开放经济下中国货币政策独立性分析——兼论通货膨胀

开放经济下,中国货币供应量受制于外汇储备使货币政策丧失独立性。双顺差积聚起的巨额外汇储备是影响中国货币政策独立性的主要因素,通货膨胀也与货币政策的内生有关。应该改善一直以来实施的强制结售汇制度为意愿结售汇制度,加速利率市场化进程,尽快打通货币市场利率与金融机构存贷款利率的传导渠道,提高货币政策的效率,才能从根本上避免长期使用外汇冲销干预带来的各种政策弊端和机制扭曲。     

年汇掉期交易引入外汇储备冲销工具探析

由于我国外汇储备的快速增长，导致央行投放的基础货币大量增加，对货币政策产生冲击。央行为保持货币供应量的稳定，实现既定的政策目标，必须对外汇储备增加引起的基础货币投放的增加进行冲销。据统计，2001年以来，央行干预外汇市场的平均交易额已接近80％。截至2005年9月底，我国外汇储备为7690．04亿美元。传统的冲销工具如公开市场操作，存款准备金率，利率及再贷款规模等操作的空间压力越来越大，严重威胁了央行货币政策的独立性，影响了其他货币政策目的实现。     

外汇储备增长的通货膨胀效应研究

本文利用2000.1~2012.3狭义货币供应量(M1)、外汇储备(FR)、消费者物价指数(CPI)月度数据,运用VAR模型对外汇储备和通货膨胀进行实证分析。结果表明:外汇储备的增加带来货币供应量的增加,并最终推动了通货膨胀的增加,通货膨胀效应显著;而在短期外汇储备增长的通货膨胀效应不明显,外汇储备对通货膨胀贡献度较低,表明中央银行的货币冲销较为有效,能够冲销了巨额外汇储备所带来的通胀压力。     

外汇储备非均衡增长下的央行冲销政策的特点与可持续性分析

近几年我国外汇储备急剧增长处在非均衡状态，这对我国货币供给产生了巨大的影响，迫使中央银行不得不加大货币冲销操作的力度，从而增加了货币政策操作的成本和难度。本文对外汇储备非均衡增长下中央银行货币冲销政策的特点与可持续性问题进行分析研究，并提出了一些政策建议。     

货币冲销政策的理论分析

近年来我国外汇储备不断增加使得央行不断采取冲销政策,以期实现控制通胀和稳定汇率的双重经济目标。而货币冲销政策的实施方式和操作力度,是影响一国货币政策调控的关键变量,值得我们国家的中央银行认真加以研究。     

外汇储备、外汇交易量与CHIBOR利率的VAR模型(2000～2004)——兼论“三元悖论”下冲销干预与货币政策的独立性

本文以“三元悖论”为切入点,从总量与结构两方面考察当前结售汇制度对商业银行外汇头寸及外汇交易量的影响,进而考察在货币政策时滞的影响下央行冲销干预的效果以及货币政策的独立性。结论认为:我国外汇储备成因中政策性制度安排(结售汇)作用突出,现行结售汇业务导致外汇交易量受到外汇储备的冲击,冲销干预的有效性十分有限且不确定性很强。在CHIBOR利率的波动中,外汇储备和外汇交易量的作用不可忽视,同时外汇交易量的波动中,外汇储备与CHIBOR利率的冲击作用贡献明显,货币政策独立性受到侵蚀。     

货币政策效果与我国金融市场的完善

我国针对经济过热采取的紧缩性货币政策没有取得预期效果的主要原因有:货币市场中利率未能完全市场化,导致货币政策传导机制受阻;外汇市场中大量外汇储备的存在和大量国际游资的涌入,对我国货币政策独立性产生冲击;资本市场中公开市场不完善等.为完善金融市场,发挥货币政策调控宏观经济的效果,应将SHIBOR作为新基准利率逐步完善;建立国际游资准入制度;放松人民币汇率管制;开放公开市场业务,充分利用国债市场;加强证监会和行业自律组织作用等.     

中国通胀、资产价格及货币政策间关系研究——基于开放经济视角的分析北大核心CSSCISSCI

本文选取2004年1月至2010年9月的中国房屋销售价格指数、货币供应量M2、美元兑人民币汇率、外汇储备、上证综指、CPI的月度数据作为研究样本,结合"有向无环图"(DAG)技术,建立SVAR模型来考察上述变量之间的动态关系。研究表明,房价、货币供应量对CPI的影响较大;货币供应量对CPI、房价、股价的影响力依次减弱;有理由推测国际游资对中国股市、房地产市场和中国实体经济部分商品的关注度依次减弱;中国的货币政策仍具有较强的独立性,但外汇储备的持续增加在一定程度上削弱了这种独立性。     

我国货币需求函数结构比较研究

货币需求函数作为货币需求对实际产出水平、价格水平和各种资产收益率等变量的长期与动态反映,不仅有助于中央银行正确判断金融规模和流动程度,而且有助于中央银行选取恰当的货币政策工具。本文构建5组不同结构的狭义与广义货币需求函数,选取1998年第1季度至2006年第3季度的数据,比较研究了收入、投资、利率、通货膨胀率、外汇储备、转轨制度变量等指标对我国货币需求函数静态和动态的影响。     

重新审视外汇储备的本质

回归央行外汇储备本质,合理分流其他外汇储备,有利于规范中央银行的职责,增强货币政策的独立性和主动性,有效控制社会货币供应量和币值剧烈波动     

Bayesian Premium Rating with Latent Structure

We propose a fully Bayesian approach to non-life risk premium rating, based on hierarchical models with latent variables for both claim frequency and claim size. Inference is based on the joint posterior distribution and is performed by Markov Chain Monte Carlo. Rather than plug-in point estimates of all unknown parameters, we take into account all sources of uncertainty simultaneously when the model is used to predict claims and estimate risk premiums. Several models are fitted to both a simulated dataset and a small portfolio regarding theft from cars. We show that interaction among latent variables can improve predictions significantly. We also investigate when interaction is not necessary. We compare our results with those obtained under a standard generalized linear model and show through numerical simulation that geographically located and spatially interacting latent variables can successfully compensate for missing covariates. However, when applied to the real portfolio data, the proposed models are not better than standard models due to the lack of spatial structure in the data.     

The development of the group accounts disclosure system in Japan

The Japanese disclosure system of consolidated statements was introduced in 1977 and extensively revised in 1997. The role of the bureaucracy has been significant in these developments and seems to be part of Japan's closed culture. However, other explanations could also be applied. In particular, although Japanese firms opposed such disclosures on the basis of preparation costs, the Japanese government had to modernize the disclosure system, including consolidation, in order to develop the securities market regardless of an individual company's interests.     

Moments of Compound Mixed Poisson Distributions

Recursive formulae are derived for the evaluation of the moments and the descending factorial moments about a point n of mixed Poisson and compound mixed Poisson distributions, in the case where the derivative of the logarithm of the mixing density can be written as a ratio of polynomials. As byproduct, we also obtain recursive formulae for the evaluation of the moments about the origin, central moments, descending and ascending factorial moments of these distributions. Examples are also presented for a number of mixing densities.     

The designing of corporate accounting law in Japan after the Second World War

After the Second World War, during the neutralization of the controlled economy of wartime Japan, a design for a Corporate Accounting Law was elaborated by the Investigation Committee on the Business Accounting System. The Investigation Committee tried to establish not only new business accounting standards but also a central and independent administrative organ of corporate accounting regulation on the basis of the Corporate Accounting Law. The Corporate Accounting Law was expected to lay the legal foundation of the new corporate accounting regulation regime in Japan. Nevertheless, even though the original design of the fundamental accounting law was never realized, it should be considered the starting point for our understanding of external accounting history in post-war Japan.     

The deliberation around accounting techniques: accounting for depreciation and foreign exchange in an Indian jute company, 1870-1900

This paper examines the way two accounting techniques, namely depreciation and foreign exchange, were deliberated on, between 1870 and 1900, in an Indian jute company whose shareholders resided in the UK. The arena for these deliberations was the conflictual relationship between controlling and non-controlling shareholders as to how best to account for depreciation and foreign exchange especially when the particular accountings affected distributional issues such as the dividend decision. The purpose of this paper is to analyse and explain the processes by which a company's accounting practices emerge and develop as a contest between different interests. Accounting framed the parameters of the deliberations and provided the language of power and dissent. The paper uses a rich archive that includes narrative and accounting material.     

Pricing Dynamic Insurance Risks Using the Principle of Equivalent Utility

We introduce an expected utility approach to price insurance risks in a dynamic financial market setting. The valuation method is based on comparing the maximal expected utility functions with and without incorporating the insurance product, as in the classical principle of equivalent utility. The pricing mechanism relies heavily on risk preferences and yields two reservation prices - one each for the underwriter and buyer of the contract. The framework is rather general and applies to a number of applications that we extensively analyze.     

Guidelines for Manuscripts Submitted to The China Journal of Accounting Research

正The China Journal of Accounting Research"CJAR"(ISSN 1755-3091)publishes quarterly.It contains peer-reviewed articles and commentaries on accounting,auditing and corporate governance issues that relate to the greater China region.We welcome the submission of both theoretical and empirical research papers pertinent to researchers,regulators and practitioners.Authors should note:1 Submissions must be original     

International harmonization of Japanese accounting standards

Historically, Japanese accounting standards have been quite distinct from International Accounting Standards (IASs) which have been perceived as being modelled on British-American accounting standards. However, in the 1990s, after the publication of E32 in 1989 and the IASC-IOSCO Agreement in 1995, the Business Accounting Deliberation Committee (BADC), the standards-setting body in Japan, has pursued a policy of harmonization with IASs. Accounting standards relating to consolidated financial statements of companies that make cross-border offerings of securities or operate worldwide are being revised drastically. This paper focuses on the development of international accounting harmonization and its impact on Japan.     

Commodity financialization and sector ETFs: Evidence from crude oil futures

We investigate the diversification benefits of energy assets in the setting of commodity financialization using data on crude oil futures and Sector ETFs (SPDRs). Correlations between commodities and financial assets increased during the post-Commodity Futures Modernization Act (CFMA)/commodity bull cycle period, resulting in lower benefits of diversification. However, we find that conditional correlations between crude oil futures and sector ETFs meaningfully increased only since the 2008–09 financial crisis. The results therefore suggest that the financial crisis, rather than CFMA regulation, explains changes in the diversification benefits of commodities. Moreover, we find that oil futures returns are less correlated with SPDRs than with the S&P index. Thus, energy futures, and crude oil in particular, offer the potential for diversification benefits in sector-style investing.     

Dutch accounting in Japan 1609-1850: isolation or observation?

The trading station or factory maintained by the Dutch East India Company (VOC) was Japan's sole window on the Western world during most of the Tokugawa period (1600-1868). While many aspects of the factory's role in Dutch/Japanese cultural exchange have been researched little is known in the West of the accounting at the factory. This paper considers the possibility that double-entry bookkeeping employed by the Dutch may have been diffused to the Japanese. The available evidence is synthesized after considering the accounting system in the Dutch factory.