浙江块状经济发展研究报告

在这一新的增长阶段．浙江“块状经济”增势强劲．经济总量大幅扩张．产业结构明显变化．有力促进先进制造业基地建设。 “块状经济”专指以制造业为主体．具有产业集群特征．富有浙江特色的区域经济形态。“进一步发挥浙江的块状特色产业优势．加快先进制造业基地建设．走新型工业化道路。”     

浙商的"外迁"与"反哺"——基于从"浙江经济"到"浙江人经济"的实证分析

本文描述了浙商外迁的地域分布、行业分布、规模分布及其发展态势。企业外迁是经济发展过程中产业结构调整的微观显现。浙商外迁将促使浙江的经济发展经历从“浙江经济”到“浙江人经济”的深刻变革。吸引在外浙商“反哺”浙江的关键在于构造优良高效的软环境．为此需要进行三个具体的转变：从纵向的产业链转向立体的产业配套、从特殊的个体交易关系转向普遍信任的社会网络、从单一政策优惠转向全面的支撑体系。     

浙江“块状经济”地理空间分布特征及成因分析

“块状经济”在浙江经济发展中创造的奇迹颇受关注 ,它是非国有、非公有制企业发动的一种企业空间组织和产业组织的重大创新。调查分析和深入探讨“块状经济”地理空间分布特征及其成因 ,对于科学规划产业布局、优化产业结构具有十分重要的现实意义 ,对于我国中西部等后发地区民营企业和非公有制经济的发展也颇具借鉴作用。一、浙江“块状经济”地理空间分布特征数量分析1 .方法概要以区位理论为依据 ,从县域区位、集聚规模、基础公共设施条件、个体经济单位数、人均收入等方面考虑 ,结合资料来源及数据收集的可能性和准确性 ,拟定浙江省“…     

简论包装装潢色彩"软标准"的作用

包装装潢产品色彩“软标准”的含义与计算机的“硬件”、“软件”一样，是区别于我国《标准化法》规定的国家标准、行业标准、地方标准、企业标准中评价标准化现象或对包装工业产品的那些硬性规定之外定量的“软规定”。作为包装装潢产品，“软标准”的要求只是一些“色彩印刷均匀一致，构图造型美观大方”之类定性的“软规定”。但是，这些看上去好似简单的“软规定”，在执行起来却大有文章可作。从一定意义上讲，进一步认识包装装潢色彩“软标准”的作用，对于我国目前包装行业尽快适应加入WTO的经济环境，适应国际国内两个市场的需求…     

浙江创新区域品牌载体

浙江区域块状经济发达，永康五金、温州电器、大唐袜业等在全国都已颇有名气，地域名称已成为产业品牌的组成部分。为促进区域块状经济健康快速发展，浙江省工商行政管理局创新区域品牌载体，在全国率先开展“专业商标品牌基地”认定工作，收效明显。     

海宁经编皮革家纺三大产业均获区域名牌

“海宁家纺”日前喜获“浙江区域名牌”，这是浙江省海宁市继经编产业、皮革产业之后获得的第三块“浙江区域名牌”。至此，海宁市经编、皮革、家纺三大支柱产业已全部创建出“浙江区域名牌”。截至2011年12月，全市累计使用“区域名牌标志”企业已达59家，区域优势产业竞争力显著增强。经编、皮革、家纺是海宁三大传统产业。近年来，海宁市将培育创建区域名牌作为提升实体经济发展动力，促进三大块状优势产业向现代产业集群转型的重要抓手，紧紧围绕产业特征，以质量提升为手段，以平台建设为保障，     

浙江“块状经济”现象分析

所谓“块状经济”,是指在一定地域范围内集聚形成特色产业优势十分明显的专业化产销基地,并由其带动当地经济和社会发展的一种区域经济组织形式。目前,一乡一品、一县一业的“块状经济”已成为浙江经济的一大特色。据不完全统计,1997年浙江特色工业产值超亿元的区块有306个,涉及生产企业多达13万家,每个区块平均规模达8．7亿元。其中,10亿～50亿元的区块91个,50亿～100亿元的区块13个,超100亿元的区块4个。从上报汇总的66个县（市、区）的资料分析,工业特色产业产值占其工业总产值的37．4％,农业特色产业产值占其农业总产值的39…     

飞速崛起的生力军--浙江民营石化企业透视

浙江从一个人均半亩土地的资源小省，发展为经济活跃、人民富裕的大省，“浙江现象”引起了国内外的广泛关注。而对于石化业界来说，浙江民营石化的快速崛起，则是“浙江现象”中的一大亮点。     

论上海和浙江的区域经济关系--一个关于"中心-边缘"理论和 "极化-扩散"效应的实证研究

本文首先概述了增长极理论和中心--边缘理论的应用条件和应用背景，进而证明上海和浙江共处的长江三角洲地区并非是一个二元空间而更近似于匀质空间，接着用浙沪间产业转移的案例证明两地之间的关系并非是“极化--扩散”，而是资源优势互补、产业分工的关系，并得出结论认为，从要素资源流动的角度分析，上海和浙江区域经济关系应该属于邻域渗透型的区域经济关系。     

关于企业精神文明建设的思考

两个文明建设发展不平衡，造成“一手硬、一手软”的问题在一些地方和单位仍然存在，究其原因，主要有以下几个方面： 一是有些同志对两个文明建设的关系产生了片面的理解。有人认为它们是先后关系，主张等到物质文明搞好了，再去抓精神文明；有人认为现在是以经济建设为中心，物质文明搞好了，精神文明自然而然就会好起来；有人认为精神文明是虚的，可有可无，只有物质文明才是实的等等。这些片面的、错误的认识一经付诸实践则不可避免地导致忽视或贬低精神文明建设的后果，必然造成物质文明“一手硬”，精神文明“一手软”的状况。 二是文…     

Export decisions within Taiwanese electrical and electronic SMEs: The role of management characteristics and attitudes

In this globalized environment, Taiwanese firms have been very successful in achieving growth via international market expansion. In particular, the Taiwanese electronics industry has shown a dynamism lacking in comparable industries around the world. However, in recent years there has been a move by many of the larger Taiwanese manufacturing firms to outsource their manufacturing to low-cost producers such as China in order to remain competitive. Conversely, most Taiwanese small- to medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) have retained their production facilities in Taiwan. These SMEs seek to expand their sales beyond the domestic market by employing an export strategy, making a significant socioeconomic contribution to the domestic and regional economies. This paper highlights the key dimensions such as enhancing factors (benefits/advantages), inhibiting factors (barriers/costs), and managerial factors (characteristics/commitment) that play an important role in the internationalization of SMEs located within the Taiwanese electronics industry. A logistic regression model is used to predict the probability of a firm being an exporter.     

Product variety and firm survival in the microcomputer software industry

This article provides an analysis of product variety and scope economies in the microcomputer software industry by using detailed firm‐level and product‐level information on firms' bundling of functionalities over application categories and computing platforms. We find that the management of product variety through the way different application categories are integrated in products and the platforms on which these products are offered can be as important as the significance of scope economies at the more aggregated firm level. Specifically, we find that there is little evidence of firm benefits from economies of scope in production, but there is substantial evidence that products benefit from economies of scope in consumption. In addition, we find that firms with products that encapsulate more application categories perform better, and those with products that cover more computing platforms perform worse. Finally, changes in product variety through new product introductions improve firm performance, but extensions to existing products hinder the performance of the firm and the product. We conclude that research in scope economies can benefit from a more detailed model of the evolution of product variety that includes data and analysis at the firm level and at the product level. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

中国商业银行规模经济与范围经济的实证分析

本文通过对中国商业银行1996年到2001年的经营情况进行实证分析，估算出各家银行的规模经济系数和范围经济系数，发现大部分商业银行规模不经济而范围经济，规模不经济的程度与银行资产规模呈正相关关系，股份制商业银行的范围经济系数高于国有商业银行的范围经济系数，范围经济与银行资产规模没有必然的联系。在此基础上，本文提出了相应的政策主张。     

Inventory investment and sectoral characteristics in some OECD countries

This paper discusses the effects of sectoral structure on the long run macroeconomic inventory behaviour of national economies. Data on 15 OECD countries are included in the analysis, which is based on correlation and cluster analysis methodologies. The study is part of a long-term research project exploring factors influencing the inventory behaviour of national economies.First, we introduce some basic characteristics of macroeconomic inventory formation in the 15 OECD countries. We argue that our previous results on the existence of specific characteristic features of macroeconomic inventory investment are justified, hence it makes sense to study the factors influencing these features. We then examine the contribution of various sectors to the production of in the countries involved and the relationship between sectoral structure and inventory intensity (annual inventory change/Gross Value Added). We find that the high share of agriculture and manufacturing increases inventory intensity, that the increasing share of services has a negative effect and that the role of construction and trade is not obvious. The relatively low stability of the statistical results warns us to be cautious with our judgements. Further, case-by-case analysis would be required to obtain more solid results.     

Vertical and Horizontal Scope Economies in the Regulated U.S. Electric Power Industry

This paper investigates vertical economies between generation and distribution of electric power, and horizontal economies between different types of power generation in the U.S. electric utility industry. Our quadratic cost function model includes three generation output measures (hydro, nuclear and fossil fuels), which allows us to analyze the effect that generation mix has on vertical economies. Our results provide (sample mean) estimates of vertical economies of 8.1% and horizontal economies of 5.4%. An extensive sensitivity analysis is used to show how the scope measures vary across alternative model specifications and firm types.     

节能环保与经济增长双重目标下我国重工业结构的调整研究

本文以规模经济作为主要理论基础,结合环境理论等,探讨了重工业结构调整推进节能减排和经济增长的机制和对策.要保持经济的可持续发展并促进节能减排水平的提高,需要对重工业结构进行调整.将单位GDP能耗的影响因素进行分解,并探寻它们之间的相互关系:技术进步与产业结构高度化之间的相互作用、规模经济与重工业产业组织结构之间的相互作用、聚集经济及环境容量与重工业产业布局结构之间的相互作用,共同促进了节能减排水平的提高和重工业的发展及经济的增长,这构成了重工业结构调整促进节能减排和经济增长的机制.最后,我们提出了重工业结构调整包括产业结构高度化、产业组织结构调整和产业布局结构调整的对策.     

Characterizing and comparing the evolution of the major global economies in information and communication technologies

In this paper, we characterise and compare status and evolution of the ICT industry of the six major global economies in ICT: China, the EU, Japan, Korea, Taiwan and the USA. For this, we employ official data covering the period 2006–2009. Our analysis shows that although the EU is the largest economy of the world, it is the least ICT-specialised economy of all six major ICT economies. The USA is clearly the top global player in ICT in many respects. In both ICT Manufacturing and ICT Services it has the largest Value Added, BERD, BERD intensity and labour productivity. We further observe that China has, by far, the largest number of employees in both ICT Manufacturing and Services, while its level of ICT BERD remains low. China is however an emerging economy and economic indicators of its ICT sector have strongly grown from 2006 to 2009. Japan׳s ICT sector has a larger weight in the national economy than those of the USA, EU, and China. Moreover, it is the country from which the highest number of ICT patent applications originate. We also find that, of all six major global economies in ICT, Taiwan and Korea have the most ICT-specialised economies, with a strong orientation towards Manufacturing. Finally, we discuss selected results of our analysis and conclude the paper with tentative policy implications for the EU.     

Market structure and the impact of imports on price cost margins

This paper provides a conceptual analysis of the impact of imports on domestic price-cost margins via the interaction of economies of scale, conjectural variations, and demand elasticities. Positive or negative impacts can be theoretically justified based on the relative strength of these factors.     

Development of Trust: A Study of Interfirm Relationships in Vietnam

The radical political and economic reforms sweeping through former socialist countries during the last decade have opened rich opportunities for privately owned businesses to emerge and develop. Since the market institutions and infrastructures in these countries are largely underdeveloped, private firms in transition economies rely extensively on interfirm partnerships. This raises the question of how—in the absence of institutions that legitimate markets, contracts, and private property—managers of new business ventures develop new relationships. This paper addresses this issue through analysis of multiple subcontracting relationships formed at a private garment company in Vietnam. This analysis suggests that firms in transition economies develop interfirm trust in ways that are quite different from their counterparts in more highly developed economies.