构建商业银行经济责任审计模式之探讨

经济责任审计是商业银行内部审计的重要形式。银行业的风险管理正处于提升的时期,商业银行必须强化和提升风险管理水平。风险管理是商业银行高级管理人员的重要职责,经济责任审计必须以风险为本,构建适应商业银行全面风险管理的经济责任审计模式。     

论商业银行风险审计

随着银行业所承担风险的增加,商业银行内部审计关注的重点也将逐渐转移到风险管理上来。内部审计如何在商业银行风险管理中发挥职责和作用?本文以商业银行风险管理为研究对象,以国内外最新审计理念为导引,重点阐述了风险审计的涵义及其特征,商业银行推行风险审计的意义,以及实施风险审计面临的问题和解决措施。     

商业银行操作风险管理的国际比较研究

建立和完善操作风险管理体系已经成为现代商业银行急需解决的重大课题.本文通过商业银行操作风险管理的国际比较分析并加以总结,在此基础之上对我国商业银行操作风险的现状和特征进行了分析,指出我国商业银行操作风险主要集中在内部欺诈特别是管理层欺诈.我国商业银行管理层内部欺诈产生的主要原因是银行特别是国有商业银行公司治理结构不够完善、"内部人控制"问题和对管理层监督与激励不足.所以,我国商业银行业应从实际出发,认真借鉴国外先进经验,从体制和机制改革入手积极防范和控制操作风险.     

商业银行内部审计与风险管理

在现今的审计模式下,内部审计和相关的风险管理已经参与到国内商业银行日常主要工作的全过程,它们不仅发现了商业银行运行过程中各个方面重要的风险因素,还分析总结了风险度及其抑制方法,并对其控制效率和成果做出了客观评价。但目前我国商业银行内部审计大多还是进行的合规性审计,且在风险识别、商业银行的内控、风险管理人才和风险信息沟通方面存在着许多缺陷。因此加强商业银行的内部审计职能并完善风险管理是一项十分重要的任务。     

风险导向:农业银行内部审计的发展方向

开展风险导向内部审计是内审的发展方向,是强化风险管理的有效手段,有助于商业银行完善公司治理机制,提高审计效能.但农业银行尚未建立起全面风险管理体系,其传统审计文化难以适应风险导向内部审计的要求,开展风险导向审计将可能碰到现有审计模式、方式、技术方法和审计人员的擘业胜任能力等方面的限制.因此,开展风险导向内部审计需要转变观念,树立全面风险管理意识,改造现有审计流程,切实提高审计人员的专业胜任能力.     

浅析我国商业银行信贷风险管理及对策

信贷风险管理是银行风险管理的核心.当前我国商业银行信贷风险管理存在信贷管理机制不健全、信贷风险管理文化未能与时俱进、信息不对称以及政策风险等问题.加强商业银行信贷风险管理,应完善内控制度建设,强化内控机制;培育新型的信贷文化;加强信贷风险的监测与监督;完善银行内部审计制度.     

对商业银行风险管理审计的思考

商业银行是经营货币的特殊企业，更是经营风险的特殊企业。风险管理贯穿于银行工作的全过程，是商业银行所有经营管理活动的核心。商业银行经营管理的基本任务从本质上讲就是管理风险，保持所承担风险与自身风险管理能力的动态平衡。 商业银行的内部审计与风险管理有着天然的密切关系，国际内部审计实务标准对内部审计的定义是：内部审计是一种独立．客观的保证与咨询活动，目的是为机构增加价值并提高机构的运作效率。它采取系统化和规范化的方法来对风险管理．控制及治理程序进行评估和改善，从而帮助机构实现它的目标。由此可见，识别．评估．揭示风险，促进风险管理水平的提高，就成为商业银行内部审计首要任务和本质要求，脱离风险谈商业银行的内部审计，就成为无源之水．无本之木。[编者按]     

内部审计在现代商业银行风险管理中的作用

随着我国金融改革的深入,商业银行内部审计体制也加快了改革的步伐,内部审计在商业银行风险管理中的重要作用已日益渗透于商业银行经营管理之中,并对其经营管理和各项业务的开展进行综合评价,以达到强化内部控制、改善风险管理、完善组织治理结构、提高经济效益的目的,促进商业银行的健康发展。内部审计旨在完善与健全商业银行业务与管理规章制度,为提高商业银行管理水平服务,这也是现代商业银行风险管理的必然选择。     

对提高内部审计有效性的探讨

我国银行业改革开放进入一个新的发展时期，能否有效防范风险关系到城市商业银行能否实现可持续发展、提高综合竞争能力的重要问题。商业银行内部审计是一种独立、客观的保证和咨询活动，其目的在于增加自身的价值和提高运作效率。内部审计工作是内控制度的一个重要组成部分。在当前进一步完善和加强内控机制，防范和化解金融风险的新形势下，探索提高内部审计有效性，具有重要的现实意义。     

对我国商业银行内部审计有效性的探讨

由于受到国际金融危机的影响，我国商业银行面临的经营环境更加复杂，竞争也更加激烈，所以商业银行必须提高风险管理水平，以适应外部环境的变化。商业银行内部审计作为独立的“第三道防线”，对于提高商业银行风险管理能力，督促全面风险管理体系建设与健全内部控制有着不可替代的作用。因此商业银行内部审计必须从体制、方式、技术及人力等方面增强工作的有效性，以发挥自身作用，提高商业银行的风险防范能力。     

Bayesian Premium Rating with Latent Structure

We propose a fully Bayesian approach to non-life risk premium rating, based on hierarchical models with latent variables for both claim frequency and claim size. Inference is based on the joint posterior distribution and is performed by Markov Chain Monte Carlo. Rather than plug-in point estimates of all unknown parameters, we take into account all sources of uncertainty simultaneously when the model is used to predict claims and estimate risk premiums. Several models are fitted to both a simulated dataset and a small portfolio regarding theft from cars. We show that interaction among latent variables can improve predictions significantly. We also investigate when interaction is not necessary. We compare our results with those obtained under a standard generalized linear model and show through numerical simulation that geographically located and spatially interacting latent variables can successfully compensate for missing covariates. However, when applied to the real portfolio data, the proposed models are not better than standard models due to the lack of spatial structure in the data.     

The development of the group accounts disclosure system in Japan

The Japanese disclosure system of consolidated statements was introduced in 1977 and extensively revised in 1997. The role of the bureaucracy has been significant in these developments and seems to be part of Japan's closed culture. However, other explanations could also be applied. In particular, although Japanese firms opposed such disclosures on the basis of preparation costs, the Japanese government had to modernize the disclosure system, including consolidation, in order to develop the securities market regardless of an individual company's interests.     

Moments of Compound Mixed Poisson Distributions

Recursive formulae are derived for the evaluation of the moments and the descending factorial moments about a point n of mixed Poisson and compound mixed Poisson distributions, in the case where the derivative of the logarithm of the mixing density can be written as a ratio of polynomials. As byproduct, we also obtain recursive formulae for the evaluation of the moments about the origin, central moments, descending and ascending factorial moments of these distributions. Examples are also presented for a number of mixing densities.     

The designing of corporate accounting law in Japan after the Second World War

After the Second World War, during the neutralization of the controlled economy of wartime Japan, a design for a Corporate Accounting Law was elaborated by the Investigation Committee on the Business Accounting System. The Investigation Committee tried to establish not only new business accounting standards but also a central and independent administrative organ of corporate accounting regulation on the basis of the Corporate Accounting Law. The Corporate Accounting Law was expected to lay the legal foundation of the new corporate accounting regulation regime in Japan. Nevertheless, even though the original design of the fundamental accounting law was never realized, it should be considered the starting point for our understanding of external accounting history in post-war Japan.     

The deliberation around accounting techniques: accounting for depreciation and foreign exchange in an Indian jute company, 1870-1900

This paper examines the way two accounting techniques, namely depreciation and foreign exchange, were deliberated on, between 1870 and 1900, in an Indian jute company whose shareholders resided in the UK. The arena for these deliberations was the conflictual relationship between controlling and non-controlling shareholders as to how best to account for depreciation and foreign exchange especially when the particular accountings affected distributional issues such as the dividend decision. The purpose of this paper is to analyse and explain the processes by which a company's accounting practices emerge and develop as a contest between different interests. Accounting framed the parameters of the deliberations and provided the language of power and dissent. The paper uses a rich archive that includes narrative and accounting material.     

Disclosure of government financial information and the cost of local government’s debt financing——Empirical evidence from provincial investment bonds for urban construction

China’s slowing economic growth and rapid urbanization have made local government debt financing a significant issue.This study uses a sample of China’s provinc...     

Pricing Dynamic Insurance Risks Using the Principle of Equivalent Utility

We introduce an expected utility approach to price insurance risks in a dynamic financial market setting. The valuation method is based on comparing the maximal expected utility functions with and without incorporating the insurance product, as in the classical principle of equivalent utility. The pricing mechanism relies heavily on risk preferences and yields two reservation prices - one each for the underwriter and buyer of the contract. The framework is rather general and applies to a number of applications that we extensively analyze.     

Guidelines for Manuscripts Submitted to The China Journal of Accounting Research

正The China Journal of Accounting Research"CJAR"(ISSN 1755-3091)publishes quarterly.It contains peer-reviewed articles and commentaries on accounting,auditing and corporate governance issues that relate to the greater China region.We welcome the submission of both theoretical and empirical research papers pertinent to researchers,regulators and practitioners.Authors should note:1 Submissions must be original     

International harmonization of Japanese accounting standards

Historically, Japanese accounting standards have been quite distinct from International Accounting Standards (IASs) which have been perceived as being modelled on British-American accounting standards. However, in the 1990s, after the publication of E32 in 1989 and the IASC-IOSCO Agreement in 1995, the Business Accounting Deliberation Committee (BADC), the standards-setting body in Japan, has pursued a policy of harmonization with IASs. Accounting standards relating to consolidated financial statements of companies that make cross-border offerings of securities or operate worldwide are being revised drastically. This paper focuses on the development of international accounting harmonization and its impact on Japan.