外国投资者并购境内企业的有关规定

外国投资者并购境内企业,系指外国投资者购买境内非外商投资企业（以下称“境内公司”）股东的股权或认购境内公司增资,使该境内公司变更设立为外商投资企业（以下称“股权并购”）：或者,外国投资者设立外商投资企业,并通过该企业协议购买境内企业资产且运营该资产或者,外国投资者协议购买境内企业资产,并以该资产投资设立外商投资企业运营该资产（以下称“资产并购”）。     

对《外国投资者并购境内企业暂行规定》的思考和建议

2003年3月7日,对外贸易经济合作部、国家税务总局、国家工商行政管理总局、国家外汇管理局联合颁布了<外国投资者并购境内企业暂行规定>(以下简称<规定>,并于当年的4月12日起开始实施.<规定>较之以前规范外资并购的法规不仅可操作性强,而且有一定的突破,对一些问题也首次予以规定.<规定>经一年来的实施一方面有力地推动了外资并购,通过外资增量资产的引入带动了国内存量资产的盘活,提高了境内企业尤其是国有企业资产运营的效率.另一方面,<规定>中的一些条文意思表述较模糊和不准确,让人困惑和不解,即不利于并购活动的规范推进,也不利于监管部门有效监管.为此笔者提出以下思考和建议.     

《外国投资者并购境内企业暂行规定》有关问题的说明

近年来，随着改革开放的不断深入和发展，我国利用外资的方式日益多样化，外资并购境内企业逐步成为我国引进外资的新兴方式。鉴此，为了促进和规范外国投资者投资并购境内企业，引进国外先进技术和管理经验，提高利用外贸的水平，实现资源的合理配置，维护公平竞争市场秩序和国家经济安全，依据外商投资企业的法律、行政法规和其他相关法律法规，2003年3月原外经贸部(现为商务部，以下称商务部)会同有关部门发布了《外国投资者并购境内企业暂行规定》(以下简称《并购规定》)。《并购规定》明确了外国投资者并购境内企业的法律结果是导致设立外商投资企业，并为将外资并购纳入外商投资管理的法律体系制定了相应的规则和程序。鉴于篇幅，本刊将《并购规定》有关问题的说明分两期刊发，敬请留意。     

《外国投资者并购境内企业暂行规定》有关问题的说明(续)

(接上期) 七、关于投资者缴付出资的规定 根据<并购规定>第九条的规定,投资者缴付出资主要分为两种情况,一是外国投资者股权并购境内公司后,企业需要增资;二是资产并购后,外国投资者除了向所设企业投入其购买的目标企业的资产作为出资外,还要另行以其他现金、实物等方式出资.对于第一种情形,认购增资部分的中外投资者均有义务按期向企业缴付出资.     

对《外国投资者并购境内企业暂行规定》的思考

美国名经济学家斯蒂格勒说过：“纵观美国名大企业，几乎没有哪一家不是以某种方式、在某种程度上应用了兼并、收购而发展起来的。”这揭示了并购的重要性。从20世纪90年代，全球性的并购浪潮直接影响到我国，企业的重组、并购已为我国重视并实施。2003年3月7日，原对外贸易经     

商务部公布外国投资者并购境内企业安全审查暂行规定

商务部3月7日发布公告,公布了《商务部实施外国投资者并购境内企业安全审查制度有关事项的暂行规定》。规定称,外国投资者并购属于《国务院办公厅关于建立外国投资者并购境内企业安全审查制度的通知》明确的并购安全审查范围的境内企业,应向商务部提出并购安全审查申请。     

对外资并购审批制度的思考

通常情况下,各国对跨国公司并购实行严格的审批制度,以尽可能减少外国公司对本国企业并购所带来的危害。在我国,设立外商投资企业实行审批制度,外国投资者并购境内企业而成为外商投资企业是设立外商投资企业的方式之一,且《外国投资者并购境内企业暂行规定》这部专门规范外资并     

The effect of investor origin on firm performance: Domestic and foreign direct investment in the United States

This paper evaluates the causal relationship between the source of origin of FDI and the performance of the target firm. The empirical analysis uses new data on a comprehensive sample of public U.S. firms that received FDI between 1979 and 2006. To account for the possibility that performance differences arise due to the selection of superior target firm rather than the change in ownership, I use propensity score matching to create similar comparison groups of target firms prior to acquisitions. The analysis reveals three major findings. First, acquiring firms from industrialized countries lead to labor productivity increases of 13% in the target firm three years after the acquisition compared to targets acquired by domestic firms. Firms that received developing country firm acquisitions, on the other hand, exhibit lower labor productivity gains four years after acquisition, compared to targets acquired by domestic firms. Second, targets receiving FDI by firms from industrial and developing countries also experience increases in profits, compared with firms receiving acquisition by domestic firms from the United States. Third, compared with domestic acquisitions, foreign industrial firm acquisition FDI tends to increase their targets' employment and sales, whereas targets acquired by firms located in developing countries experience a decrease in both revenues and total number of employees. These findings suggest that target firms are subject to significantly different restructuring processes depending on the origin of the acquiring firm.     

Institutional investor activism on socially responsible investment: effects and expectations

Concentrated attention on institutional investors' activism has been perceived in the last few decades and further intensified in the post-Enron era. A new area of particular significance that has emerged is institutional investors' growing awareness and practice of socially responsible investment (SRI). This article starts by reviewing the importance of institutional investor activism and the historical implication of SRI. Significantly, various elements that give rise to the growth of SRI in the modern business world are considered in detail. It is recognized that, although current empirical evidence suggests ambiguous effects of SRI, the positive impact of institutional investors' activism on SRI is likely to have been undermined due to the underdevelopment of evaluation systems, and SRI should stand out as a good investment option for its joint financial and societal concerns. Nevertheless, obstructions still exist in the exercise of investor activism and the pursuit of SRI strategy, which implies that, at least in the near future, SRI strategy will remain as a minor investment trend for institutional investors in Anglo-American countries. Additional regulatory methods and awarding schemes are, therefore, expected to motivate institutional investors' activism on SRI, and subsequently to promote global sustainability.     

An information-based trade off between foreign direct investment and foreign portfolio investment

The paper develops a model of foreign direct investments (FDI) and foreign portfolio investments (FPI). FDI enables the owner to obtain refined information about the firm. This superiority, relative to FPI, comes with a cost: a firm owned by the FDI investor has a low resale price because of asymmetric information between the owner and potential buyers. The model can explain several stylized facts regarding foreign equity flows, such as the larger ratio of FDI to FPI inflows in developing countries relative to developed countries, and the greater volatility of FDI net inflows relative to FPI net inflows.     

New foreign investment policy

The US accounts for about 75 p.c. of foreign direct investment in Canadian manufacturing. The structure of hitherto existing foreign investment has caused concern about negative effects on the economy. By a series of measures the Canadian administration tries to give foreign investment a form, that suits better the country’s interests.     

Religion and foreign direct investment

This study examines the effect of religion on foreign direct investment (FDI). Using a large sample of directional FDI flows and religious data between 1985 and 2019, we calculate the religious distance between home and host countries and find that FDI flows are smaller for country pairs with greater religious distance. This finding remains intact after a host of variables affecting FDI are controlled. Moreover, the negative effect of religious differences is less pronounced if the host country has higher religious diversity or both countries have a bilateral investment treaty (BIT) in force. Finally, we construct a country-level measure for religiosity and find an asymmetric effect of religiosity on FDI flows. Overall, our study suggests that both religious differences and the level of religiosity play important roles in explaining international FDI flows. (JEL F21, F41, Z12)     

China's outward foreign direct investment

China's outward foreign direct investment (FDI) is steadily increasing. The United States is now a key target for China's outward FDI, and the response by the American public tends to fall at opposite ends of the spectrum: fever or fear. Chinese FDI in the United States faces challenges posed by its liability of foreignness in political, cultural, marketing, and technological aspects. Utilizing mini case studies, we herein examine the polarized responses to Chinese outward direct investment, its history, and the challenges faced by Chinese multinational corporations operating in or attempting to enter the U.S. market. Finally, strategy suggestions are proposed.