构建效率与公平相统一的收入分配体制研究

我国改革开放以来,国民经济快速发展,社会财富大幅增长,人民生活水平总体上得到了提高.但同时随之出现了收入分配不公平、居民之间收入差距过大以及差距不断扩大的现象.为解决这一问题,关键在于处理好效率与公平之间的关系,实现公平与效率的统一与结合;在国民收入的初次分配和再分配中都要处理好效率和公平的关系,再分配更加注重公平;深化现有收入分配制度改革,建立效率与公平相统一的收入分配体制,缩小过大收入差距,实现分配公平.     

收入分配改革策略的国际比较与借鉴

推进收入分配改革是缩小收入分配差距的重要战略部署。目前,我国推进收入分配改革面临:把握好初次分配与再分配的边界;处理加快经济发展方式转变与收入分配改革关系;弥合城乡差别、产业差异和区域差距;应对全球化、信息化、城市化和老龄化新挑战等问题。通过对比各国和地区推进收入分配改革的历史经验和教训表明,我国的收入分配改革:首先,应将建立新型的成熟市场经济体制作为推进收入分配改革的制度保障;其次,主动应对经济发展方式转变所致的收入扩大,明确"限高"、"育中"、"保低"的收入分配改革终极目标;再次,将均等化的收入分配改革路线作为弥合我国各类收入分配差距的基本立足点;最后,全面分析全球化、信息化、城市化和老龄化的冲击,借鉴各国做法,制定推进收入分配改革的策略。     

当前我国收入分配领域的主要问题及改革路径

我国收入分配领域的问题,在宏观上表现为收入分配格局不合理,在微观上表现为收入差距扩大和分配不公.造成这种结果的原因包括体制机制制约、劳资关系力量对比失衡、市场机制本身的缺陷、生产力发展不平衡、居民资源禀赋差异等.当前我国收入分配领域的改革,应该通过收入分配制度的顶层设计形成合理的收入分配格局,通过生产力均衡发展解决城乡居民之间和地区居民之间的收入分配差距,通过户籍制度、税收制度、转移支付和社会保障制度以及农村土地制度的调整逐渐形成良好的收入分配关系,通过处理好效率与公平的关系逐步解决收入不公平问题.     

如何在初次分配中构建层次性利益公平分享机制——兼评李惠斌著《企业劳动产权概论》一书

在我国现阶段收入分配制度中,出现了区域性差距、行业性差距和个人收入差距过大以及公平与效率不协调等现象.李惠斌研究员所著的<企业劳动产权概论>一书,对我国研究和解决分配制度中收入差距过大问题提出了重要思路.本文在兼评该书的基础上,对如何在初次分配中构建层次性利益公平分享机制,提出了正确处理好四大关系的建议,即正确处理好按劳分配为主体与多种分配方式并存的关系、初次分配中的公平与效率关系、按劳分配与职工财产性收入的关系、保护合法收入与调控过高收入的关系.     

调节我国收入差距的政策重心选择——基于两次分配贡献率视角的实证分析

一、引言国内外关于我国收入分配问题的研究成果颇丰。经梳理,国外学者对我国收入分配问题的研究成果大致归纳为两方面:一是探讨我国收入不平等的热门话题,包括区域间、城乡间、城镇内,农村内的收入不平等;二是新的研究领域,包括研究一些影响收入不平等的新因素以及研究收入不平等与福利水平之间的关系等(陈建东,     

我国城乡居民收入分配差距的成因及对策

本文在借鉴我国有关研究理论的基础上,紧紧围绕收入分配与效率和公平的关系,针对我国城乡居民收入差距不断扩大的现状,重点讨论收入分配差距过大的成因,为政府加大收入分配调节力度、减缓差距扩大速度、逐步理顺分配关系提供合理化建议.     

经济增长对收入分配的影响分析

收入分配不公是一个复杂的经济问题和社会问题,是多方面因素共同作用的结果.这些因素包括我国坚持"效率优先,兼顾公平"分配原则、市场经济下的资源配置、政府在经济转型期的职能的不适当使用等.这些原因既受社会、政治、经济等等多方面因素的影响,又反应了我国当前收入分配体制和某些政策存在的缺陷.随着生活水平的不断提高,社会居民的收入分配问题也格外引人注目.不断拉大的收入差距不仅影响到民众整体生活水平的提高,对于社会经济的可持续发展也产生诸多不利影响.面对现阶段由于收入分配差距过大而产生的诸多社会矛盾,为了缩小收入分配差距,之前,很多学者已经研究了影响收入分配差距大小的三个方面,分别为,政府制度因素,资源分配因素,历史、人口因素.本文用GDP 来衡量经济增长,用基尼系数来衡量收入分配,分析二者的关系,来了解分析了经济增长是如何对收入分配产生影响的,得到结果是收入分配与经济增长成反比关系.     

试谈以合理分配企业收入为核心的价税改革

企业的收入分配是国民收入分配中的一个重要方面。它不仅影响国民经济中的积累与消费的比例关系,而且直接关系到国家、企业和个人的三者利益,关系到国家和企业职能的实现,以及搞活企业并保持国民经济平衡等重大问题。自1978年始我国在企业收入分配体制上做了一系列的改革,这对于改善国家与企业的分配关系起到了一定的积极作用。但是,迄今为止,我们在企业收入分配问题上所做的努力,还只限于国家、企业和个人之间的纵向分配关系,即国家对企业已经取得的收入在国家、企业、个人之间的分配。至于企业既定的收入是否合理,企业税后利润的再分配及其使用是否恰当,在企业收入分配中尚未触及。我们认为合理分配企业收入首先需要有一个前提,这个前提是所有的企业取得收入的机会均等,即在商品经济条件下竞争条件的均等。本文拟就以合理分配企业收入为前提的价税改革问题谈几点想法。     

研究宏观经济形势要关注收入分配问题

研究宏观经济形势,不能不关注收入分配问题,这是因为,收入分配问题与国内需求状况有密切的关系。需求不足是当前我国经济运行中的一个主要矛盾。收入差距拉大和低收入群体收入增长缓慢是造成内需不足的一个重要原因。收入高者的消费需求不能随收入而增高。收入低者虽有消费欲望而无     

我国城镇居民收入分配差距的实证研究

笔者首先计算了几种度量收入分配差距的指标,从不同角度的分析得到了我国城镇居民收入分配差距不断扩大的结论;其次估计了我国城镇居民的基尼系数.通过计量经济模型,检验了高、中、低各阶层可支配收入与收入分配差距之间的关系,得出结论:增加中低收入阶层的可支配收入,遏制高收入阶层可支配收入,可以减小基尼系数,从而降低收入分配差距;进一步通过模型发现,我国发达地区的经济发展和收入分配差距呈现出倒U型规律,说明经济发展达到一定水平,收入分配差距有望缩小.     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

Toward a Phylogenetic Reconstruction of Organizational Life

Synopsis Classification is an important activity that facilitates theory development in many academic disciplines. Scholars in fields such as organizational science, management science and economics and have long recognized that classification offers an approach for ordering and understanding the diversity of organizational taxa (groups of one or more similar organizational entities). However, even the most prominent organizational classifications have limited utility, as they tend to be shaped by a specific research bias, inadequate units of analysis and a standard neoclassical economic view that does not naturally accommodate the disequilibrium dynamics of modern competition. The result is a relatively large number of individual and unconnected organizational classifications, which tend to ignore the processes of change responsible for organizational diversity. Collectively they fail to provide any sort of universal system for ordering, compiling and presenting knowledge on organizational diversity. This paper has two purposes. First, it reviews the general status of the major theoretical approaches to biological and organizational classification and compares the methods and resulting classifications derived from each approach. Definitions of key terms and a discussion on the three principal schools of biological classification (evolutionary systematics, phenetics and cladistics) are included in this review. Second, this paper aims to encourage critical thinking and debate about the use of the cladistic classification approach for inferring and representing the historical relationships underpinning organizational diversity. This involves examining the feasibility of applying the logic of common ancestry to populations of organizations. Consequently, this paper is exploratory and preparatory in style, with illustrations and assertions concerning the study and classification of organizational diversity.     

Information infrastructure: Who builds broadband networks?

This paper examines the essential difference between the U.S. and Japan, when one considers information infrastructure. There are seven perception gaps between the U.S. and Japan concerning Information Infrastructure policies. These gaps must be understood in order to compare the countries' governmental policies in this area. In looking at the present circumstances, the essential question to answer concerns who is to build, own and operate the network(s) of the infrastructure. Liberalization is certain to be a central factor in the ongoing telecommunications debates. Now that customers have had a taste of the liberalized market-place, the movement toward more open markets will be difficult to stop. When considering options, it is necessary to pay close attention to standardized network access and the increasingly important role software plays. These issues are causing us to take a new approach to the traditional role played by regulators. They also force a closer look at the appropriate structure of utility companies. This paper addresses the above issues in hopes of stimulating dialog on the new telecommunications infrastructure paradigm.     

Nonlinearity in Stock Exchange Markets: The Case of Bist 100 Indices

In this paper,using data for the Bist 100 index,we investigate the presence of nonlinearities by employing several nonlinearity tests.The Brock,Dechert,and Sche...     

Solidified Branding Function: How the Urban Brand Affects a Small Town’s Development? Case Study of Wangqingtuo,Tianjin, China

Chinese small towns are usually developed with single core industry,and the urban brand is the identity of a town that formed with the development of its indust...     

海岛地区产业演替及资源基础分析--以舟山群岛为例

改革开放以来,舟山市产业构成发生了显著变化,其经济发展过程可以划分为三个阶段。1992年前,是以产业结构渔业占绝对地位的单一结构阶段;1993—1998年,以旅游业为主的第三产业快速发展阶段;上世纪末以来,又进入了新一轮的经济发展时期,即工业产值比重快速增加阶段。根据海岛的自然资源基础和特点,在新世纪的经济发展过程中,舟山市应定位为生态型的港口旅游城市。以港口及临港工业为主导,以海岛旅游和海洋经济为特色,大力发展第二产业和第三产业。海岛地区的主导产业应体现海岛资源优势及区位优势,以集群性环保型产业为主。同时由于海岛地区淡水资源缺乏,主导产业也应着重选择低耗水型产业。