Whose Responsibility? The Role of Bouncers in Policing the Public Spaces of Nightlife Districts

This article, based on interviews with bouncers and on ethnographic observations in two nightlife districts in the centre of two Dutch cities, Utrecht and Rotterdam, shows that public–private collaboration reveals ways of controlling public space that differ from traditional ways of policing. It demonstrates that plural policing does not automatically imply greater responsibility of private actors towards public (nightlife) spaces. A history of mistrust of private security, bouncers' increasingly ambiguous working conditions and the high levels of surveillance bouncers are subject to result in bouncers rather focusing on protecting the nightclub for which they are responsible and guaranteeing their own safety within the surveillance network, than on venturing out into public spaces to ‘protect and assure visitors' safety', as is assumed in Safe Nightlife Policies.     

Contested Development: Homeless Property,Police Reform,and Resistance in Skid Row,LA

Since the late 1990s, Downtown Los Angeles’ Skid Row has undergone private and state‐sanctioned policing practices within the fifty‐block neighborhood. These policing practices are fueled by increased commercial and real‐estate development to dispossess and contain the mostly Black homeless and housed residents. Grassroots organizations and residents have responded to gentrification‐induced policing by claiming a homeless right to property, transforming neighborhood politics. This article examines these neighborhood politics as a process of contested development. Contested development reveals the push‐and‐pull contradictions that occur when spatial difference is challenged and reproduced. Through the sphere of urban property, the contested development of property in Skid Row restores or resists the generation of spatial difference. In so doing, the claims of homeless residents and grassroots organizations to a right to property engender transformative police reforms while at the same time igniting revanchist policing methods.     

The effect of spatiotemporal resolution on predictive policing model performance

Being able to anticipate crime such that new crime events can be dealt with effectively or prevented entirely, leads police forces worldwide to look at applying predictive policing, which provides predictions of times and places at risk for crime, such that proactive preventative measures can be taken. Ideally, predictive policing models predict crime at a high spatio-temporal level, while also providing optimal prediction performance. The main objective of this paper is therefore to evaluate the impact of varying grid resolution, temporal resolution and historical time frame on prediction performance. To investigate this, we analyse home burglary data from a large city in Belgium and predict new crime events using a range of parameter values, comparing the resulting prediction performances. Given the potential prediction performance costs associated with prediction at a high spatio-temporal resolution, consideration should be given to balance practical requirements with performance requirements.     

Policing Urban Natures: Conservation Officer Work in Ottawa and Toronto,Canada

Drawing on the results of interviews and access to information requests, we explore conservation officer work in two urban regions in one Canadian province (Ontario). Specifically, we examine the work of the federal‐level National Capital Commission (NCC) in Ottawa and the provincial‐level Toronto and Region Conservation Authority (TRCA). Applying Jessop, Brenner and Jones's model of socio‐spatial relations, we show how nature plays a different role in NCC and TRCA policing depending on the places their conservation officers work in, the kinds of territorial boundary maintenance in which they engage, the scaling of their activities in various jurisdictions, and the policing networks that they are part of. In assessing the place of nature in conservation officers' work, we contribute to debates about how the boundary between nature and the urban is produced through regulatory practices.     

THE EFFECT OF POLICING STRATEGIES: EVIDENCE FROM THE USA

Changes in policing strategies in the USA during the 1990s coincided with a significant decline in crime, particularly in New York City. However, academic research has shown that policing strategies played a relatively minor role in reducing crime in comparison with other factors.     

Conflict of Interest in Policing and the Public Sector

Abstract

Conflicts of interest are a key factor in the contemporary decline of trust in government and public institutions, eroding public trust in government and democratic systems. Drawing on two unique empirical studies involving policing and the broader public sector, this paper explores the meaning and dimensions of conflict of interest by examining public complaints about conflict of interest and providing distinctive insights into the nature of conflict of interest as a problem for public sector ethics. The paper analyses and explores appropriate regulatory and management approaches for conflict of interest, focusing on three elements: (1) dealing with private interests that are identifiably problematic in the way they clash with the duties of public officials; (2) managing conflicts as they arise in the course of public sector work (manifested in preferential and adverse treatment, and other problematic areas); and (3) developing ethical and accountable organisational cultures. It is concluded that effective and meaningful public sector ethics in the pursuit of the public interest must be based on an ethos of social accountability and a commitment to prioritise the public interest in both fact and appearance.     

POLICING IN THE UK AND USA: A BRIEF COMPARISON

The relative advantages and disadvantages of approaches to policing in the UK and USA can be traced back to their different methods of funding and organisation. However, in both cases, the community role is essential for the future of successful policing.     

A PEOPLE'S POLICE FOR THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY: A REPLY TO BLUNDELL

John Blundell's ideas for structural change could undermine the strengths of British policing. Nevertheless, there is a need for decentralisation and more local control.     

POLICING A LIBERAL SOCIETY

Better policing can only come by devolving accountability and responsibility. This, combined with decentralisation and privatisation where possible, will create an environment where innovation flourishes and good practice is copied. There are many lessons from the USA which could usefully be adopted by the UK.     

RESEARCH ON THE MOTION PICTURE INDUSTRY: STATE OF THE ART AND NEW DIRECTIONS OFF THE BEATEN TRACK AWAY FROM THEATRICAL RELEASE

The motion picture industry has been subject of extensive academic research over the last decades. However, most scholars focused on the U.S. theatrical motion picture market. The number of research activities regarding even more profitable release windows, such as home video or television, has been substantially lower. Although international distribution is essential for a motion picture project to break even, there has been little significant re-search on most other markets. This paper aims at summarizing the current state of research on the motion picture industry, particularly from marketing and management perspective, revealing research gaps, and proposing recommendations for future research endeavors. Therefore, a three-pillar scheme is developed to systemize previous findings: Research on intraorganizational decision making, contractual relationships between national stakeholders, and international market competition are differentiated. Since these insights are mainly derived from U.S. theatrical exhibition, they can hardly be applied to other markets and exhibition windows. Thus, potential research areas are identified to expand knowledge of posttheatrical and international markets.     

THE PROCESS ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE

The concept of the PROCESS ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE (P.O.S.) represents an attempt to take current systems-oriented organizational theory one step further. The P.O.S. is viewed as an additional type of organizational structure, existing and operating in the organizational space, side by side and integratively with the formal and informal organizational structures. Its characteristics are identified and analyzed, and a multi-dimensional process framework designed to fit all organizations is outlined. The framework's contribution to our understanding of organizational structure and dynamics is indicated, as well as its potential usefulness as a tool for theory and practice.     

THE INTERPRETATION OF ORGANIZATION: A CONTEMPORARY ANALYSIS AND CRITIQUE*

This article is concerned with examining the development of interest in organizational interpretation (exemplified by a decade of analyses of culture and symbolism in organization) as a rhetorical and philosophical episode in Organization Studies. the presumed ‘productivity’ of this recently developed arena of Organization Studies, for both the theory and practice of organization, is carefully considered through the discussion of a broad range of work from the past decade. This body of work is examined as a ‘genre’ of Organization Studies that both manifests particular issues for interpretation and articulates particular styles of representation. The article argues that the rise of interest in organizational interpretation represents a late-modern phase in Organization Studies, whereby traditional priorities and subordinations in the theory and practice of organization have been rewritten and renewed. In this way, organizational interpretation has come to articulate the most recent form of avant-garde activity in the continuing modernization of Organization Studies. In contrast, the article concludes with the consideration of a theory and practice for such work which would contribute to the articulation of a postmodern Organization Studies.     

Likelihood‐Based Inference and Prediction in Spatio‐Temporal Panel Count Models for Urban Crimes

We develop a panel count model with a latent spatio‐temporal heterogeneous state process for monthly severe crimes at the census‐tract level in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Our dataset combines Uniform Crime Reporting data with socio‐economic data. The likelihood is estimated by efficient importance sampling techniques for high‐dimensional spatial models. Estimation results confirm the broken‐windows hypothesis whereby less severe crimes are leading indicators for severe crimes. In addition to ML parameter estimates, we compute several other statistics of interest for law enforcement such as spatio‐temporal elasticities of severe crimes with respect to less severe crimes, out‐of‐sample forecasts, predictive distributions and validation test statistics. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

门窗工程造价组成分析研究

基于造价分析的视角探讨了组成门窗工程造价各部分的组成,即门窗工程造价由材料费(含合理的损耗、成品保护材料)、人工费、机械费以及运卸费、管理费、利润、及税金以及一定的风险费组成。材料费细化为组成门窗工程的主材及所有辅材、五金及紧固件。人工费细化包括制作人工、现场安装人工(含落手清人工),机械费细化包括制作机械费、现场安装机械费。     

谈《物流管理基础》课程的教学设计

对《物流管理基础》课程进行教学设计旨在打破传统的教学模式,全力提升学生的综合职业素养。为此应打破传统的学科体系,以知识、技能、实际应用为主线,将＂理论与实践相融合、任务与岗位相融合、能力与角色相融合＂,以项目做引领、以任务为驱动,重新架构教学内容。通过两年多的教学实验和对比,实践表明,新的教学设计既利于学生综合职业素养的生成,又有利于学生的持续成长,完全符合当前高职教育的新理念。     

国外休闲和旅游规划理论及案例分析

目前国外形成了在功能、方法等方面与旅游规划存在明显差异的新型规划:休闲和旅游规划。休闲和旅游规划分为总体规划和专项规划两种类型,二者在理论和路径上各有差异。在具体分析国外休闲和旅游规划理论与实践的基础上,对法国和荷兰在休闲和旅游规划实践领域方面的探索经验进行了分析。     

带时间窗约束的配载车辆调度问题研究

运用启发式算法求解带时间窗约束的配载车辆调度问题。借鉴多重旅行商问题的模型结构,建立配载车辆调度模型。通过改进C-K节约算法,在线路连接过程中插入时间窗约束和车辆容量约束的检验子程序,排除不符合约束条件的线路构形,构造求解调度模型的启发式算法。并给出算例,验证调度模型和启发式算法的可行性。     

电子商务领域校企合作培养创新人才的研究

人才培养的理论方向与人才的实际应用方向,一直在高校教育与社会实践中不能完全吻合,当高校的教育高于社会实践时,则学而不能致用;反之,当高校的教育不能紧随社会的发展时,则学而无用,企业反而要自行培养人才。所以产学研用合作培养创新人才就显得尤其重要。这一矛盾在电子商务领域显得尤为突出。文章针对电子商务就业实践领域存在的瓶颈问题进行探讨,以求解决之道。     

浅谈高职院校的市场营销教学改革

高职院校担负着为社会培养面向生产、经营、服务第一线的高素质应用型、技能型专门人才的任务,因此我们必须改革传统的教学模式,实行一体化教学,工学结合,使学生边学边做,边做边学,才能使学生迅速将理论转化为实践技能,培养出一批适应社会需求的高素质技能型专业人才。     

人力资源管理激励理论应用研究

人力资源管理是顺应市场经济快速发展需求的各企业、单位、部门重要管理手段,是其持续发展、实现核心经营目标的关键因素。基于人力资源管理重要性及激励理论在其管理实践中的重要内涵,本文探讨了激励基本理论、人力资源管理实践中存在的现实问题以及完善的人力资源管理激励理论应用措施,对激发人力资源管理优势、提升激励理论正面效应有积极有效的促进作用。