震后旅游目的地重建过程中融资模式的研究

汶川大地震后,四川的旅游业作为灾后重建的重要工程,在目的地重建中选好融资模式,是恢复整个旅游产业链的关键点.本文通过真实数据阐述了汶川地震后四川旅游业面临的具体问题,有利于理清灾后重建的基本思路,结合人与自然的和谐发展,提出基于高效、快速、低成本的多元化的重建融资模式,为推动四川旅游业的全面复苏创造良好的基础条件.     

地名在风景名胜区的应用

文章全面介绍了中国以风景名胜命名政区的历史与现状，对其中合理与不合理的原因进行了分析，尤其对徽州地区改名黄山市带来的负面影响进行了深入分析，并据此对风景名胜区发展提出了几条建议。     

关于当前多媒体教学中教师角色的思考——以旅游教育教学为例

多媒体教学是对传统教学方式的一场革新 ,新的教学环境和教学方式要求教师必须明确自身角色。本文针对目前多媒体教学中存在的问题 ,以旅游教育教学为例 ,从思想认识、技术水平和管理制度三个方面入手 ,分析了多媒体教学中教师的角色 ,提出了相应的建议 ,期望有助于促进多媒体教学应用     

浅谈风景名胜区内旅游索道存在的合理性

自1979年以来,我国旅游客运索道从无到有,迅速发展至目前的近300条,全国绝大多数风景名胜区都建有或正在修建索道,为促进景区交通运输现代化和旅游业的发展起到了积极作用。然而,并非各方面人士都认同旅游索道这一新生事物。针对不断传出的反对者的批驳声,本人谨以山东泰山旅游索道股份有限公司的自身实践对反对意见中的几点误区加以分析,以阐述旅游客运索道在风景名胜区内存在的合理性。     

Redefining the Recruitment Niche for the Guide Association in the United Kingdom

This article shows how the concept of a recruitment niche can be valuable in understanding the difficulties the Guide Association in the United Kingdom has in recruiting new volunteers. Understanding Guiding as career volunteering, within serious leisure, shows how the distinctive ethos of the existing volunteers contributes to the social construction of the recruitment niche. The defining boundaries of the niche restrict the ability to recruit new volunteers. Thus the article gives an example of how a recruitment niche for a voluntary organization can be defined using the socially constructed ethos of volunteers involved in career volunteering rather than by characteristics such as level of educational attainment. It also demonstrates the implications of this for voluntary organizations wishing to increase recruitment.     

旅游合同一方当事人的认定探微

谁是旅游合同的当事人？这是摆在法院面前的一个既简单又复杂的问题。文章从旅游合同纠纷的实际案例出发,试图解决作为复杂问题的旅游合同一方当事人的认定难题。尽管赞同法院裁决时否定单位的旅游合同当事人资格的做法,但不接受其裁决理由,并提出了两种诠释路径：一种是基于现行法制,否定单位具有旅游合同当事人资格的正当性;另一种是面向未来,通过完善立法,承认单位是旅游合同当事人,但赋予作为受益人的旅游者直接请求权。前者适用我国《合同法》有关间接代理的条款,认定单位不是当事人,只是旅游者的代理人;后者建议完善《合同法》有关利他合同的规定,立法确认旅游者作为受益人得就其损害向旅行社提出违约赔偿。     

Tourism, the world and the Caribbean

Tourism contributes significantly to the Caribbean economy and a strategy to exploit the industry's potential must be tailored to world trends at macro and micro levels. The composition of the market is changing and bookings are becoming dominated by fewer, larger companies able to exclude smaller carriers and tour operators not participating in the computer reservations systems. Worldwide recession has retarded the growth of the tourism industry and aggressive marketing by the USA and others provides fierce competition for the Caribbean. The Caribbean Tourism Organization (CTO) seeks to enhance the local prospects.     

目的地开发的市场问题

目的地的市场行为已越来越成为激烈的全球范围内的竞争行为。本文解释了与目的地有关的一些概念,并介绍了几个关于目的地管理和市场策略的理论模型。通过几个模型的综合运用分析,作者强调了目的地市场行为中产品细分,公共部门和私有部门合作,以及协调各利益集团物关系和当地资源可持续性利用的重要性。此外,作者还指出新技术和互联网络也是提高目的地竞争力的一种有效方式。总之,目的地的市场行为应突出优化旅游业影响和保证目的地各方获利的原则。     

Taking the Classroom into the Real World

Abstract

The increase in number of international tourist arrivals, the holding of the Olympic Games in Sydney in 2000, and a solid domestic tourism industry has had an effect on the meetings, incentive, convention, and exhibition (MICE) industry in Australia, worth A$7 billion in 1996/1997. To meet this increasing demand from the industry to train professionals for the tourism and hospitality industry, some institutions are offering specialized subjects to prepare students for employment in the MICE industry. One of the inherent problems in teaching such a subject is to introduce a practical and experiential element. This has been addressed successfully over the past two years by offering students an opportunity to take part as delegates attending a specifically designed conference while spending a night at one of the many 5-star international hotel properties with convention facilities on the Gold Coast. In 1999, 135 students stayed at an international 5-star hotel, with the hotel cooperating with the university to provide a full-day conference on conference management, including hotel inspections and workshops. Students were assessed on their experiences at the hotel with the completion of a semester report and a questionnaire on the perceptions of their stay. Almost three-fourths of the students surveyed responded that they had benefited from the visit by being able to apply theoretical concepts to real life scenarios and that this enhanced their individual understanding of the subject.     

Identifying the Dimensions of the Experience Construct

SUMMARY

This article proposes a holistic, three phase model structured to incorporate the major components of the Experience construct. While speculation about what constitutes an experience abound, the complex relationship among value, service quality, satisfaction, and experience is in its infancy. Before this relationship can be fully examined, dimensions of these four critical components need to be incorporated into a unified, holistic model that includes the three primary constructs of Service Quality, Value, and Satisfaction. This article focuses on the first challenge by developing a model and offering some propositions to encourage future research about the experience construct in hospitality.     

‘From the Flames to the Light’: 100 years of the commodification of the dark tourist site around the Verdun battlefield

In order to contribute to research on dark tourism, this article details the process of commodification of a dark site by adopting a supply approach. We empirically apply the dark tourism spectrum (Stone, 2006) to the battlefield of Verdun in France from 1916 to 2016. In doing so, we shed light on the relationship between the temporal distance from the tragic event and potential economic exploitation. Our findings reveal that commodification is possible from the very creation of the site and becomes more complex as temporal distance increases, notably due to the multiplicity of stakeholders and their incompatible interests. Our results contribute to the improvement of the dark spectrum; we add the stakeholders' structure as a new and dynamic attribute.     

Framing the land of the Northern Lights

The development of affinities between the production and consumption of people and place is crucial for tourism development. We trouble front and backstage distinctions to examine how destinations are framed and critically explore the power of the imaginary in shaping how individuals apprehend and in turn create social worlds. Combining critical discourse analysis with stakeholder interviews, we scrutinise an influential television travel documentary as an instrument of cultural pedagogy, which recycles, recreates and re-enacts the tourism imaginary. The paper's distinctive contribution is to show the multiple means through which travel journalism enrols tourists through imagined portrayals of people and place within globalised cultural texts by highlighting the multi-dimensional workings of power in and through a framing of Northern Norway.     

试论产业发展进程中的旅游区(点)

在简要回顾中国旅游产业发展进程的基础上,本文对旅游业发展态势与旅游区(点)建设、经营和管理之间的互动关系做了重点分析,指出了在产业发展进程中旅游区(点)存在的问题,并有针对性地提出了相关的对策与建议.     

餐饮企业菜肴质量管理浅议

从菜肴的质量控制流程的各个环节,即采购→验收→入库→领用→加工→烹调→装盘→上桌来探讨如何管理好企业的菜肴质量。     

旅游市场信息不对称及政府行为

旅游市场信息不对称现象具有特定的表现形式,它的存在是旅行社不正当竞争的“温床”,严重制约了旅游市场由数量管理向质量管理的根本转变。改善旅游市场的信息不对称现象,是规范旅游市场,保证旅游业可持续发展和更好地开展旅游营销的要求,同时也是旅游城市树立形象、塑造品牌的关键一步。本文指出,在完善旅游市场信息的过程中,政府旅游管理部门大有文章可做。     

中国旅游产业结构变迁对旅游经济增长的影响

文章从产业结构合理化和高级化两个维度考察了中国旅游产业结构变迁的特征,通过构建计量模型分析了旅游产业结构变迁对中国旅游经济增长的影响,并验证了该影响的可靠性。结果表明:(1)整体看我国旅游产业结构的高级化程度在提升、合理化程度在波动中下降,但区域差异明显;(2)旅游产业结构变迁对我国旅游经济增长的影响具有区域普遍性和持久性,但影响力在下降;(3)旅游产业结构变迁对旅游经济增长影响力的大小具有时段性特征,但比较而言,旅游产业结构合理化是推动旅游经济增长的基础性动力。针对上述结论,文章进一步讨论了其成因并提出了相关建议。     

Evaluating the sustainability of the gray-whale-watching industry along the pacific coast of North America

This paper reports on the first study to critically examine the sustainability of whale-watching practices along the entire migratory range of a pelagic baleen whale species, the gray whale (Eschrichtius robustus). Commercial boat-based whale-watching operations along the west coast of North America were observed for sustainable practices. Data recorded aboard whale-watching vessels and collected via an online survey were integrated into the Lean Six Sigma quality-improvement tool, in order to review business processes and identify where inefficiency or ineffectiveness exists in specific phases within a process. Whale-watching practices were analyzed using this method for 24 whale-watching companies operating in Canada, the United States and Mexico. The results show a high level of variation in management regimes, and operator non-compliance with guidelines, and highlight avenues to eliminate, revise or reduce inefficiency, and improve practices in the interests of high-quality and sustainable operations. We recommend more specific and operational guidelines that allow operators to focus on high compliance with the most critical aspects of their business operation in order to build the sustainability of commercial tourist interactions with gray whales in their migratory range.     

COVID-19 and the aviation industry: The interrelationship between the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic and the frequency of flights on the EU market

This study aims to investigate the contribution of aviation related travel restrictions to control the spread of COVID-19 in Europe by using quasi-experiment approaches including the regression discontinuity design and a two-stage spatial Durbin model with an instrumental variable. The study provides concrete evidence that the severe curtailing of flights had a spontaneous impact in controlling the spread of COVID-19. The counterfactual analysis encapsulated the spillover effects deduced that a 1% decrease in flight frequency can decrease the number of confirmed cases by 0.908%. The study also reveals that during the lockdown, the aviation industry cancelled over 795,000 flights, which resulted in averting an additional six million people being from being infected and saving 101,309 lives.