JIT Adoption: The Effects of LIFO Reserves and Financial Reporting and Tax Incentives*

Using matched samples of JIT adopters and nonadopters, we examine the association of JIT adoption with firms' financial reporting and tax incentives, earnings‐management histories, and LIFO reserve levels. We find evidence that adoption decisions are influenced by the interaction of firms' LIFO reserves with their income smoothing, debt covenant, and tax incentives. We also find that adoption is less likely for firms historically engaging in high degrees of earnings management, particularly when such firms have no substantial LIFO reserves. Our study extends earlier research demonstrating a relation between inventory valuation method and year‐end inventory transactions, and documents a relation between earnings‐management incentives and a fundamental supply‐chain design choice.     

人口老龄化与劳动生产率的量化关系研究

在理论分析上,将劳动生产率和人口老龄化引入索洛经济增长模型,利用数理推导得出老龄化与劳动生产率存在非线性关系.实证层面上,基于2000-2017年省级面板数据,通过面板固定效应回归以及面板门槛回归分析了老龄化对劳动生产率的影响.研究结果表明:一、老龄化与劳动生产率存在“U”型曲线关系,二者现阶段处于“U”型曲线的左侧,...     

Accounting for Flexibility and Efficiency: A Field Study of Management Control Systems in a Restaurant Chain*

While some field studies have suggested that management control systems can be used simultaneously to make organizations more efficient and more flexible, the contingency literature has found it difficult to address this issue in the absence of a clear and comprehensive typology for analyzing more processual uses of management control systems. This paper distinguishes between enabling and coercive (Adler and Borys 1996) uses of management control systems. Coercive use refers to the stereotypical top‐down control approach that emphasizes centralization and preplanning. In contrast, enabling use seeks to put employees in a position to deal directly with the inevitable contingencies in their work. The design principles that underlie the enabling use of management control systems are repair, internal transparency, global transparency, and flexibility. Through a detailed analysis of a single‐case field study carried out over a two‐year period, we illustrate how management pursued the objectives of efficiency and flexibility by using management control systems in enabling ways. We suggest that the four design principles of enabling use can facilitate field studies of management control systems, but that they can also be used to define an enabling typology for contingency researchers to analyze the ways in which organizations simultaneously pursue efficiency and flexibility through their management control systems.     

Relationship between Managerial Compensation and Business Performance in Japan: New Evidence Using Micro Data*

This paper examines the relationship between the level of managerial compensation and the quality of corporate governance in Japan in the period following the bubble burst of 1991–1995. There are three main findings. First, Japanese firms with weaker governance have greater agency problems in that managerial opportunism extracts higher compensation and the firm performs relatively worse. Second, these agency problems were more severe during the recessionary period of 1994–1995. Finally, governance structures in industries with higher managerial compensation are relatively weaker than in other industries.     

Interaction between Foreign and Domestic Investors in the Korean Stock and Futures Markets*

The present paper analyzes the behavioral relations of major investor groups in the stabilized Korean stock and futures markets after the 1997 Asian financial crisis. Investor groups cannot be classified as positive or negative feedback traders on market returns when both stock and futures markets are considered, which is inconsistent with the results in Ghysels and Seon (2005). Foreign investors and domestic institutions tend to take opposite positions in both markets. The impact of foreign investors on the basis change is significantly negative in the futures market, whereas domestic institutions have a negative relation in the stock market. This supports the view that selling activity of foreign investors in the futures market pulls the futures price down compared with the index value and, consequently, induces the reverse cash‐and‐carry trade of domestic institutions. This relationship, which negatively influenced the Korean economy during the crisis, as shown in Ghysels and Seon (2005), still exists in the Korean financial markets.     

Study of the Measurement and Determinants of Intra‐industry Trade in East Asia*

The present paper investigates the development of intra‐industry trade (IIT) among the East Asian economies over the 1970–1996 period. A dynamic index is used to capture the changes in the structure of trade flows. Based on this approach, IIT is decomposed into horizontal (HIIT) and vertical components (VIIT) and the determinants of each are investigated. The results show that both HIIT and VIIT have exhibited increased importance over the sample period in manufacturing. Using pooled panel data the two‐way trade in all measures of IIT is found to be positively related to the country‐specific variables, such as the market size, exhange rate depreciation, the levels of development and income, and negatively to the geographic proximity of the partners. Economies of scale are seen to have a positive influence on IIT and HIIT, but a negative relationship with VIIT. Although the relative openness of a country's trade regime shows no significant relationship with any form of IIT, a trade imbalance does affect IIT and HIIT flows. The findings have implications for assessing the structural adjustment costs associated with the trade liberalization process as HIIT is associated with demand for variety and relates to two‐way trade in goods of similar quality, while VIIT is driven by international specialization and differences in relative factor endowments.     

The Link between Earnings Conservatism and the Price‐to‐Book Ratio*

We hypothesize and find that (1) earnings conservatism, the tendency of firms to recognize bad news in earnings on a more timely basis than good news, is substantially greater in portfolios of firms with lower price‐to‐book ratios than in portfolios of firms with higher price‐to‐book ratios; and (2) the negative association between earnings conservatism and the price‐to‐book ratio stems primarily from the accrual component of earnings, not the operating cash flow component of earnings. Our results suggest that studies using earnings‐returns associations to investigate cross‐sectional or time‐series differences in earnings conservatism risk drawing erroneous inferences unless the research designs control for cross‐sectional or time‐series variation in price‐to‐book ratios.     

从公共管理与工商管理的区别看政府绩效评估

公共管理和工商管理都具有管理学的基本特征,即二者都需要通过计划、组织、指挥、协调、控制等手段以达到资源的有效配置.但是,公共管理与工商管理毕竟是性质不同的两种管理,只看到其共性而否认其特殊性是错误的、有害的.因此,比较和分析二者对政府绩效评估的影响是必要的,可以改善政府的绩效评估.     

The Association between the Legal and Financial Reporting Environments and Forecast Performance of Individual Analysts*

We test the ability of analyst characteristics to explain relative forecast accuracy across legal origins (common law versus civil law). Common‐law countries generally have more effective corporate governance mechanisms, including stronger investor protection laws and inputs provided through higher‐quality financial reporting systems. In this type of environment, we predict that analysts with superior ability and resources in common‐law countries will more consistently outperform their peers because appropriate market‐based incentives exist. In civil‐law countries, where the demand for earnings information is reduced because of weaker corporate governance mechanisms and lower‐quality financial reporting, we predict that analysts with superior ability will less consistently provide superior forecasts. Results are consistent with our expectations and suggest an association between legal and financial reporting environments and analysts' forecast behavior.     

国有煤炭企业的安全问题和经理人的关系

国有煤炭企业在我国的经济发展中发挥着重要作用,但是煤炭企业的安全生产问题一直比较突出,在煤炭企业的安全生产中,经理人起着重要作用。文章从经理人角度分析了煤炭企业安全事故的深层原因,并且提出了相关建议。     

江苏省银行业发展与经济增长关系实证分析

依据金融发展与经济增长相关理论,以江苏省为研究对象,选取1995-2012年的年度数据,以实际人均GDP、银行业规模和银行业效率等变量来衡量经济增长与银行金融机构发展的关系。结果表明：江苏省银行业规模与经济增长之间呈正相关关系,而银行业效率与经济增长间呈负相关关系。基于实证分析结果,提出江苏银行业发展的相关建议。     

新疆与中亚地区经贸关系的战略思考

本文依据传统的比较优势理论和现代的新贸易理论,认为新疆与中亚地区经贸关系既要重视比较优势的作用,充分发挥比较优势和有利的地缘优势,又要从长远出发,在中亚区域经济合作中争取有利的规模经济优势,逐步建立在中亚市场的竞争优势。以此为思路,提出了新疆与中亚地区经贸关系的战略目标、重点和对策。     

“嵌入性”视角下企业战略变革与短期变革绩效关系研究

企业战略变革对保持持续竞争优势至关重要,但理论界对战略变革能否促进企业绩效一直存在争议。本研究聚焦于企业演化理论,从资源依赖和社会网络角度进行阐述,探索企业战略变革对短期绩效的影响。运用上市公司2008—2012年连锁董事全网络数据,对2 055家公司进行实证检验,结果发现:(1)由于企业演化过程具有路径依赖特征,企业战略变革对短期绩效有消极作用;(2)企业内部丰富的冗余资源为企业战略变革提供了资源"缓冲"作用,有效缓解了战略变革对企业短期绩效的负面影响;(3)异质性行业连接为企业偏离行业主流战略提供了异质性资源支持,有效缓解了战略背离对企业短期绩效的消极作用;(4)同质性行业连接为企业偏离自身战略提供了相对稳定的行业内部环境,有效缓解了战略变动对企业短期绩效的消极作用;(5)董事会互动频率越高,越有利于企业高效利用蕴含在网络中的资源,从而有效缓解战略变动对企业短期绩效的消极作用。本研究为企业战略变革和短期绩效的现实困惑提供了基于实践和理论的双重指导作用。     

农村金融发展与农业技术进步关系实证研究：以广东省为例

基于1982－2010年广东省统计数据,运用C－D生产函数模型和索洛余值法测算农业技术进步水平时间序列,结合农村金融发展衡量指标,实证分析农村金融发展与农业技术进步关系。结果表明：尽管广东农村金融发展与农业技术进步存在长期均衡协整关系,但二者仅具有单向格兰杰因果联系,即农业技术进步是农村金融发展效率的Granger原因,而农村金融发展规模和效率均不是农业技术进步的Granger原因。故广东农村金融发展与农业技术进步间良性互动机制尚未形成。     

兵团产业结构与经济规模关系的实证分析

产业结构的演进与经济规模扩大之间具有密切的联系。本文基于协整理论和格兰杰因果关系检验理论,利用1980年-008年的时间序列数据对兵团产业结构与经济规模间的关系进行实证分析。研究结果表明,兵团产业结构与经济规模之间存在着长期稳定的均衡关系,二者之间互为因果关系。     

煤炭消费、城镇化与产业结构的动态关系研究——以我国中西部地区为例

本文基于2000年—2019年我国中西部地区17个省区市的煤炭消费、城镇化、产业结构高级化和产业结构合理化面板数据,构建面板向量自回归模型,分析四者之间的互动影响关系。结果表明:城镇化是煤炭消费的格兰杰原因,城镇化对煤炭消费有先促进后抑制的效应;煤炭消费是产业结构高级化的格兰杰原因,煤炭消费对产业结构高级化有长期抑制效应;产业结构高级化是产业结构合理化和城镇化的格兰杰原因,对产业结构合理化和城镇化均有长期抑制效应。因此,中国应推动高质量城镇化发展,不断优化调整产业结构,形成良性循环,控制煤炭消费。     

基于协整分析的东北区域产业结构优化与金融支持关系研究

基于1978—2003年的统计数据,采用协整关系检验法和格兰杰(Granger)因果检验法对东北地区金融发展与产业结构优化之间的关系进行了实证检验。分析结果表明东北区域产业结构优化与金融发展之间存在长期动态均衡关系及单向因果关系,即金融发展对东北区域产业结构优化具有支持作用,从而为政府经济决策提供了政策依据。