Slack,natural slack,and location covering

This paper presents a goal programming approach to location covering and contrasts the resultant models with other covering formulations. One of the primary differences between the models forwarded in this paper and those of previous studies in the notion of slack and natural slack in the definition of coverage relations. Our approach takes advantage of the latter concept, natural slack, and produces a location covering form which is more flexible in the determination of objective functions than that of other formulations. Furthermore, we show how the goal programming framework adopted herein allows consideration of a wider range of location covering policy issues.     

The Moses-Predöhl pull and the neoclassical location theory : An alternative approach

This paper shows that the appearance of the controversial Moses-Prednhl pull is due to the two-stage approach (the separation of the production decision and the location decision) which has been applied in the neoclassical location theory. It also shows the Moses-Prednhl pull is zero by using the well-known envelope theorem in the two-stage approach. Furthermore, it provides an alternative approach to show the Moses-Prednhl pull is zero by considering the production decison and the location decision simultaneously.     

仓库选址重心法在物流实训教学中的研究与应用

在物流职业教学中研究与应用仓库选址重心法，并通过物流实训教学学会物流专业学生应用仓库选址重心法，目的是让学生掌握仓库选址重心法运用能力。仓库选址重心法在物流实训教学中的研究与应用主要分成：前期准备，教学中的应用．面临问题的研究等三步进行．着重阐述了重心法在物流实训教学中应用的步骤，并利用重心法理论最佳选址位置理论的公式得出的结果与利用仓库选址重心法追求总配送成本最小的公式实训得出结果进行对比，分析理论选址结果与实训选址之间偏差的原因，     

Modal choice,location demand,and income

W. Alonso's monocentric city model (″Location and Land Use,″ Harvard Univ. Press, Cambridge, Mass. (1964)) is extended to explain the simultaneous choice of residential location, housing quantity, and work trip mode. Mode is conceived of as a continuous choice variable, each mode being characterized by a speed and a fare. Mode is shown not to be independent of location, so that location “prices” should be included in the mode demand equations used in urban transportation planning. Comparative statics of the model with respect to income are presented. The earlier finding that the effect of income increase on location is indeterminate is confirmed.     

Location of health care facilities: An analytical approach

The problem of health facilities location is explored under a mathematical optimization approach. Several models are developed for the location of a generalized health facility system in a region in a manner that the selected criteria are optimized. Locational criteria are structured as a hierarchy of social, economic and political attributes and defined analytically using economic and utility theory. A planning framework, based on the models developed, is presented to aid the health planner in the formulation of health facility location decisions.     

A robust optimization approach for decontamination planning of emergency planning zone: Facility location and assignment plan

Establishing a robust facility location and assignment plan to improve the efficiency of the decontamination process is critical to alleviating the physical impact of the radiation leakage that occurs in a nuclear accident. This study develops an approach for optimizing the locations of decontamination facilities and assignments of affected villages. The approach is a robust optimization model that optimizes the worst-case performance. The system dynamic model is integrated into the robust optimization model to simulate the decontamination process and compute the decontamination time. A case study is conducted of the Plume Emergency Planning Zone in China. The results indicate that (1) a decontamination site location plan can be obtained in which each site is located in a different direction, (2) no evacuee will be allowed to travel across the downwind area in an assignment plan, and (3) a larger financial investment does not imply an increased decontamination efficiency. An appropriate budget exists that can balance the decontamination time and cost. The proposed model can assist decision makers in (i) better understanding the effects of decontamination site location and village assignment and (ii) deciding which location and assignment plans should be applied to cope with disruptive nuclear accidents.     

Location,Proximity, and M&A Transactions

In this paper, we examine how the geographic location of firms affects acquisition decisions and value creation for acquirers in takeover transactions. We find that firms located in an urban area are more likely to receive a takeover bid and complete a takeover transaction as a target than firms located in rural areas, and takeover deals involving an urban target are associated with higher acquirer announcement returns, after controlling for the proximity between the target and the acquirer. In addition, a target's urban location significantly attenuates the negative effect of a long distance between the target and the acquirer on acquirer returns, a fact that is documented in the existing literature. Our findings reveal a previously underexplored force—firm location—that can affect takeover transactions, in addition to proximity. Our paper suggests that a firm's location plays an important role in facilitating the dissemination of soft information and enhancing information‐based synergies.     

A survey of two-sample location-scale problem, asymptotic relative efficiencies of some rank tests

Here the parametric as well as the non parametric approach to the two-sample location-scale problem are reviewed. Special attention is paid to the quadratic form of the linear rank statistics for the location and the scale suggested by Lepage for testing this problem. Several such quadratic forms are compared through ARE computations.     

Capital,population and urban patterns

The author develops an approach to urban dynamics with endogenous capital and population growth, synthesizing the Alonso location model, the two-sector neoclassical growth model, and endogenous population theory. A dynamic model for an isolated island economy with endogenous capital, population, and residential structure is developed on the basis of Alonso's residential model and the two-sector neoclassical growth model. The model describes the interdependence between residential structure, economic growth, population growth, and economic structure over time and space. It has a unique long-run equilibrium, which may be either stable or unstable, depending upon the population dynamics. Applying the Hopf theorem, the author also shows that when the system is unstable, the economic geography exhibits permanent endogenous oscillations.     

M5 competition uncertainty: Overdispersion,distributional forecasting,GAMLSS, and beyond

The M5 competition uncertainty track aims for probabilistic forecasting of sales of thousands of Walmart retail goods. We show that the M5 competition data face strong overdispersion and sporadic demand, especially zero demand. We discuss modeling issues concerning adequate probabilistic forecasting of such count data processes. Unfortunately, the majority of popular prediction methods used in the M5 competition (e.g. lightgbm and xgboost GBMs) fail to address the data characteristics, due to the considered objective functions. Distributional forecasting provides a suitable modeling approach to overcome those problems. The GAMLSS framework allows for flexible probabilistic forecasting using low-dimensional distributions. We illustrate how the GAMLSS approach can be applied to M5 competition data by modeling the location and scale parameters of various distributions, e.g. the negative binomial distribution. Finally, we discuss software packages for distributional modeling and their drawbacks, like the R package gamlss with its package extensions, and (deep) distributional forecasting libraries such as TensorFlow Probability.     

一种改进的区域物流配送中心选址方法

物流配送中心的合理选址是物流系统中具有战略意义的投资决策问题，配送中心选址是否合理，对整个系统的物流合理化和商品流通的社会效益有着决定性的影响。本文提出了一种基于费用函数的改进的区域物流配送中心选址方法。其具有较强的可操作性及准确性，为选址模型的进一步开发提供了科学引证。     

Entrepreneur location decisions across industries

In this paper we analyse whether entrepreneur location decisions differ across industries and identify the factors determining the choice of location between rural and urban environments. Firm location is based on a new taxonomy developed over the influential three dimensions of Hayter’s (1997) approach. The paper uses data from sample of one thousand Portuguese firms. We present a stylized theoretical model to determine how these new five dimensions influence firm’s location and test the model through a logistic regression. Our results show that that the location decisions depend on the sector of activity, type of area (urban vs. rural) and the characteristics of the entrepreneur. We find that companies engaged in knowledge intensive business services prefer to locate in urban areas. From an institutional point of view, firms prefer to locate in rural areas.     

HEDONIC PRICE INDEXES FOR RESIDENTIAL HOUSING: A SURVEY,EVALUATION AND TAXONOMY

Every house is different. It is important that house price indexes take account of these quality differences. Hedonic methods which express house prices as a function of a vector of characteristics (such as number of bedrooms and bathrooms, land area and location) are particularly useful for this purpose. I consider here some developments in the hedonic methodology, as it is applied in a housing context, that have occurred in the last three decades. A number of hedonic house price indexes are now available. However, it is often difficult to see how these indexes relate to each other. For this reason I attempt to impose some structure on the literature by developing a taxonomy of hedonic indexes, and then show how existing indexes fit into this taxonomy. Also discussed are some promising areas for future research in the hedonic field. In particular, greater use needs to be made of spatial econometric and nonparametric methods to exploit the increased availability of geospatial data. The main criticisms of the hedonic approach are evaluated and compared with those of the repeat‐sales and stratified median methods. The overall conclusion is that the advantages of the hedonic approach outweigh its disadvantages.     

用Excel规划求解报亭选址问题

报亭的选址问题是一类目标优化问题,从采用精确重心方法来求解的数学模型来看,此目标问题是一个迭代型规划问题,不能直接用常规的Excel规划方法来求解。文中通过引入过渡变量来逐步进行迭代求解。在每一步通过比较前后2对坐标之间的误差,在有限的时间与迭代次数内,求解到了地址目标。求解结果与手工计算的相吻合。     

The urban housing market: A new approach for estimating demand for housing by dwelling type

A new approach for estimating urban housing demand by dwelling type is suggested and tested empirically. The approach is based on the assumption that households choose their residential location and dwelling type in a way to maximize the communal utility. The model used is the Dynamic General Linear Expenditure System which allows determination of (1) urban housing demand by dwelling type, and (2) expenditure and own- and cross-price elasticities (compensated and uncompensated).     

On the Endogeneous Formation of Secondary Employment Centers in a City

A new approach is proposed to explain the formation of secondary employment centers in a monocentric city. Specifically, a large firm considers locating a new plant in a city where none of the existing businesses has a significative share of the labor force, so that its location can be viewed as a secondary employment center. The choice of this location results from the interplay between the process of competition on both the labor and land markets and the technological externalities generated by the proximity of the city center where other firms are located.     

Locating fire stations: An integrated approach for Belgium

This paper illustrates the potential of a decision-support system developed for Belgium by a consortium of universities and a private firm, in the framework of a public call made by the Ministry of the Interior. The system is designed to provide the Belgian emergency management administration with a complete decision-aid tool for the location of fire stations. The originality of the project is that it includes a risk-modeling approach developed at a national scale. This analysis involves a multiscale GIS that includes a thorough representation of the physical, human and economic spatial realities, a risk-modeling approach, an adequate optimal location and allocation model (taking into account both queuing and staffing problems). The final result is an interactive operational tool for defining locations, equipment allocations, staffing, response times, the cost/efficiency trade-off, etc. This flexible tool can be used in an assessment as well as a prospective context. It has been used to draw a national reorganization plan for fire stations that started being implemented in 2010.     

Location and service mix decisions for a managed health care network

For managers of managed health care organizations, the problem of designing a competitive multiple facility network cannot be solved by existing mathematical models. This paper thus presents a nonlinear integer model for determining a facilities design strategy that embodies the economic tradeoffs encompassed in a competitive strategy: minimizing cost and maximizing market share. The integrated location and service mix model determines the number, location and service offerings of facilities that maximize profitability in a two-level hierarchical referral delivery network where an organization's market share is represented by a multiplicative competitive interaction model. To demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed integrated model, a series of problems is solved by an interchange heuristic and compared to the solutions derived by a simpler approach that ignores market competition.     

Spatial distribution of economic activities: a network approach

The aim of this paper is to analyse co-location patterns of manufactures and service industries at a microgeographic level using Spanish data from the Mercantile Register. Our approach allows us to analyse joint-location and co-location patterns of firms in different industries, and to overcome previous technical constraints in this type of analyses, partially thanks to using homogeneous cells instead of administrative units. This paper contributes to the empirical literature on industry location by developing a multisectorial co-location index computed by comparing differences between observed data about firms’ location and randomly generated data. Multisectorial relationships are analyzed by transposing bilateral relations onto an n-dimensional space. Our results show that dispersed industries tend to locate jointly and that industries with lower joint-location patterns have spatial structures similar to those obtained through input–output relationships, suggesting weak role of co-location patterns as interindustry linkages are not the main location determinants.

     

Location and the theory of production: A review,summary and critique of recent contributions

This paper has two main objectives. First, a generalized version of the Moses-type production- location model is developed where both the input variables and the location variables are allowed to adjust simultaneously. Secondly, the results of the recent articles relating to the Moses framework are discussed in the context of our generalized structure. We conclude that - unless one is willing to assume either the transport rate of output is zero or the location is constrained to be on the Moses arc - if transport rates do not depend on quantities shipped then location is independent of output when the production function is homogeneous of degree one. If transport rates depend on quantities shipped (e.g. quantity discounts), then a production function which is linearly homogeneous is not sufficient to insure that location is independent of output unless the transport rate functions have constant elasticities.