中外合资企业资产评估增值处理方法分析

在研究国家相关税收法律、法规和政策的基础上,结合中外合资项目的税务实践,对中外合资企业资产评估增值处理方法进行了分析,指出采用不同评估方法对企业的经济利益会产生不同的影响,事前的税务筹划和税务安排,能够使企业获取最合理的税务成本,控制税务风险。     

Partnering with Foreign Firms: How Do Chinese Managers View the Governance and Importance of Contracts?

It is a widespread perception that the role of contract in Chinese society is limited because obligations often derive from personal relationships. It is not clear how Chinese managers view the governance and importance of contracts when they deal with foreign counterparts in their joint ventures. To addresses this issue, this study proposes and verifies the governance structure and performance implications of interpartner contracts in a setting of international joint ventures (IJVs). Extant research on IJVs has extensively examined IJV performance but inadequately assessed how this performance is influenced by contractual design. Our analysis of 114 sample IJVs in China suggests that the governance structure of an IJV contract includes four dimensions, namely, issue inclusiveness, term specificity, contingency adaptability, and contractual obligatoriness. Each of these dimensions is validated to be important to IJV formation, interpartner cooperation, and process efficiency as perceived by Chinese managers working in IJVs.     

Standardization and Localization of Human Resource Management in Sino-Foreign Joint Ventures

The international human resource management models developed in the last decade pursue a contextual analysis of the standardization (global integration) of multinational parent companies' human resource management policies and practices and localization (local differentiation) of host countries' practices. This paper extends existing international human resource management models by exploring the characteristics of IJV partners, and their ability to influence whether the IJV adopts standardised or localised HR practices. The hypothesized strategic drivers for the formation of HR policies and practices in IJVs are HR expertise, HR consistency, resource power, and internationalisation experience.     

Acquisition of organizational capabilities and competitive advantage of IJVs in transition economies: The case of Vietnam

Using Vietnam as the context, the study empirically examines how the competitive advantage of international joint ventures (IJVs) in transition economies is affected by the acquisition of resources from foreign partners and of local market-based resources. Our study contributes to the nascent literature on IJVs in transition economies by producing several novel and interesting findings. First, it demonstrates the need to modify certain arguments of the resource-based view (RBV) when applied to IJVs in transition economies. This paper shows that the peculiar market characteristics of transition economies serve as an imitation barrier turning even property-based resources into sources of sustainable competitive advantage. Second, the positive impact of knowledge-based resources on the IJV’s competitiveness seems to be significantly enhanced as the ownership by the foreign parent increases. Lastly, competitive advantage of IJVs appears to be strengthened when the transfer of property-based resources is complemented by that of knowledge-based resources, and when the transfer of internal, firm-specific resources is complemented by that of external, market-based ones. We believe that these findings make significant, incremental theoretical and empirical contributions to both the RBV and IJV literatures.

Antecedents and performance consequences of learning success in international joint ventures

This study examined a sample of organizations involved in international joint ventures, (IJVs) in Malaysia. Drawing upon the resource based view of the firm this paper investigates the antecedents and performance consequences of learning success of foreign partners in IJVs. Data was analysed using two-stage least squares regression (2SLS). Results suggest that a learning orientation, IJV partner mutual dependency and management control, have a positive effect upon the learning success. Results also suggest that organizations with higher levels of learning orientation and learning success have higher levels of business performance. The findings imply that foreign partners in IJVs that are successful in achieving their learning goals, and improving their knowledge, will be winners in terms of improving their business performance.     

Interpartner Fit and Its Performance Implications: A Four-Case Study of U.S.-China Joint Ventures

In previous research on international joint ventures, a commonly accepted conceptualization and operationalization of interpartner fit is lacking. As a result, empirical studies have either failed to confirm theoretical predictions or produced inconsistent findings that are difficult to reconcile. Using a multiple-case method, this study developed a model in which interpartner fit is conceptualized as a multidimensional construct consisting of the compatibility between the partners strategic objectives, contribution and joint management of critical resources, consensus on the venture's operating culture and strategy, and structure of relative bargaining power and control over the venture's operation. The longitudinal case studies demonstrated the relationship between interpartner fit and joint venture performance and also revealed the rich dynamics and changes in interpartner fit'misfit over time.     

我国技术创新绩效评价与国际比较

本文运用数据包络分析模型对我国1995~2008年技术创新绩效进行评价以及对我国各地区的技术创新绩效进行测评,并将我国技术创新绩效与美国、日本等部分国家进行比较分析,为提高我国技术创新绩效提出了几点建议。     

从控制权到收益权:合资企业的产权变动路径

本文从跨国公司对中外合资企业控制权设计与演变的角度,对中外合资企业产权变动的路径进行了动态的分析。作者指出,合作初期,跨国公司主要通过技术控制、经理权控制、合资企业数量控制以及销售区域控制等手段,达到对合资企业进行实质性控制的目的;合作后期,则主要通过“阴谋亏损”战略,谋求控股或独资,从而全面接管控制权和收益权。作者认为：除资本产权与管理技能外,技术资源优势也是控制权的一个重要来源,并且可能架空资本产权权利;跨国公司掌管控制权的终极目的,是为了独占收益权。凡此种种决定了外商独资企业将成为我国引进FDI的主要形式。     

我国创投机构投资阶段选择及其绩效影响的实证研究

在我国创投市场不断繁荣但投资阶段显著后移的背景下,本研究就创投机构投资阶段选择的绩效影响问题进行了探讨,并利用2003—2008年我国创投产业数据进行实证分析,论证了早期投资和后期投资两种投资阶段选择正向影响创投机构绩效的可能性与边界条件。具体而言,当创投机构关联网络开放时,高声誉创投机构的早期投资较后期投资利于投资绩效,低声誉创投机构的后期投资较早期投资利于投资绩效;当创投机构关联网络封闭时,后期投资较早期投资利于创投机构绩效,且声誉资本强化后期投资的绩效影响。在此基础上,本研究对我国创投机构的实践及引导基金的运作提出相应的意见与建议,以期推动我国创投产业的有序发展与创业环境的不断优化。     

略谈干部考核中民主测评的组织与运用

从工作实践出发,结合电力系统的干部管理以及综合统计和整理考核测评结果的一些经验,试就干部考核中影响民主测评准确性的几种现象、怎样科学地开展民主测评、如何合理运用民主测评结果作了初步分析和探讨。     

Impacts of sustainability certification on farm income: Evidence from small-scale specialty green tea farmers in Vietnam

Sustainability certification for small-scale farms has gained considerable momentum in developing countries. However, evidence on the economic benefits of certification schemes in the context of domestically consumed foods and beverages is scarce. This paper addresses this gap by evaluating the impacts of sustainability standards on the selling prices, sales, costs and net income of small-scale specialty green tea farming in Vietnam. We analyze original survey data on 401 smallholder green tea farmers and employ propensity score matching to mitigate self-selection bias. Our estimates reveal that certified green tea producers are able to obtain a higher average selling price and sales value. In addition, although certification leads to a dramatic increase in the costs of hired labor, net farm income is still significantly improved.     

Choice of ownership mode in joint ventures: An event history analysis from the automotive industry

Inter-firm partnerships continue to be a major trend in the B2B context. Firms seek collaborative ventures to enter foreign markets, combine resources, share costs and risks, and build synergies in an increasingly competitive environment. Accordingly, the impacts of firm and host country characteristics on the selection of entry mode have been extensively studied in the literature. Nevertheless, most of these studies regard all entry modes as feasible alternatives for firms, which is rarely the case in practice. Instead, the number of entry modes available to a firm is more likely to be limited by the firm's assets and the context of the host country. As such, these contingencies, coupled with the idiosyncrasies of each entry mode, necessitate more focalized inquiry in the entry mode literature. Drawing from the OLI framework, this study zeroes in on international joint ventures (IJVs) and analyses the impact of ownership and location advantages on firm's decision about the level of control (i.e., internalization level) in an IJV in a given country. Results indicate a positive relationship between the ownership advantages and the level of control. It is also found that firms tend to favor higher control mode where the host country provides better locational advantages.     

Diversification and Economic Performance: An Empirical Assessment of Chinese Firms

Integrating the impact of both resource and institutional factors and taking into consideration potential agency problems, this study proposes to investigate the joint effect of both related and unrelated diversification strategies on firm performance in an emerging economy setting and to assess empirically the hypothesized relationship using Chinese firms. The empirical results support the basic contention that both resource building and utilization through concentration and related diversification and institutional environmental management through unrelated diversification are important for firm performance in emerging economies but they must be considered together. This paper concludes with a discussion of its contributions, practical implications, and directions for future research.     

Corporate Governance and Performance in Publicly Listed,Family-Controlled Firms: Evidence from Taiwan

Using a multi-industry dataset of 228 firms listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange (TSE) this paper analyses the effects of ownership structure and board characteristics on performance in large, publicly traded firms that are controlled by founding families. After taking account of possible endogeneity problems, we do not find that family control is associated with performance measured in terms of accounting ratios, sales per issued capital, earnings per share and market-to-book value. However, share ownership by institutional investors, and foreign financial institutions in particular, is associated with better performance. Our results indicate that board independence from founding family and board members’ financial interests have a positive impact on performance.     

"十一五"规划指标体系更新与地方政府绩效考核改进

地方政府官员绩效考核是我国政治生活中的难题，GDP导向下的地方政府行为是我国经济社会发展诸多矛盾的症结所在，“十一五”规划指标体系的重大更新不仅体现了我国发展模式和建设思路的根本性转变，而且为正确界定地方政府职能．改进地方政府绩效考核提供了依据和条件。     

油气勘探开发投资绩效评价的指标选择

提出了一个如何评价油气勘探开发投资绩效的问题，并根据油气勘探、开发投资的特性及投资绩效评价指标的选择原则，并辅以单位勘探成本、单位开发成本两个指标进行比较和分析，阐明了采用单位勘探开发成本作为主要评价指标以替代目前油田企业沿用多年的旧指标的依据。     

油田联合站换热器性能检测与热经济性评价

基于换热器性能的现场检测,对换热器主要性能指标进行了计算,分析了换热器的能量利用、换热系数和换热能力利用情况,指出了换热器的换热能力利用不足,有待进一步提高。通过对换热器的热经济性评价,计算了换热器的主要经济指标,并对计算结果进行了分析,结果表明加热炉耗用的原油燃料价格越高,联合站用热技术改造项目获得的经济效益越大,结论指出本次热经济性评价表明该项目的技术改造经济可行。     

资本结构、债权治理与公司绩效:一项经验分析

公司债权的治理作用与公司绩效之间存在着密切的逻辑联系。应将不同的制度因素与一国企业的独有特征作为解释债权治理效用的初始条件。经验分析表明：中国上市公司的资本结构存在着诸多不合理的特征，债权治理表现出无效性。政府部门应大力完善债权人行权的制度环境；深化国有商业银行的公司公改造，打造独立的债权主体；加快发展企业债券市场并加大培育机构投资者的力度；允许银行对企业进行战略性特股并完善主办银行制度。     

董事会治理对公司绩效累积效应的实证研究——基于中国上市公司的数据

论文基于2004年和2005年中国上市公司数据，用南开大学董事会治理指数衡量中国上市公司董事会治理水平．对上市公司董事会治理与公司绩效之间的关系进行了实证研究。研究结果表明．中国上市公司董事会治理指数与公司绩效的改善之间存在显著相关关系．即董事会治理对公司绩效的影响存在累积效应，董事会治理对公司绩效改善的影响主要来源于董事会组织结构建设和董事薪酬激励的作用，而董事权利与义务、董事会运作和独立董事制度对公司绩效的影响则不显著。进一步的研究还发现公司绩效的行业固定效应随董事会治理水平的提高而弱化．并且董事会治理对公司绩效影响的累积效应边际递增。