Love,hate and murder: Commitment devices in violent relationships

Many violent relationships are characterized by a high degree of cyclicality: women who are the victims of domestic violence often leave and return multiple times. To explain this we develop a model of time inconsistent preferences in the context of domestic violence. This time inconsistency generates a demand for commitment. We present supporting evidence that women in violent relationships display time inconsistent preferences by examining their demand for commitment devices. We find that no-drop policies – which compel the prosecutor to continue with prosecution even if the victim expresses a desire to drop the charges – result in an increase in reporting. No-drop policies also result in a decrease in the number of men murdered by intimates suggesting that some women in violent relationships move away from an extreme type of commitment device when a less costly one is offered.     

The relationship between foreign ownership and technology transfer

This paper focuses on technology-transfer implications of foreign-ownership restrictions. Using a theory of the multinational corporation, testable implications concerning the transfer of product and process technology via wholly owned subsidiaries and joint ventures are developed. Comparing selected countries that deter wholly owned foreign direct investment to less restrictive countries, two predicted results are found. First, technology transferred to countries that deter wholly owned foreign direct investment is disproportionately process rather than product technology. Secondly, the product technology transferred to countries that deter wholly owned foreign direct investment is relatively older.     

Trust and growth: a shaky relationship

We conduct an extensive robustness analysis of the relationship between trust and growth by investigating a later time period and a bigger sample than in previous studies. In addition to robustness tests that focus on model uncertainty, we systematize the investigation of outlier influence on the results by using the robust estimation technique Least Trimmed Squares. We find that when outliers (especially China) are removed, the trust-growth relationship is no longer robust. On average, the trust coefficient is half as large as in previous findings.      

Environmental regulation and love for variety

Using a model of monopolistic competition, we examine the relationship between intra‐industry trade and environmental regulation. The decisions on emission standards set by each country show strong strategic interactions. In closed economies regulations act as strategic substitutes, and in equilibrium there is under‐regulation relative to the cooperative outcome. Trade liberalization may lead to stricter or laxer environmental standards, depending on the consumers’ preference for product variety. In addition, we show that with open trade environmental regulations may act as strategic complements and countries may set environmental standards that are as strict (or stricter) than those in the cooperative outcome.     

Two-way relationship between innovation and market structure: evidence from Indian high and medium technology firms

ABSTRACT

This study analyses a two-way relationship between innovation and market structure in Indian high and medium technology firms. We perform an empirical analysis based on a simultaneous equation model on data for 991 high and medium technology firms during 2000–2015. Patent applications and patent grants capture innovation activity of the firms. We find that the market structure has an insignificant impact on innovation. A separate analysis of neck-and-neck firms also suggests that market structure has no impact on innovation. On the other hand, patenting has a positive and significant impact on market structure in both high and medium technology firms. The study concludes that in-house technology creation is a vital source of market dominance in Indian high and medium technology firms.     

A study on the relationship between technology diffusion and new product diffusion

This study investigates the relationship between “technology diffusion” and “new product diffusion”. We define “technology diffusion” as a knowledge spillover process, which is represented by patent citation, and “new product diffusion” as the spread of a new product that has been developed by the application of patented technology. To investigate the relationship between the two types of diffusion, we use patent citation data of code division multiple access (CDMA) technology and market sales data of mobile phones in South Korea for the analysis. The results show that the diffusion of technology through patent citation could be successfully explained by empirical analysis, for which the Bass diffusion model was used. Moreover, we can find out if technology diffusion can be the leading indicator of a new product's diffusion before its launching; in other words, before the commercialization of the patent.     

试议国家创新体系中技术创新与制度创新的相互关系

建立在熊彼特的创新思想基础上的技术创新经济学和制度创新经济学,从经济运行角度来看,对于在市场经济条件下的国家创新体系建设无疑具有重要的科学指导意义。文章在总结前人研究成果的基础上,对国家创新体系中技术创新与制度创新的关系提出新的研究视点。     

How technology policy facilitates technology diffusion and improves firm capability: a dynamic survey from a network perspective

Strategic alliances have been regarded as a potent tool of technology policy for the advancement of research and development (R&D) in developing countries. However, the effectiveness of this ‘visible hand’ has not been dynamically understood as a useful means of building up firm capability. To see how strategic alliances help small-sized firms improve their competitive advantage, this research investigates a government-supported strategic alliance for technology development. Using a two-stage model from the network perspective and methodology, the results show that via a government-sponsored strategic alliance, the network factors embedded in the alliance significantly help the firm develop a competitive advantage by facilitating technology diffusion among alliance members and improved firm-level technology capability. Thus, technology policy in the form of strategic alliances appears to serve as a ‘visible hand’ that homogenously upgrades firm technology capability and diffuses technology.     

Productivity growth and catching up: a technology gap explanation

This paper seeks to explain why some countries have managed to catch up in terms of labor productivity over the period 1993–2007 in 76 countries. By integrating the technology gap research within the standard growth-accounting approach, we introduce a methodology which allows us to split total factor productivity (TFP) change into two components: conditional technical inefficiency and the magnitude of the technology gap. We find that labor productivity growth depends both on investment in fixed capital and TFP. Fast emerging economies exhibit patterns of growth based in particular on the reduction of the technology gap, confirming the role of investment in technological capabilities to spur productivity catch-up. Looking at change in the distribution of labor productivity, emerging countries managed to shift from low productivity toward a medium level of productivity thanks to technology accumulation. Less advanced countries cannot rely only on technology diffusion and learning by doing, policies for technological capabilities accumulation are necessary.     

影响盈余信息含量的因素——来自A股的实证结果

研究中习惯用回报/盈余关系来表示会计盈余的信息含量.通过A股的实证结果发现,当时间窗口为公告日前后60天时,回报/盈余关系较显著;盈余的持续性越高,回报/盈余关系越显著;非线性的模型比线性模型的解释能力更强.但是模型总体的R2水平都较低,这可能是由于研究方法的缺陷、市场的非理性、盈余本身信息含量低等原因造成的.     

影响盈余信息含量的因素——来自A股的实证结果

研究中习惯用回报／盈余关系来表示会计盈余的信息含量。通过A股的实证结果发现，当时间窗口为公告日前后60关时，回报／盈余关系较显著；盈余的持续性越高，回报／盈余关系越显著；非线性的模型比线性模型的解释能力更强。但是模型总体的R2水平都较低，这可能是由于研究方法的缺陷、市场的非理性、盈余本身信息含量低等原因造成的。     

The relationship between urbanization and commodity circulation: a theoretical and positive research

“Town” and commodity circulation are two closely interrelated concepts. A town is born through the exchange of commodities; it is formed by an increase in trade efficiency. The trade efficiency caused by the density of economy is the standard of rationalization of the town scale. The development of a town promotes the development from simple commodity circulation to developed commodity circulation, while the difference in the level of urbanization is an important reason for differences in the circulation level. Therefore, the strategy of being guided by circulation will be a basic way to push forward urbanization healthily in China. __________ Translated from Economic Research Journal (经济研究), 2004,(2) (in Chinese)