基于GO法的生鲜农产品供应链可靠性评价

提出了生鲜农产品供应链可靠性的定义,依据GO模型的基本原理和生鲜农产品供应链的功能,绘制了生鲜农产品供应链系统GO图,成功地将GO模型应用于生鲜农产品供应链系统可靠性的定量研究中,进行GO定量运算,提出了生鲜农产品供应链可靠度评价等级划分标准,给出了具体的算例。该研究不仅能够计算出整个供应链系统的可靠性,还可以判断出整个供应链中的薄弱环节,从而可以选择更为合理、更有针对性的策略来提高供应链整体可靠性,评价结果可作为生鲜农产品供应链系统可靠性改善的重要依据。     

拉式供应链系统可靠性分析与改善

首先对供应链的可靠性重要性进行了分析,对供应可靠度和供应链可靠度的进行了定义,然后从可靠性方面提出对供应链系统进行分析改善的途径,最后对零库存拉式供应链系统进行了可靠性分析与改善。     

基于可靠性优化的供应链软联盟规模研究

建立了供应链整体可靠度与其软联盟规模及功能企业选择方式之间的数学模型,并给出了以供应链整体可靠度最大为目标时,供应链软联盟规模一定时,功能企业的选择方式;或在选择方式一定时,供应链软联盟规模的确定方法。     

嵌入式电子信息系统可靠度的完善措施

文章经过对嵌入式电子信息系统工作原理的分析,建立了嵌入式电子信息系统可靠度约束模型,优化了嵌入式电子信息系统的失效率、故障密度函数、可用度及平均寿命,并算出了最佳状态下的可靠度参数。实验结果表明:新的可靠度优化方法具有一定的实用性,提高了嵌入式系统的可用度、建模准确度及使用寿命,优化了嵌入式系统。     

基于TOPSIS方法的煤炭供应链可靠性评估研究

指出以煤炭生产企业为核心构建的煤炭供应链是一条包括上游物资设备供应商、煤炭生产企业和下游发电厂、钢厂、水泥厂以及物流企业为主体的物流、信息流、资金流和商流的集成,并用可靠度对煤炭供应链进行可靠性度量,以TOPSIS方法定量分析煤炭供应链的可靠性,最后用一个实例对分析方法进行验证。     

价格、时间敏感性应链收益混合分配契约模型研究

供应链企业通过何种契约方式进行协同合作,以达到整体目标的最优,是供应链管理的一个重要研究课题。在一个两阶供应链系统中,面对价格和响应时间敏感性市场需求,文章通过引入供应商的激励—响应时间函数和市场关于价格和响应时间的需求函数,构建了供应链的收益混合分配契约模型,最后文章给出了算例分析,验证了该模型的可行性。     

基于TOPSIS方法的煤炭供应链可靠性评估研究

指出以煤炭生产企业为核心构建的煤炭供应链是一条包括上游物资设备供应商、煤炭生产企业和下游发电厂、钢厂、水泥厂以及物流企业为主体的物流、信息流、资金流和商流的集成,并用可靠度对煤炭供应链进行可靠性度量,以TOPSIS方法定量分析煤炭供应链的可靠性,最后用一个实例对分析方法进行验证.     

战时装备供应链可靠性评估研究

战时装备供应链的主要环节有筹措、运输、储存、包装和配送,主要风险源有远程精确打击、敌特后方袭扰和恶劣天气的影响,文章提出了基于战时风险源分析装备供应链可靠性的研究思路,用可靠度来度量供应链的可靠性,并提出用熵权TOPSIS法定量分析装备供应链的可靠性,最后用一个实例对分析方法进行了验证.     

浅谈供应链管理下的采购成本控制

随着经济的全球化发展,传统的采购管理理念与方法已经很难适应当下经济全球化和互联网时代的发展需求.企业要想降低成本、提升质量、缩短交货期、提升企业核心竞争力,不仅需要修炼内功,还要与上游供应商、下游分销商和零售商形成紧密的利益共同体——供应链.供应链管理是上下游企业更好发挥优势的体现,企业通过采购和被采购的形式实现在供应链上下游的衔接,其中采购成本的控制水平是供应链管理的重点.相对于其他企业而言,钢管制造加工企业资源消耗比较高,传统的高库存保生产的采购模式已经严重影响了企业的生存和发展.企业通过加强供应链管理下的采购成本控制可以有效降低库存,降低钢管制造加工企业的运营成本,提升企业竞争力,对提高企业生产效益至关重要.文章通过论述供应链下的采购成本控制,希望对企业更好地管理供应链、谋求长远的发展有所帮助.     

信息不对称下考虑消费者品牌偏好的激励策略

在需求信息不对称和消费者具有品牌偏好的背景下,本文通过构建stackelberg博弈模型,研究了零售商需求信息共享和不共享两种情况对供应链的影响。研究表明:预测信息精度、品牌敏感系数提高有利于供应链整体利润提高,而品牌投入成本系数增加降低了供应链整体利润;需求信息共享使得零售商利润减少,但龙头企业从信息共享中获利;通过龙头企业对零售商信息共享激励,可以实现零售商和龙头企业的双赢。因此,零售企业要以顾客为导向,了解顾客需求的变化,提高信息搜集和识别能力。制造企业一方面要加强品牌建设,提高品牌的知名度和美誉度,通过品牌建设提高企业竞争力;另一方面要加强供应链伙伴间协作,建立收益共享的利润分配机制。     

供应链协同系统利益分配问题研究

文章主要分析了影响供应链协同系统利益分配的几个重要因素即风险因素、努力程度因素、资本增值率因素以及学习能力因素,在此基础上结合Shapley值利益分配方法提出了一种改进的利益分配方法,阐述了利益分配策略。最后通过实例对该策略进行了验证,结果表明:该策略可以使供应链协同系统的利益分配更加合理。     

基于系统分析方法的供应链风险管理

通过对供应链定义、供应链系统化特点以及供应链稳定性的考虑,提出基于系统分析方法的供应链风险管理,其中包括基于多角度分析法的供应链风险分类,基于因果分析法的企业行为审核,基于流程图法、定性等级评价法等方法的供应链风险应对体制建立。最终通过多种系统分析方法在供应链风险管理中的应用,提升了供应链系统的稳定性,有效地避免了可能发生的风险对供应链的危害。     

供应链绩效评价体系和评价模型研究

有效的供应链管理绩效评价是实现供应链优化的基础。结合SCOR模型从供应链运营成本、响应能力、柔性、可靠性、企业的运营绩效五个方面构建了供应链绩效评价体系．并运用模糊层次综合评价模型,采用供应链绩效指标．对供应链绩效进行评价．为实现供应链价值的增值提供依据。     

Sustainable evaluation and verification in supply chains: Aligning and leveraging accountability to stakeholders

Managers are being challenged by multiple (and diverse) stakeholders, which have variety of expectations and informational needs about their firm’s supply chains. Collectively, these expectations and needs form a multi-faceted view of stakeholder accountability, namely the extent to which a firm justifies behaviors and actions across its extended supply chain to stakeholders. To date, sustainable supply chain management research has largely focused on monitoring as a self-managed set of narrowly defined evaluative activities employed by firms to provide stakeholder accountability. Nevertheless, evidence is emerging that firms have developed a wide variety of monitoring systems in order to align with stakeholders’ expectations and leverage accountability to stakeholders. Drawing from the accounting literature, we synthesize a model that proposes how firms might address accountability for sustainability issues in their supply chain. At its core, the construct of sustainable evaluation and verification (SEV) captures three interrelated dimensions: inclusivity, scope, and disclosure. These dimensions characterize how supply chain processes might identify key measures, collect and process data, and finally, verify materiality, reliability and accuracy of any data and resulting information. As a result, the concept of monitoring is significantly extended, while also considering how different stakeholders can play diverse, active roles as metrics are established, audits are conducted, and information is validated. Also, several antecedents of SEV systems are explored. Finally, the means by which an SEV system can create a competitive advantage are investigated.     

Optimal inventories for repairable redundant systems with aging components

Complex systems that are required to perform very reliably are often designed to be “fault-tolerant,” so that they can function even though some component parts have failed. Often fault-tolerance is achieved through redundancy, involving the use of extra components. One prevalent redundant component configuration is the m-out-of-n system, where at least m of n identical and independent components must function for the system to function adequately.Often machines containing m-out-of-n systems are scheduled for periodic overhauls, during which all failed components are replaced, in order to renew the machine's reliability. Periodic overhauls are appropriate when repair of component failures as they occur is impossible or very costly. This will often be the case for machines which are sent on “missions” during which they are unavailable for repair. Examples of such machines include computerized control systems on space vehicles, military and commercial aircraft, and submarines.An interesting inventory problem arises when periodic overhauls are scheduled. How many spare parts should be stocked at the maintenance center in order to meet demands? Complex electronic equipment is rarely scrapped when it fails. Instead, it is sent to a repair shop, from which it eventually returns to the maintenance center to be used as a spare. A Markov model of spares availability at such a maintenance center is developed in this article. Steady-state probabilities are used to determine the initial spares inventory that minimizes total shortage cost and inventory holding cost. The optimal initial spares inventory will depend upon many factors, including the values of m and n, component failure rate, repair rate, time between overhauls, and the shortage and holding costs.In a recent paper, Lawrence and Schaefer [4] determined the optimal maintenance center inventories for fault-tolerant repairable systems. They found optimal maintenance center inventories for machines containing several sets of redundant systems under a budget constraint on total inventory investment. This article extends that work in several important ways. First, we relax the assumption that the parts have constant failure rates. In this model, component failure rates increase as the parts age. Second, we determine the optimal preventive maintenance policy, calculating the optimal age at which a part should be replaced even if it has not failed because the probability of subsequent failure has become unacceptably high. Third, we relax the earlier assumption that component repair times are independent, identically distributed random variables. In this article we allow congestion to develop at the repair shop, making repair times longer when there are many items requiring repair. Fourth, we introduce a more efficient solution method, marginal analysis, as an alternative to dynamic programming, which was used in the earlier paper. Fifth, we modify the model in order to deal with an alternative objective of maximizing the job-completion rate.In this article, the notation and assumptions of the earlier model are reviewed. The requisite changes in the model development and solution in order to extend the model are described. Several illustrative examples are included.     

GO法及其在某装备可靠性分析中的应用

介绍了GO法基本思想,结合武器装备的具体特点,讨论了GO法在装备上的应用。针对某装卸车液压系统故障率偏高的问题,在对其系统分析的基础上,建立了装卸车液压系统的GO模型,进行了GO定量计算和可靠性评价,结果表明其可靠性偏低,需做进一步改进。     

供应链系统道德风险的熵度量研究

道德风险问题直接影响着供应链系统的稳定性和可靠性。本文首先介绍了引起供应链道德风险的因素，建立了基于节点企业与影响因素的风险度矩阵，并对其进行了熵权调整；在此基础上又建立了道德风险的熵度量模型，并对其进行了熵变分析；最后，本文结合外部环境因素的分析，提出了整个供应链系统道德风险的熵度量方法。     

Criticality analysis and the supply chain: Leveraging representational assurance

System builders who plan to acquire information and communication technology (ICT) products must consider two key risk factors (among many) while planning for the acquisition and design of their systems. They must understand the inter-relationships of all assembled products in any new planned system in terms of its resilience under attack. These system owners will also increasingly assess the risks they may inherit from a global interconnected supply chain. To address these concerns, the recommendation in this paper is for providers of Commercial-Off-the-Shelf (COTS) technology products to perform a criticality analysis on their own products to gauge resilience, rather than later be confronted by an acquirer attempting to solely reverse engineer the system as part of supply chain due-diligence. This paper illustrates the roles that technology providers and system owners each play in following the outlined approach that highlights key risk factors of the tiered suppliers for product elements deemed most critical. ICT COTS providers who do not want to divulge sensitive information about their suppliers can use a “representational assurance” approach to convey meaningful information to potential acquirers without undue disclosure. Analytical graphics such as “Treemaps” can help all parties illustrate where to best focus their attention regarding critical operational risk and supply chain risk. The same data that providers track internally to manage product assurance can be leveraged to support meaningful representational assurance to acquirers. This approach improves the current state where data disclosure by technology providers is seen by acquirers, despite being unrealistic, as the best means to gain confidence in the technology supply chain.     

基于复杂系统理论的自适应供应链系统研究

供应链管理作为企业在复杂竞争环境中创造核心竞争能力的一种行为,具有结构、环境、行为等方面的动态、开放、突现等非线性特点,是典型的复杂系统。在分析供应链复杂性基础上提出了供应链适应能力的概念,并对供应链适应能力的驱动力进行分析,基于复杂系统理论建立了自适应供应链系统模型,以期为供应链企业的策略调整提供一种动态的方法。     

A multi-objective model for lot-sizing with supplier selection for an assembly system

Lot-sizing with supplier selection (LS-SS) is a fast-growing offspring of two major problem parents in logistics and supply chain management (‘lot-sizing’ and ‘supplier selection’). The model proposed in this paper is an attempt to extend it to an assembly system, by formulating a multi-objective model for an integrative problem of LS-SS for assembly items. The total costs of the system, consisting of purchasing, ordering, transportation, assembly, and holding, is considered the first objective function, while the total reliability of the finished products is considered the second objective function. The decision-maker aims to minimise the total costs while maximising the total reliability. Several constraints of the system (e.g. storage capacity, supplier production capacity) are taken into account. Given the complexity of the model, a heuristic evolutionary algorithm is proposed to solve the model. The results indicate which assembly items to order in which quantities, from which suppliers and in which time periods.