The concept of capital before and after industrial revolution： Islamic versus market economy

The concept of capital and ownership of capital in market economy and Islamic economy is different. Also the role that capital is expected to play in the economy is different in two economic systems. One of the key elements in creation of the capital （capital formation） is interest rate. In Islam interest is strictly forbidden. This paper reviews the concept of capital and the process of capital formation both before and after industrial revelation. In that context it also looks at the function of interest rate during the time of Prophet Mohammed and the present time.     

Development of suburb farm landscape in the process of urban-rural overall planning from the perspective of ecological economics： a case study of Chengdu City

With the accelerating development of Chinese urbanization and the widening gap between rural and urban areas, urban-rural overall planning is to be an inevitable choice for economic and social development. However, the specific patterns and methods in urban-rural overall planning are greatly different. From the persperctive of ecological economy, taking the main physical and biological pattern of the farmland as research objects, this paper analyzes the components and characteristics of farm landscape, the relationship between farm landscape exploitation and rural tourism, and the role of farm landscape exploitation in planning urban and rural development. It expatiates on the pattern, method and principle of farm landscape development. Furthermore, based on the actual development case, this paper explores how to make high-grade tourism products with scientific and reasonable farm landscape development method, how to increase peasant income, how to improve urban and rural ecological economic environment, so as to promote urban-rural overall planning.     

市民社会：中国社会变迁的必由之路

由于种种历史原因,中国社会中的政府公权力领域与公民私权利领域的界限不甚分明,也一直未能形成现代意义上的市民社会。如今,随着社会主义市场经济体制的逐步完善和法治政府理念的提出,为培育市民社会提供了良好的契机。市民社会的建成有利在中国形成国家与社会良性互动的社会结构,推进我国社会稳步的发展。     

The role of new ICTs in the sustainable development of industrial cluster： a case study of Yangxunqiao textile cluster

The wide application of new information and communication technologies （ICTs） has been argued to be critical in local economic development, while the application of new ICTs will affect the development of industrial cluster, especially those small and medium-sized enterprises （SMEs）. This paper examines Yangxunqiao textile cluster located in Zhejiang Province as a case study to focus on the role of ICTs in the sustainable development. We argue ICTs application in firms boost flexible and customized production approach, improve e-commerce market channel and raise supply chain management. We also pay special attention to the spatial implication of ICTs adoption in industrial cluster, and suggest that application of ICTs tend to lead to further clustering of SMEs in the location with mature production chain. Our analysis shows that new ICTs are a facilitator in the sustainable development of the industrial cluster.     

中国奇迹何以发生：基于政治经济学解释框架

目前经济学理论在解释近代中国何以落后于西方的原因时,普遍存在一种西方中心论的典型思维：欧洲首创了自由市场制度并开始限制政府管制,因而近代西方才脱颖而出并成为工业化经济的策源地;与此相反,正是由于受到政府的过度管制,市场经济不够自由与发达,中国这一有着5000年绵延历史的文明古国在近代失去了曾经的辉煌。但是,这一逻辑是值得商榷的,历史的真相也许并非如此。研究发现,不仅自由主义经济学所提出的市场自律原则缺乏理论依据,而且西方世界的崛起也并非是市场化的结果,市场化程度不足更不是近代中国落后的原因。现在来看,新中国成立70多年来特别是改革开放40多年的伟大成功实践,并非完全市场化的结果,而是得益于走出自由市场的丛林,始终坚持市场与政府关系的辩证法和有机结合,从而破解了市场与政府关系的经济学世界性难题。因此,中国经济奇迹所展示的正是对新自由主义市场和政府关系理论的批判性重构,更预示着所蕴含的崭新的中国经济学雏形。     

The effects of land market development on economic growth： an empirical analysis based on Chinese panel data, 1999-2005

Optimized land resources allocation is important for economic growth because land is one of the basic elements for economic development. And urban land resources allocation has had an increasingly important influence since the Chinese socialist market economy system was established. This paper estimates the production function of both the secondary and the tertiary industries of China＇s 31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government through an analysis of the panel data of the total output value of the secondary and the tertiary industries, invested capital, invested labor jorces and the land market-jeatured management of the above-mentioned regions during the period of 1999-2005. and examines the positive influence of the above- mentioned factors on regional economic output, This study concludes that urban economic output is positively related with the level of urban land resources market-featured management, since the rate of economic growth of those regions approximates 14. 7% under the condition of urban land market running during the period of 1999-2005.     

The Extension of Enterprise Innovation in Market Economy：A Nwe Definition

Enterprise innovation means that the enterprise utilizes social and economic resources more efficiently, and allocates the resources better, it means the foundation of a new productive function. To this connotation,people seem to have the same view. But,to the question that what kind of behavior of an enterprise is exactly an enterprise innovation,there seem to be different views, which often leads to confusion to the extension of enterprise innovation and inconvenience in studying. Therefore, this paper will try to give a new definition to the extension of enterprise innovation.     

The effects of local govemment investment on economic growth and employment： evidence from transitional China

Based on the panel data of 28 provinces in the year of 1987-2001, this paper examines the effects of the local government investment on economic growth and employment. The empirical result shows that the local government investment plays a significant positive role in economic growth and employment. However, while the proportion of local government investment to GDP had a remarkable rise after 1998, the elasticity of local government investment on economic growth declined, which shows that there is a big room for raising the efficiency of local government investment. Moreover. the empirieal examination shows that although local government investment had positive effect on employment, the elasticity had a decrease after 1994 when the tax-sharing system reform was put into practice. This shows that the positive role of local government investment on employment is also limited This paper argues that the role of local governments as investors must be weakened, and local governments of different levels should lessen direct economic intervention and concentrate on public regulation.     

Social spatial changes： Booster for a new regional policy——The event of Silao and Romita counties in Guanajuato Mexico

Today, one of the most important phenomenons is the movement of Capital and the expansion of its investments, as well as the use of resources worldwide. The movement of Capital, is changing the local space and the territories, because is not a homogeneous process; they are not in the same way and rhythm, this is because they don＇t get in the same way to global dynamics. The reorganization of the world, because the movements in Capital is a challenge, that is why, the analysis of regions demand new and different views, to boost regional development. We can tell that since a long time ago, had been developing theories and proposals not good enough, for this reason we must think to generate new proposals. The goal of this paper, is to expose the social and territorial changes in Silao and Romita Counties in the state of Guanajuato Mexico, as a result of the relocation of economic activities that lead us to start a new regional policy, that gives more satisfactory results and think about a regional policy that could reflex about territorial development focuses, specially for a public policy.