基于社会资本理论的中小企业持续竞争优势研究

本文在对企业持续竞争优势理论进行梳理的基础上,从社会资本理论视角构建了企业获取持续竞争优势的理论框架,认为企业外社会资本为企业获取异质性资源,而企业内部社会资本提升了企业动态能力,两者共同形成了企业持续竞争优势.在此基础上,对中小企业应该如何构建持续竞争优势提出建议.     

建立科学合理的员工激励机制

企业之间的竞争从根本讲是人才的竞争，人力资源是企业最宝贵的资源，也是企业持续、有效、科学发展的关键因素，企业要取得可持续竞争优势，就必须依靠人才来维持和培育竞争力。现在很多企业已经意识到人的资源特性，提出了人才强企战略，但对人才的引进、管理、培养和使用缺乏具体有效的措施，仅仅招收、引进人才不是最终目的，关键是要用得好，充分发挥他们的积极性和创造性，     

振兴东北老工业基地战略性人力资源管理模式探析

随着知识经济和经济全球化的到来,人力资本已经成为获取竞争优势的主要资源,东北老工业基地要在未来的竞争中获得核心能力从而保持持续竞争优势,迫切需要向战略性人力资源转变,并使人力资源战略、规划、管理结构和基础平台与企业发展目标有机结合起来,促进东北老工业基地快速协调发展。     

以品牌文化提升资源型企业的持续竞争优势

当今企业之间的竞争,超越了产品和服务,进入了文化的竞争。作为文化竞争载体的品牌则是其重要的支撑,品牌成为企业增值的有力工具,越来越多的企业开始关注品牌文化现象,用品牌换来财富。认识到强势品牌,是构成企业竞争力的核心资源,能帮助企业在市场竞争中克敌制胜。作为资源型企业,更应该注重提升自己的持续竞争优势。资源是建立竞争力的基础,资源的差异性可能导致竞争优势差异,资源型企业占有资源的异质性和利用这些资源的独特方式成为竞争优势的来源。资源一旦具有稀缺性,对企业就具有构成竞争力价值的特殊资源,有特殊资源或优势资源的企…     

保持鲜活生命力 促进文化落地生根

企业文化与核心竞争力的耦合点 在全球竞争和知识经济时代,企业的可持续成长和发展,从根本上讲取决于企业的竞争优势,而企业持续竞争优势来源于企业所拥有的战略性资源和培育的核心竞争力.企业文化便是提升企业核心竞争力的重中之重.     

企业文化建设提升大庆炼化核心竞争力

企业文化与核心竞争力的耦合点 在全球竞争和知识经济时代,企业的可持续成长和发展,从根本上讲取决于企业的竞争优势,而企业持续竞争优势来源于企业所拥有的战略性资源和培育的核心竞争力.企业文化便是提升企业核心竞争力的重中之重.     

论企业社会资本的有机构成及功能

企业社会资本是企业内外个人及组织之间的社会信任网络。它是微观、中观、宏观三个层面信任网络相互联系、相互平衡所形成的有机整体。构成企业生产能力、创利能力及企业生存发展的社会根基。企业社会资本的重要价值，是揭示了全球化、信息经济背景下。根植于关系、商誉、品牌等无形资源的“体系优势”、“动态柔性”和“创利能力”超越传统工业时代的区位优势、静态资源和生产能力，成为企业持续创新和竞争优势的来源。     

基于资源整合观的企业战略重构

资源整合是运用科学方法对不同来源、不同层次、不同结构、不同内容的资源进行综合和集成,实施再建构,使企业个体资源与组织资源、传统资源与新资源、内部资源与外部资源经过整合提升而形成新的资源体系。在界定新资源的内涵及其特征的基础上,提出了基于资源整合的竞争优势理论,阐述了企业如何通过有效的资源整合来重构企业战略,旨在提升企业竞争力、增强企业可持续竞争优势。     

模块化、企业价值网络与企业边界变动

随着信息技术的发展，传统的集合型价值链发生以价值模块为基础的解构、整合和重建，形成具有差异化竞争优势的模块化价值链。不同企业的价值模块和模块化价值链在共同的界面标准内交叉连接、融合贯通，形成企业价值网络。企业价值网络集聚各成员企业的优势资源，将各能力要素协同在一个无形的网络平台上，通过不同组织模块间的协作、创新和竞争，能够产生新的竞争优势，使成员企业共享模块化经济、增强自生能力。企业价值网络的形成和拓展推动了企业边界的渗透和融合，导致企业有形边界与无形边界的分离。     

企业集群的竞争优势：资源的结构性整合

本文试图融合基于资源的企业理论（RBV）与“结构－－行为－－绩效”（SCP）的分析框架来解释集群竞争优势。特定的资源和能力是竞争优势的来源，集群作为一种中间组织形式构成了新的竞争单位，其竞争 优势来源于资源禀赋及集群对于资源的整合能力。在影响集群竞争优势的诸因素中，集群规模与集群结构是影响集群资源及其整合的根本因素，群内企业的竞合博弈行为与集群结构的互动是集群结构影响其竞争优势的动态途径。     

Competencies and firm performance: examining the causal ambiguity paradox

Resource‐based theory argues that resources must be valuable, rare, inimitable, and lack substitutes to confer competitive advantage. Inimitability is a lynchpin of resource‐based theory and central to understanding the sustainability of competitive advantage. Although scholars recognize a positive relationship between causal ambiguity and inimitability, the relationship among critical resources called competencies, causal ambiguity, and firm performance remains an unresolved conundrum. One perspective suggests that causal ambiguity regarding competencies and performance is necessary among internal and external managers for sustainable competitive advantage because it severely limits imitation. Causal ambiguity, therefore, enhances firm performance. Another view holds that causal ambiguity places a constraint on the transfer and leveraging of these competencies within a firm. In this case, causal ambiguity may adversely influence firm performance. This paper takes a resource‐based view to develop and test hypotheses that relate managers' perceptions of causal ambiguity to their firm's performance. The hypotheses examine relationships between firm performance and (1) causal ambiguity regarding the link between competencies and competitive advantage, and (2) causally ambiguous characteristics of competencies. Research involving 224 executives in 17 organizations provides valuable insights into the relationships between causal ambiguity and firm performance. A model is then developed based on these findings. Particular consideration is given to the differing ways top and middle managers in a firm may experience causal ambiguity and to how these differences may be understood and managed. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The Context-Specific Nature of Competence and Corporate Development

Based on an analysis of knowledge-intensive innovations, this paper argues that much of the knowledge that provides distinctive competence for sustained competitive advantage is context specific. The development of this competence is a path-dependent process of numerous learning events in particular situations and practices. Because competence is embedded in the specific context in which it was created, it is very difficult to imitate and can become the basis for sustained competitive advantage. This represents an important opportunity for firms who have grown up in a developing country and learned how to compete successfully there. Firms from developing countries who run in packs to build and expand on their context-specific competencies can be more successful in expanding into other developing countries with similar national political institutional contexts than firms from developed countries who have not acquired this tacit knowledge of local practices.     

Technology transfer as technological learning: a source of competitive advantage for firms with limited R&D resources

The objective of this article is to answer why and how firms in developing countries with limited R&D resources can gain sustainable competitive advantage through technology transfer (TT). Successful firms are those that can accumulate competence through internal technological learning after transferring technologies from external technology sources. Organizational intelligence, firm specificity of technology, and causal ambiguity are identified as three mediators between technological learning performance and several antecedents previously discussed in the literature. A survey of Taiwanese manufacturers is conducted to explore the technological learning phenomenon as an integral part of TT, which is important but often neglected. This article also provides an interesting research setting for the evaluation of technological learning theories.     

An empirical analysis of sustained advantage in the U.S. pharmaceutical industry: impact of firm resources and capabilities

The authors test a model of the relationships among firm resources, firm capabilities, and sustained competitive advantage between 1971 and 1989. Sustained comparative advantage was captured by two variables: therapeutic differentiation and global NCEs. The results show that R&D and salesforce expenditures have indirect and direct effects, respectively, on sustained competitive advantage. Firm capabilities were differentiated into component and integrative capabilities. Component capabilities were captured by the firm’s internal R&D efforts and therapeutic market focus, while integrative capabilities were concerned with the firm’s ability to obtain FDA approvals and to develop radical new drugs. Findings on each of these four capabilities on therapeutic differentiation and global NCEs are mixed. The direct and indirect effects of these resources and capabilities on therapeutic differentiation and global NCEs suggest important managerial implications in the way firms coordinate and combine their assets so as to achieve sustained competitive advantage. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The cornerstones of competitive advantage: A resource-based view

This paper elucidates the underlying economics of the resource-based view of competitive advantage and integrates existing perspectives into a parsimonious model of resources and firm performance. The essence of this model is that four conditions underlie sustained competitive advantage, all of which must be met. These include superior resources (heterogeneity within an industry), ex post limits to competition, imperfect resource mobility, and ex ante limits to competition. In the concluding section, applications of the model for both single business strategy and corporate strategy are discussed.     

区域竞争力内涵的多元化认知与辨析

在梳理了有关区域竞争力涵义的几种比较有代表性的观点：财富创造说,可持续发展能力说,经济实力说,资源配置说,综合能力说,因素说以及其他观点的基础上,认为,区域竞争力是一个区域在发展过程中同其他区域竞争过程中所表现出来的对资源的吸引争夺能力以及通过对已有资源的优化和合理配置,使得本区域能够得到持续、综合、协调的发展,不断形成区域竞争优势的能力。区域竞争力是区域多种能力合成的结果,区域竞争力的强弱将直接影响到区经济发展的后劲。区域竞争力的核心是创造竞争优势。     

企业集群环境下的公司创业研究——网络资源与创业导向对集群企业绩效的影响

环境复杂性和动态性的加强,导致更多的企业采取公司创业战略以获取持续竞争优势。然而,大多数研究忽视了网络资源对公司创业日趋重要的影响,尤其在企业集群环境下,仅从组织内部因素和产业环境因素难以解释公司创业的前因后果。基于网络视角,本文首先对公司创业的三种资源获取方式进行比较,认为网络资源是公司创业活动受益于企业集群的内在原因;进而对网络资源、创业导向与集群企业绩效的关系进行探索性研究;最后对浙江省集群企业的实证研究表明:创业导向、网络资源均与企业绩效有显著正相关性,网络资源显著提高了创业导向对企业绩效的贡献。     

基于资源和能力观的内部市场边界确定

内部市场作为一种组织运行调节机制,必须满足其必要条件:分权、竞争和在竞争基础上的价格形成机制。根据资源和能力观的战略管理理论,内部市场边界取决于市场机制引入企业内部后对企业竞争优势的贡献,主要影响因素是:内部市场主体是否拥有特殊资源和能力、特殊资源和能力的可转移性、内部企业的经营绩效、公司总部的资源整合能力等。这些因素的作用体现为内部企业生产经营自主权大小配置和竞争关系,不同的自主权大小和竞争程度形成了实践中权威机制与内部市场机制不同的边界模式。     

A dynamic capability view of marketing analytics: Evidence from UK firms

While marketing analytics plays an important role in generating insights from big data to improve marketing decision-making and firm competitiveness, few academic studies have investigated the mechanisms through which it can be used to achieve sustained competitive advantage. To close this gap, this study draws on the dynamic capability view to posit that a firm can attain sustained competitive advantage from its sensing, seizing and reconfiguring capabilities, which are manifested by the use of marketing analytics, marketing decision-making, and product development management. This study also examines the impact of the antecedents of marketing analytics use on marketing related processes. The analysis of a survey of 221 UK firm managers demonstrates: (a) the positive impact of marketing analytics use on both marketing decision-making and product development management; (b) the effect of the latter two on sustained competitive advantage; (c) the indirect effect of data availability on both marketing decision-making and production development management; and (d) the indirect effect of managerial support on marketing decision-making. The research model proposed in this study provides insights into how marketing analytics can be used to achieve sustained competitive advantage.     

Competitive advantage: logical and philosophical considerations

Strategic management theories invoke the concept of competitive advantage to explain firm performance, and empirical research investigates competitive advantage and describes how it operates. But as a performance hypothesis, competitive advantage has received surprisingly little formal justification, particularly in light of its centrality in strategy research and practice. As it happens, the core hypothesis—that competitive advantage produces sustained superior performance—finds little support in formal deductive or inductive inference, and the leading theories of competitive advantage incorporate refutation barriers that preclude meaningful empirical tests. This article explores the logical and philosophical foundations of the competitive advantage hypothesis, locating its philosophical foundations in the epistemologies of Bayesian induction, abductive inference and an instrumentalist, pragmatic philosophy of science. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.