农村三产融合产业与促进地方经济发展路径研究——以黑龙江省蓝靛果产业为例

三产融合是乡村振兴战略的重要抓手,是解决黑龙江省农村经济社会问题的关键。文章以黑龙江省蓝靛果产业为例,探究了推进黑龙江省农村三产融合发展的重要现实意义,研究了三产融合型产业链的实施方法与意义,提出了促进黑龙江省蓝靛果产业融合发展的对策建议,以供参考。     

蓝靛果无公害生产技术(上)

<正>蓝靛果也叫黑瞎子果、山茄子、羊奶子、草甸子果等。蓝靛果是继树莓、越橘、醋栗和沙棘之后又一新兴的第三代小浆果树种。说它新兴,是因为国外蓝靛果已经开发了50多年,而在我国开发仅30多年。因为蓝靛果名贵稀有、风味独特、口感怡人并且污染少,滋补药用效果好而日益受到欢迎。一、发展意义、栽培特点、问题与前途     

蓝靛果忍冬栽培塑形技术

设定合适的土壤有机质含量、土壤pH值、土壤含水量条件,辅以适时修剪,促使栽培蓝靛果忍冬(Lonicera caerulea)植株快速形成合理树形,为果实生产奠定物质基础。通过3年的栽培塑形可使蓝靛果忍冬形成高1.8m~2.1m,冠幅1.2m~1.5m的匀称、丰满的株形。     

蓝靛果保健功能研究进展

蓝靛果忍冬是具有重要经济价值的浆果树种,它的果实富含活性物质。综述了蓝靛果在抗氧化、降血脂、预防肿瘤、防辐射、抗炎保肝等方面的保健功能,以期为蓝靛果资源的综合开发利用提供参考。     

浅析“三优”苹果矮化栽培技术在滦南县果园的应用

"三优"苹果矮化栽培即优良品种、优良砧木、优良栽培技术。"三优"是河北农大专家教授经过十多年的研究和攻关创建的成熟栽培体系,是目前世界上最先进的栽培管理技术之一,具有病虫害轻、果品质量好、果个大、果形端正、果面光洁、着色好、早果丰产性强等特点,产生的经济效益高,栽培优势明显。我县与2010年从河北农业大学引进红富士"三优"苗木1100株,在扒齿港镇李庄户村栽植13亩,进行试验示范。通过几年的观察,发现苹果树长势良好,结果早,易管理,产量高,经济效益高。     

黑龙江省玉米产业现状与发展策略

该文分析了黑龙江省玉米产业的现状,阐述了黑龙江省发展玉米产业在地域条件、畜禽养殖等方 面的优势,以及专用玉米品种缺乏、精深加工比重低、社会化服务体系不健全等主要问题与制约因素,并 提出了应重视玉米新品种选育、推广标准化生产技术的、优化产业结构和布局和提高产业组织化程度及建 立产业化网络平台等促进黑龙江省玉米产业发展的策略。     

探索围城经济发展新模式

近年来,黑龙江省双峰农场以“调结构、强管理、增优势、降成本、创特色”为主线,依据“产业围城”“绿色围城”,拓展优势,优化模式,延伸二三产业链,深入推进米袋子、菜篮子、果盘子、肉铺子、奶瓶子工程建设。先后出台优惠政策,鼓励职工群众发展“围城”经济。通过发展“果蔬种植”“食用菌种植”“生态养殖”“鲜奶加工”等产业,实现增产增效。     

黑龙江省马铃薯的比较优势分析

文章采用定性分析和定量分析相结合的方法,客观地评价了黑龙江省马铃薯的比较优势。通过与全国其他马铃薯主产省份的横向比较,与黑龙江省其他4种主要粮食作物的横向比较和1991～2006年黑龙江省马铃薯比较优势的纵向比较发现,黑龙江省马铃薯具有综合比较优势和生产效率优势,不具有生产规模优势,综合比较优势有所减弱,主要原因是生产效率优势减弱。黑龙江省马铃薯具有生产经验、自然条件、土地资源、加工规模和技术等方面的优势,应该大力发展马铃薯产业,扩大马铃薯的生产规模,提高马铃薯的生产效率,培育黑龙江省马铃薯的竞争优势。     

黑龙江省玉米产业发展现状、问题与对策研究

玉米是黑龙江省重要的农作物之一,其产业发展对维护国家粮食安全及带动农村居民致富具有作用。文章在充分分析黑龙江省玉米产业发展现状的基础上,阐述玉米生产区连片、自然条件适合玉米生产等相关优势,分析制约玉米产业的主要因素包括玉米专用品种较少;耕地数量减少和耕地质量逐步退化;产业化水平不高,社会化服务体系不健全;深加工比重低,产品附加值不高;外企种业公司带来的市场冲击等。并从加强玉米新品种的筛选和培育;培育农业加工龙头企业,提高产业化水平;提高组织化程度,合理促进利润分配;优化产业结构,提高玉米市场竞争力;保持耕地总量平衡,加大基本农田保护力度;建立玉米产业信息网络平台,及时发布市场信息等6个方面提出促进黑龙江省玉米产业发展的策略。     

黑龙江省汉麻产业情况概述

本文介绍了黑龙江省汉麻产业的基本情况,分析了汉麻产业较好的基础条件、适宜的生态环境、良好的技术支持和较高的经济效益等发展优势,并针对优良品种缺乏、机械化水平不高、深加工能力不足等问题,提出了加强科技创新,开展技术培训,加强综合利用,延长产业链条,加强行业监管,规范汉麻生产,加强政策引导,扶持产业发展等汉麻产业发展的对策。     

Price transmission between products at different stages of manufacturing in forest industries

The theory of demand and supply implies a positive relationship, or “price transmission” between the prices of products at different stages of manufacturing. This relationship was investigated with quarterly prices of softwood stumpage in the US South, and national prices of forest products, from 1977 to 2002. All prices, net of inflation, were found to be nonstationary and there was no evidence of co-integration between prices. Vector autogressive models, augmented by Granger causality tests and multiplier analysis showed that there was a one-to-one permanent positive response of the southern sawtimber stumpage price to a permanent change in the national lumber price. There was also a one-third permanent positive response of the national paper price to a permanent change in the national pulp price. There was no relation between regional pulpwood prices and national pulp or paper prices. When price transmission was significant, the full adjustment took about 2 years.     

Application of an ecosystem function framework to perceptions of community woodlands

Owners, local residents, government, and conservation organisations can express divergent preferences in the development and management of local woodlands. The perceptions of these four groups were examined, in the context of three community woodlands in Eastern England, using an ecosystem function framework. In a pilot study, residents were able to allocate a relative importance to woodland ecosystem services which were then related to “regulation”, “habitat”, and “production” or “information” functions. However residents also placed importance on negative services or “dis-services” associated with the woodland ecosystem. Therefore a fifth category of “dis-services” was included in the main survey which included 84 local residents, three woodland owners, three government institutions, and six representatives from conservation groups. Each of the four groups placed greatest importance on services associated with habitat (16–39% of the total importance) and information (30–50%) functions suggesting, in this example, mutual interest in the use of woodlands as a habitat or recreational resource. By contrast a potential area of difference was the particularly high importance placed by one owner on dis-services such as fly tipping. In addition the woodland owners placed higher importance (10–20%), than local residents and conservation groups (7–9%), on the productive services of the wood. This suggests a need for communication when production-related operations affect recreation. The ecosystem function framework appears to be a useful approach for highlighting potential tensions and areas of mutual interest in the management of semi-natural ecosystems.     

In Vino ‘No’ Veritas: impacts of fraud on wine imports in China

China is one of the largest wine importing countries in the world and is poised for continued import growth in the future. Increased wine purchases throughout China have given rise to persistent fraud where fake wines are packaged and sold with counterfeit contents and labels. For exporting countries like France, counterfeit wines displace market share, damage foreign brand reputation, and cause distrust in consumers who are aware of counterfeiting problems throughout the country. We examine the impact of fraudulent wine events (as measured by negative media reports) on Chinese wine demand differentiated by supplying country. We employ the Rotterdam demand system and a switching regression procedure to estimate import demand and compare results across different media variable specifications. Results consistently show that negative reports disproportionately affect French wine regardless of how the media variable is specified. This is not surprising because most fraudulent events involve French wine counterfeits.     

An evaluation framework for earthquake-responsive land administration

In recent years earthquakes and their secondary hazards have claimed the largest number of lives of all large natural disasters. Some of the world’s most earthquake-prone zones are also areas of high population density. The impact is magnified by vulnerability factors including non-enforcement of building codes, knowledge gaps, urban poverty and poor governance capacity to manage and reduce earthquake risks. Poor security of land tenure and property rights increases the vulnerability of people and affects their ability to respond to natural disasters.Earthquake recovery and reconstruction provides very significant challenges for land agencies, with these challenges differing from one country to the next due to differences in the local context. Drawing on contrasting case studies in Haiti, Nepal and New Zealand this paper identifies the common post-earthquake land administration functions and challenges that may apply to many contexts. These lessons provide land agencies and other key stakeholders with a summary of the challenges an earthquake poses for land administration at different post-disaster stages. We also discuss the policy and regulatory, institutional, operational and preparedness lessons for land administration. From these lessons we propose a framework for evaluating the earthquake-responsiveness of a land administration system. This framework can be used by a land agency in an earthquake prone region, or where an earthquake has recently occurred, to assess what challenges to land administration might occur in the event of an earthquake, and the preparedness of their land administration system.     

Agrarian Poverty,Nutrition and Economic Class – A Study of Gujarat,India

This paper analyses poverty and calorific undernourishment in the Indian state of Gujarat, where high and market‐led industrial growth has resulted in rapid economic improvement. The study is carried out through a combination of secondary and survey‐based data. We conclude that the neoliberal agenda of uncontrolled, outward‐looking growth has not resulted in significant reduction of poverty or malnourishment in rural areas. Furthermore, while land ownership is officially used as a proxy for wealth distribution, class position appears a better predictor of poverty status in the rural areas than landownership per se. At the policy level, there is a need to revive the agrarian economy and create new non‐agricultural assets, and the primary focus in the state must shift to the distribution of created assets rather than a single‐minded focus on growth.     

Does sustainable agricultural growth require a system of innovation? Evidence from Ghana and Burkina Faso

This paper tests the ‘systems of innovation’ hypothesis for a selection of crops in Ghana and Burkina Faso that have shown significant growth in production over an approximately 20-year period. The question is whether such growth can only occur if supported by a system of innovation. Using two indicators (a common understanding on objectives and priorities, and a high level of interactivity), we find little evidence for the existence of anything that might be considered a high functioning system of innovation.     

Local impacts of industrial tree plantations: An empirical analysis in Indonesia across plantation types

The values ascribed to industrial tree plantations are often controversial. Hence knowledge of their perceived impacts is important for improving their integration in rural landscapes. In 2016 we conducted household surveys with 606 respondents living in villages adjacent to acacia, teak and pine plantations across three islands in Indonesia (Java, Borneo, Sumatra). Results show that perceptions toward pine and teak plantations tend to differ from those toward acacia pulpwood plantations in several ways. Pine and teak plantations are perceived to have a higher number and variety of benefits and services, a higher number of positive impacts, a better environmental record, and to present more opportunities to local people for use of plantation land and products for improving rural livelihoods. In addition, we find that villagers around acacia pulpwood plantations tend to seek economic development and infrastructure to open up remote areas, yet their expectations were often only partially met. Recommendations from our analysis include: the role of the State in plantations must be clarified and potentially reinforced; the role of institutions as intermediaries is fundamental; and contributions by communities to design of management plans should be accommodated.     

土地学科的建设和发展——"土地学科发展规划研讨会"综述

中国土地科学学科发展已取得很大成就,表现为专业教育和人才培养成绩突出、初步形成学科体系、取得大批研究成果.而存在的问题主要是基础理论研究欠缺、独特的土地科学研究方法体系尚未形成、研究角度单一、学术交流质量不高和学科带头人的影响力不足.土地科学学科发展目前面临着巨大的机遇和挑战,应明确土地科学学科发展的基本思路、发展目标及2010-2020年的主要建设任务和保障措施.     

Upstream demand for water use by new tree plantations imposes externalities on downstream irrigated agriculture and wetlands*

Large‐scale tree plantations in high rainfall upstream areas can reduce fresh water inflows to river systems, thereby imposing external costs on downstream irrigation, stock and domestic water users and wetland interests. We take the novel approach of expressing all benefits and costs of establishing plantations in terms of $ per gigalitre (GL) of water removed annually from river flows, setting upstream demands on the same basis as downstream demands. For the Macquarie Valley, a New South Wales sub‐catchment of Australia’s Murray‐Darling Basin, we project changes in land and water use and changes in economic surpluses under two policy settings: without and with a policy requiring permanent water entitlements to be purchased from downstream parties, before plantation establishment. Without the policy, and given a high stumpage value for trees ($70/m³), upstream gains in economic surplus projected from expanding plantations are $639 million; balanced against $233 million in economic losses by downstream irrigators and stock and domestic water users for a net gain of $406 million, but 345 GL lower mean annual environmental flows. With the policy, smaller gains in upstream economic surplus from trees ($192 million), added to net downstream gains ($138 million) from sale of water, result in gains of $330 million with no reduction in environmental flows. Sustaining the 345 GL flow for a $76 million (406–330) reduction in gains to economic surplus may be seen to cost only $0.22 million/GL; but this is much lower than the market value of the first units of that water to agriculture and forestry.     

Underpayment of Small Producers of Coffee and Cocoa in Sierra Leone

Fieldwork shows that many Sierra Leonean producers do not receive the official producer price for their coffee and cocoa, due to the concentration of buying stations, credit relations, the small quantities offered for sale, and the lack of marketing knowledge of the numerous and unorganized farmers. To the traders underpayment may seem economically justifiable to a certain extent, but to the farmers it means poverty and debt. A new village marketing centre project aims at remedying this situation and has already led to higher prices. Although no longer allowed to take their "just" share from the producers, traders are still willing to deal with the new centres.