组织间信任与组织间人际信任的作用比较——来自中国家电分销渠道的实证分析

企业间关系中的信任可以分为两个层次：组织间信任和组织间人际信任。西方营销学者曾在许多研究中检验两个层次的信任对组织间关系变量的影响。本文通过构建一个结构方程模型．以家电分销渠道中的分销商为样本，对比了中国市场上两个层次的信任对一些重要的组织问关系变量的作用，以此来展现中国市场上企业间关系中信任的特征。     

组织间信任、网络结构和知识存量对网络创新绩效的影响分析——以知识共享为中介

基于国内外相关研究,分析了组织间信任、组织结构和知识存量,通过知识共享对网络创新绩效的影响,构建了组织间信任、网络结构、知识存量、知识共享和创新绩效的关系模型。并以西安高新技术产业区的124家企业为对象,运用SPSS与LISREL进行实证研究,研究结果表明,组织间信任、网络结构和知识存量会通过知识共享来影响创新绩效。     

以组织间信任为支点的组织间关系对跨组织成本管理绩效的影响研究

在中间组织理论、交易成本理论、战略成本理论和委托代理理论的基础上,研究了组织间关系质量对跨组织成本管理绩效的影响,并以关系质量中的信任维度为支点,分析了组织间信任对组织间关系质量的影响。     

饭店顾客忠诚影响机制实证研究——基于心理契约范式下

如何构建和提高饭店与顾客间的关系质量,促进顾客忠诚是现代饭店生存和发展的根本.而要提高饭店与顾客间的关系质量,必须注重交易过程中顾客的心理变化,了解顾客忠诚的影响因素和形成机理.文章将心理契约理论引入顾客关系研究,在心理契约范式的研究基础上,提出心理契约、关系形态、顾客满意、顾客信任及顾客忠诚间的关系假设,采用结构方程建模法构建模型,并通过饭店行业的实证分析,验证了心理契约范式下的饭店顾客忠诚影响机制,为酒店提升顾客忠诚提供理论指导和依据.     

知识员工心理契约、组织信任与知识共享意愿

在知识经济时代,知识是组织获取核心竞争力的关键。本文选取我国上海、温州、南昌等地24家高科技企业知识员工为调查对象,构建知识员工心理契约与知识共享意愿模型,并通过实证研究对理论模型进行验证。研究结果显示,知识员工心理契约中关系型心理契约与显性/隐性知识共享意愿都呈显著正向影响,且影响力最大,因此,也是知识共享意愿的关键因素。其中,组织信任在两者之间起部分中介作用。     

专业化感知、专业声誉与组织信任关系实证研究——针对专业服务业的调查

综合考虑组织信任相关影响因素,以感知理论、信任理论和声誉理论为基石,以专业服务企业客户企业为调查样本,构建"专业感知—专业声誉—组织信任"概念模型,并对模型进行实证分析与检验。研究结果表明:专业人员感知、专业产出感知和专业流程感知对组织信任及专业声誉均具有正向影响,专业声誉对组织信任具有正向影响,专业声誉对专业人员感知与组织信任间关系以及专业流程感知与组织信任间关系存在部分中介效应,专业声誉对专业产出感知与组织信任间关系存在完全中介效应。     

专业化感知、专业声誉与组织信任关系实证研究

综合考虑组织信任相关影响因素,以感知理论、信任理论和声誉理论为基石,以专业服务企业客户企业为调查样本,构建“专业感知—专业声誉—组织信任”概念模型,并对模型进行实证分析与检验。研究结果表明：专业人员感知、专业产出感知和专业流程感知对组织信任及专业声誉均具有正向影响,专业声誉对组织信任具有正向影响,专业声誉对专业人员感知与组织信任间关系以及专业流程感知与组织信任间关系存在部分中介效应,专业声誉对专业产出感知与组织信任间关系存在完全中介效应。     

创新网络组织间知识转移影响因素元分析

为梳理创新网络组织间知识转移影响因素并从中识别关键因素,从知识特性、组织主体属性、组织间关系特征和网络结构特征等多维度出发,构建创新网络组织间知识转移影响因素模型,运用元分析方法对国内外2003-2018年80篇实证研究文献进行整合分析。结果显示：创新网络组织间知识转移阻碍因素有知识复杂性、内隐性、组织距离和知识距离,组织距离的阻碍作用最为显著;促进因素有转移意愿、转移能力、接受意愿、吸收能力、关系强度、信任、沟通、网络规模、中心性和结构洞,其中结构洞的促进作用效果最强;地理距离的影响不显著,但地理集聚因素在吸收能力、接受意愿、知识距离、关系强度、信任、网络规模和网络中心性与创新网络知识转移的关系中具有显著调节作用,并且知识距离的双重作用得到解释。     

基于中介与调节效应的交易型领导对组织创新的作用研究

选择职业经理人作为研究对象,分析了交易型领导风格的管理者与组织创新间的关系,结果发现,交易型领导风格的管理者与组织创新间存在复杂的关系,受到组织学习的中介效应和组织信任的调节效应影响。当组织学习较弱时,交易型领导与组织创新间具有负相关性。而组织信任则通过调节效应影响交易型领导风格的管理者对组织学习模式和组织创新模式的选择。组织信任较低时,交易型领导倾向于选择利用式学习模式,强化组织惯例,制约创新。而组织信任较高时,交易型领导则会加深探索式学习的程度,更易产生突破式创新。     

基于心理契约中小企业激励机制的几点思考

文章探讨了组织中的心理契约对于中小企业员工激励的影响。首先,介绍了心理契约的概念、类型、特点,心理违背的影响。其次,从激励的概念入手,分析了中小企业的激励中存在的问题。最后,指出心理契约对激励的积极作用,提出通过健全沟通机制、强化信任关系、建立健康的心理契约关系来完善激励机制。     

网络外部性、商业模式与PC市场结构

本文基于PC市场规模经济和网络外部性的特点 ,构建了扩展的豪泰林模型 ,研究了PC市场结构的决定因素和形成机理及厂商的不同商业模式 :在规模经济明显和网络外部性强的PC互补品市场上往往呈现出双寡头竞争格局 ,先进入PC市场的厂商较传统产业享有更大的成本优势和网络外部性优势 ,后来厂商不得不强化传统的价格和产品差异化等竞争手段 ,采取不同的商业模式参与竞争 ;在规模经济不明显和网络外部性弱的PC互补品市场往往呈现出多家企业进行垄断竞争的格局 ,双寡头市场上的厂商则根据不同的比较优势与垄断竞争市场的相关厂商进行合作或竞争。     

碳排放约束下的发电技术选择——以PC发电和IGCC发电为例

以两种发电技术——PC发电和IGCC发电为例,研究了在碳排放约束下发电企业的技术选择问题。结果表明:当碳排放价格处于低位时,PC发电的投资价值仍优于IGCC发电;随着碳排放价格的提高,IGCC发电的投资价值将超过PC发电,因此投资PC发电极可能是短视的;当企业投资CCS技术后,投资IGCC发电可能使企业拥有氢能源转换期权,该期权能激励投资IGCC发电的企业更早投资CCS技术。最后,基于破坏性创新理论,进一步论证了投资PC发电可能是短视行为的原因。     

Employment transitions and computer use of older workers

Our empirical analysis studies the impact of computer use on out of employment transitions of older workers, disentangling the effect of using a Personal Computer (PC) at work from that of being PC literate. Data are drawn from the 2000, 2002 and 2004 waves of the Bank of Italy Survey on Household Income and Wealth. We provide empirical evidence that, even controlling for a wide set of covariates, older employees who use a PC at work have a higher probability of remaining employed in the future. However, our results also indicate that, once PC literacy is controlled for, the use of a PC at work decreases only marginally the risk of becoming not employed (i.e. the effect is smaller than the one registered when we do not control for PC literacy).     

Construct Validity of Dichotomous and Polychotomous Choice Contingent Valuation Questions

In this note we conduct construct validity tests for dichotomous choice (DC) and polychotomous choice (PC) contingent valuation questions. Contrary to previous results, we find that DC and PC estimates of willingness to pay are theoretically valid, convergent valid, and similar in terms of statistical precision. Similar to previous results, PC respondents are less sensitive to information than DC respondents. We conclude that DC and PC valuation questions are construct valid for this study. Sequential PC valuation questions could be used in studies where obtaining information about the certainty or intensity of respondent preferences would be useful.     

PVA-PC-KOH-H2O碱性固体聚合物电解质的制备和表征

以PVA-KOH-H2O体系碱性固体聚合物电解质为基质,添加适量碳酸丙烯酯(PC)做增塑剂来提高性能。利用X-射线衍射分析、红外光谱技术分析、交流阻抗谱和循环伏安法等对样品进行了表征。研究结果表明,聚合物电解质以无定形态为主,含极少量晶相,PC的适量添加可以降低电解质膜的结晶度增大无定形区域,从而提高室温离子电导率,当PVA:PC=3:1(质量比)复合电解质膜的室温电导率最高可达4.41×10-2S/cm,同时电化学稳定窗口也满足使用要求(相对于不锈钢电极,其电压稳定窗口为3.5V)。     

Quantitative analysis of modularization in the automobile and PC industries

Much research has been done on modularizing the PC industry and automobile industry. In the analysis of the effect of modularization in the PC and automobile industries, however, very little of this research has been quantitative. In this paper, we use the number of patent applications for PC and automobile components to analyze the modularization in the PC and automobile industry. We calculated a ratio of the number of patents applied for by PC/automobile manufacturers vis-à-vis the total number of patent applications for the components, and used it to quantitatively judge whether PC/automobile manufacturers still hold the initiative with respect to R&D. The analysis indicates that PC manufacturers no longer hold the R&D initiative but that automobile manufacturers still do for engine control systems. On the other hand, it indicates that automobile manufacturers no longer hold the R&D initiative on the safety and communication control systems. The paper finally verifies the correlation between modularization and R&D initiative by means of regression analysis.     

Relating inertia and experience in technology markets: an analysis of households’ personal computer choices

This article empirically analyses how households’ PC purchasing behaviours change with market experience. We find that: households generally exhibit inertia in their PC purchases, the level of inertia is increasing as a function of experience on the PC market, and, for households switching brands, the likelihood of buying a lesser-known brand increases with experience, regardless of the brand of the previous purchase. These findings are consistent with the predictions of a simple learning model, and extend our understanding of how market experience affects purchasing behaviour to an important technology product, with implications that may apply to other similar products.     

Consumers’ preferences for the attributes of post-PC: results of a contingent ranking study

With the explosive growth of the internet and the change in consumer demand, post-PC is emerging as a substitute for the existing desktop PC and laptop PC. post-PC is a new computer which is portable with wireless networking, cheaper than the existing PC and specializing in the specific functions that consumers want. Rudimentary post-PCs such as PDA, web-pad and smart-phone are already in use. In the future, owing to technological progress, the heterogeneity of related companies and the low entry barrier, various post-PCs will be developed. This paper attempts to analyse consumers’ willingness-to-pay (WTP) for post-PC with such attributes as portability, CPU speed, data input method (using key board or electric pen), monitor size, and price. To this end, a contingent ranking method is applied, which makes the respondents rank hypothetical post-PC alternatives featuring various combinations of attributes, via a survey data collected in Korea. Using the estimated WTP, the shape and the capacity of future post-PC are predicted and policy implications drawn for national- and company-level R&D strategies.     

Regulation and pricing of pharmaceuticals: Reference pricing or price cap regulation?

We study the relationship between regulatory regimes and pharmaceutical firms’ pricing strategies using a unique policy experiment in Norway, which in 2003 introduced a reference price (RP) system called “index pricing” for a sub-sample of off-patent pharmaceuticals, replacing the existing price cap (PC) regulation. We estimate the effect of the reform using a product level panel dataset, covering the drugs exposed to RP and a large number of drugs still under PC regulation in the time before and after the policy change. Our results show that RP significantly reduces both brand-name and generic prices within the reference group, with the effect being stronger for brand-names. We also identify a negative cross-price effect on therapeutic substitutes not included in the RP system. In terms of policy implications, the results suggest that RP is more effective than PC regulation in lowering drug prices, while the cross-price effect raises a concern about patent protection.     

THE DYNAMICS OF THE “MATURE” PRODUCT CYCLE AND MARKET REYCLING,FLYING‐GEESE STYLE: AN EMPIRICAL EXAMINATION AND POLICY IMPLICATIONS

The product cycle (PC) model of trade has led to an extensive theoretical literature examining the relations between the innovating Northand the imitating South countries. Closely related is the flying‐geese (FG) theory, which emphasizes the transfer of production from a higher developing South country to a lower developing country in search of lower production costs.This article explores empirically the time series pattern of TV exports from 10 Asian economies to the United States and examines policy implications. The observed pattern is consistent with both the PC and FG models in a combined form.