国际技术转移与我国技术创新

在经济全球化、一体化的背景下,跨国公司作为国际技术转移主体的作用正在不断增强,FDI的流入的确推动了我国的经济进步,但跨国公司为了维持其在某些领域的垄断地位,还会千方百计地阻挠这种技术的转移和扩散,加上我国自身的经济结构和体制的障碍及吸收学习能力的有限,技术转移的效应可能达不到理想的理论水平.因此,既要注重跨国公司的技术转移,又不能忽视我国的技术创新,这是实现经济可持续增长的根本所在.     

Contracting for tacit knowledge: the provision of technical services in technology licensing contracts

Recent research on the economic payoff from new technology has emphasized the importance of tacit knowledge or know-how. This paper shows that arm's length contract can overcome the problems in contracting for know-how by bundling complementary inputs with know-how in a technology package, and leveraging the superior enforceability of contracts over the latter. In the empirical part of this paper, the relationship between bundling and transfer of know-how is analyzed, using Indian data. The results imply that tied sales of inputs may increase the efficiency of contracts involving the transfer of know-how. A striking result, in the context of the current North-South debates on intellectual property rights, is the packaging of patents with know-how.     

A competitive general equilibrium model of technology transfer,innovation, and obsolescence

A general equilibrium production model is developed where technologies are embodied in capital goods of different vintages indexed in a continuum. A difference in the extent of existing knowledge determines a wage gap between a developed (north) and a developing region (south). With free flow of technology, relatively backward technologies move to the south. With innovation in the north, a technology cycle is created by which some of the technologies are pushed out of the north into the south. This also tends to widen the wage gap between the regions.     

Linking technology innovation strategy,intellectual capital and technology innovation performance in manufacturing SMEs

The research interest on Intellectual Capital (IC) has been increasing, adopting different definitions and developing diverse measurement tools. Nonetheless, little research focuses on small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and the relation between IC and innovation management. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the role of technology innovation strategy on the IC development and then on innovation performance in manufacturing SMEs. After conducting a survey, measures of IC for SMEs have been performed and an integrated structural equation model has been created. Results demonstrate that technology innovation strategy affects all IC components, the internal structural capital supports the relational and human capital, and the latter two influence firm technology innovation performance. This study contributes to developing an IC measurement system in SMEs and to emphasise the importance of single IC components in improving technology innovation performance.     

基于产业链的自主创新的政策支撑体系研究

科技和创新是经济发展的关键,建设创新型国家是提升国家竞争力的重大战略决策.本文以产业经济学、创新管理理论为指导,在梳理各项自主创新政策在产业链上的作用机理后进行了实证,得出政府应在构建产业创新系统的基础上选择重点产业、根据上下游关系制定相关政策、加大对产业链上关键技术和核心技术政策支持力度、以重大产品开发为龙头带动整体自主创新的政策建议.     

Technological diversity,knowledge flow and capacity,and industrial innovation

ABSTRACT

This article examines the effect of technological diversity, knowledge flow and capacity on industrial innovation performance. We suggest that there is an inverse U-shaped relationship between technological diversity and industrial innovation performance. Moreover, knowledge flow and knowledge capacity are hypothesised as negatively moderating the effect of technological diversity on industrial innovation performance. We use negative binomial regression to test the hypotheses in a panel data of 360 industry-year cases and the findings support our prediction. Managerial implications and future research directions are discussed.     

CO2 emissions, research and technology transfer in China

Although the economy of China has grown very strongly over the last few decades, this spectacular performance has come at the expense of rapid environmental deterioration. Amidst animated debate on the issue of global warming, this study attempts to explore the determinants of CO₂ emissions in China using aggregate data for more than half a century. Adopting an analytical framework that combines the environmental literature with modern endogenous growth theories, the results indicate that CO₂ emissions in China are negatively related to research intensity, technology transfer and the absorptive capacity of the economy to assimilate foreign technology. Our findings also indicate that more energy use, higher income and greater trade openness tend to cause more CO₂ emissions.     

Agglomeration, innovation and international research mobility

This paper discusses a model of the New Economic Geography, in which the seminal core-periphery model of Krugman [Krugman, P., 1991, Increasing returns and economic geography, Journal of Political Economy 99, 483–499.] is extended by endogenous research activities. Beyond the common ‘anonymous’ consideration of R&D expenditures within fixed costs, this model introduces in an analytically tractable approach vertical product differentiation in combination with a de-integrated R&D sector. In the context of international factor mobility, the destabilizing effects of a mobile scientific workforce are analyzed. Based upon a simple welfare analysis, a consideration of R&D promoting policy instruments and their spatial implications, this paper makes a contribution to the brain-drain debate.     

基于政府管理的技术创新扩散激励机制研究

政府与技术创新扩散企业之间是一种委托——代理关系，表现出若干激励冲突。政府通过政策组合和优化市场环境管理手段可以有效地抑制或弱化这些冲突的发生。在分析政府与技术创新扩散主体之间的激励冲突的基础上，对政府管理的政策激励机制和市场激励机制进行了研究，从政策激励和市场激励两方面构建了基于政府管理的技术创新扩散激励机制。     

Regulation, innovation and public welfare: the example of the food industry

The complex relationship between innovation and regulation in the food industry is analyzed with a view to identifying the ways in which regulation both promotes and inhibits particular kinds of innovation, and also the relevance of both innovation and regulation to the protection and improvement of public health. The effects of regulation on innovation are complex, since regulation simultaneously inhibits some kinds of development while encouraging others, but those which are inhibited are typically unsafe or undesirale. There is, however, no evidence that public welfare is being undermined by excessive regulations or by too few innovations in the food sector.     

Analytical lenses on innovation: a research note

Industrial innovation is the focus of a wide range ofresearch efforts. This research is highly diverse; focusing, for example, on the nature and process of innovation, systems and particular technologies, sectors and firms . Each of these different approaches is revealing and greater efforts are needed to combine the insights fram different disciplines and methodologies to enhance cumulativeness in our knowledge of this important issue.     

专利保护、补充性资产与创新企业技术许可选择

创新企业采用什么方式阻止竞争对手的模仿创新是创新战略的重要部分,分析专利保护和补充性资产对创新企业技术许可的影响,发现专利保护和补充性资产对创新企业选择技术许可,阻止模仿创新有着重要的影响,在此基础上,本文建立库诺特模型分析了市场主导型创新企业的最优技术许可战略.     

The purpose and effectiveness of technology transfer to small businesses by government-sponsored innovation centres

The Dutch government instituted regional innovation centres (ICs) for the stimulationof technology transfer to small business. In the context of an evaluation of these ICs, technology transfer is analysed on the basis of the adoption process according to Rogers. Attention is given to problems of bounded rationality, in particular tacit knowledge that arise especially among small business. Rogers criteria for adpoption are extended and supplemented with criteria for product innovation. The purpose of ICs is reconstructed as the guidance of firms in the adoption process, on the basis of the criteria. The analysis develops into a market segmentation of firms as a basis for a marketing plan for ICs. The segmentation corresponds with the taxonomy of firms in the context of diffusion that was developed by Pavitt on the basis of an innovation data base. Effectiveness of ICs is defined as the setting of proper priorities with respect to market segmentation, and a guidance of firms in the adoption process which enters and leaves the adoption process neither too late nor too early with approaches adopted to the market segments.     

基于系统动力学下黑龙江省科技创新的金融支持研究

基于黑龙江省2000—2010年统计年鉴公布的数据,定量分析了金融对科技创新的支持作用,构建了黑龙江省金融对科技创新支持的动态模拟流图及系统动力学模型,并通过VensimV5.9仿真模拟.利用该模型从增加财政投入、金融业发展规模及加大金融业参与科技创新的协作力度三方面设定模拟方案,分析了金融支持对科技创新的影响,对今后几年科技创新的关键指标进行了预测,并提出了为提高关键指标应采取的措施,为管理决策提供了参考依据.     

Tacit knowledge, the life cycle and international manufacturing transfer

The ease with which a firm can tranfer its manufacturing capability is strongly affected by the transferability of the manufacturing processes involved. A key determinant of transferability is the nature of the knowledge that has accumulated in the transmitting firm. The life cycle model can provide the basis for a discussion of knowledge accumulation, and home for manufacturing process tranferability over time. Drawing upon ideas of tacit knowing, the authors chllenge the assumption that a manufacturing process necessarily becomes more tranferable as it matures. Data drawn from six case studies are used to illustrate how tacit knowledge can aflect the transfer process. The paper concludes with a typology of tacit knowledge in the manufacturing environment, and sugests steps which a firm might take to improve its transfer capability.     

Technology transfer and innovation performance: Evidence from Chinese firms

This paper explores the relationship between technology transfer activities and innovation performance with special reference to Chinese industrial firms. It is based on a recent nationwide survey covering 2334 Chinese industrial firms. The impact of technology transfer on their innovative performance was analyzed for all the responded firms and similar analyses also addressed the issue from perspectives of general industrial firms versus high-tech firms, and large firms versus small and medium firms. Several critical types of technology transfer activities were identified and both positive and negative impacts were discussed along with the Pearson correlation analysis and stepwise regression analysis. The study revealed that the innovation activities in Chinese manufacturing firms could not be boosted substantially merely through the acquisition of key equipment and apparatus from abroad. The findings also suggested that Chinese firms should develop their technological absorptive capacity and transformative capacity, and foster technology transfer and communications among trading partners. Moreover, it would be crucial for Chinese firms to stress the nurturing of indigenous innovation capabilities so as to sustain their performance improvement.