论纳税人的权利与义务

在税收关系中，国家作为权利主体有依法征税的权利，纳税人作为义务主体有依法纳税的义务。但国家作为税收主体对其征税权利应伴有相应义务，纳税人的纳税义务应伴有相应权利这一重大问题的在我国理论界和实际工作中都没有予以足够的重视。在传统税收理论中，被视为区别税与非税标志的税收“三性”，即强制性、无偿性和固定性是我国传统税收观念的理论基础。我们认为，国家对税收中单方面强调强制性、无偿性还远远不够。应以本文的“     

税收执法中纳税人权利保障的分析

近年来,随着人们权利意识的增强,纳税人权利问题逐渐受到税法学者乃至纳税人的普遍关注。从税收执法的角度入手,深入分析了税收执法中中国纳税人权利保障的问题与不足,进而提出完善中国纳税人权利保障的具体建议,以期对中国纳税人权利保障有关问题引起人们更深层次的认识。     

纳税人意识刍议

我国目前存在的偷漏税现象比较严重,每年偷漏税额高达几千个亿,其他涉税违法犯罪如虚开增值税发票、骗取出口退税、暴力抗税等案件也时有发生。对此,常有人指责国人普遍缺乏纳税意识。所谓纳税意识,通常是指公民、法人或其他组织对税收的认识与评价程度以及正确履行纳税义务的自觉程度。由此可见,纳税意识只片面强调应尽纳税义务,忽视或不含有因纳税而享有权利的意思。问题的症结正在于此。     

唤醒纳税人意识

只有唤醒纳税人意识,在培养纳税人权利意识的过程中,才可能形成真正的纳税意识。纳税人意识从低到高,依次由权利意识、主权意识、平等意识、诉讼意识、参政意识五个层次构成,而这五个层次的背面就是程度不同、依次递进的纳税意识。因此,培养纳税人自觉的纳税人意识,就要研究纳税人的各种税感受及由此产生的不同潜意识,通过生动的现代税收理论宣传,唤醒纳税人意识,使其为自身利益、地位及其实现而努力奋斗而自觉纳税。     

纳税意识与纳税人意识

随着我国对纳税人权利的重视程度越来越高,对其内容的规定越来越详细,人们开始意识到纳税人意识与纳税意识之间的差别.本文将从纳税人意识这一概念入手,辨析纳税意识与纳税人意识的差别以及人们长期忽略该差别的原因以及改善的方法.     

纳税意识与纳税人意识

随着我国对纳税人权利的重视程度越来越高，对其内容的规定越来越详细，人们开始意识到纳税人意识与纳税意识之间的差别。本文将从纳税人意识这一概念入手，辨析纳税意识与纳税人意识的差别以及人们长期忽略该差别的原因以及改善的方法。     

谈新税收征管法中的纳税人权益

新的税收征管法出台已几个月了,这部法最引人注目的莫过于对纳税人权益的修订(有人统计过,有关纳税人权益的条款多达28个),这对纳税人来讲,无疑是一种鼓舞,然而兴奋之余,细细深思,其意义远大于条款修订本身.     

浅析选择一般纳税人和小规模纳税人身份的税收筹划

根据增值税暂行条例及其实施细则的规定,以实例的方式阐述了一般纳税人和小规模纳税人身份选择的税收筹划,旨在通过税收筹划降低企业的税务成本和税务风险。总之,为了使企业的税务成本降低,对纳税人来说,进行纳税人身份选择的纳税筹划有其必要性。     

纳税意识与税收观念

一、国民的纳税意识取决于税收观念税收观念是人们在社会经济生活中获得的对税收的基本认识,即对国家为什么征税,国民为什么     

纳税人权利保护的立法构建

中国现行税收立法中有关纳税人权利保护的规定内容残缺、体系凌乱、效力低下．与强大的税收权力无法抗衡。以纳税人权利保护为视角审视中国税收法律制度,探究其缺陷及成因,并寻求未来的立法构建之路：未来的税收立法中应当全面贯彻税收法定原则,构建和谐征纳关系,注重纳税人权利救济,以此实现纳税人权利全方位的立法保护。     

国家、征税部门及纳税人的博弈分析

宪政税制是世界各国税收制度发展的趋势.在我国经济逐步纳入国际化和依法治国措施不断完善与推进的过程中,我国宪政税收制度的建设还很滞后.本文从国家、征税部门和纳税人三方博弈的角度阐述了我国宪政税制建设的可能路径选择.     

关于我国课征环境税的建议

与其它经济和非经济的政策手段相比，环境税有它自身的优点。首先探讨了课征环境税的理论基石，分析了在当前形势下在我国课征环境税的必要性，在此基础上提出了我国课征环境税的设想。     

经合组织国家的环境税收政策

１９７２年，经济合作与发展组织（OECD）提出了污染者付费原则。这一原则的定义是“污染者应当承担由政府决定的控制污染措施的费用，以保证环境处于可接受的状态”。该原则主要针对污染者将外部不经济转嫁给社会的不合理现象，要求污染者承担治理污染源，消除环境污染，赔偿受害人损失的费用。以此将外部成本内部化。根据这一原则，OECD国家普遍实行了征收环境税的政策。一、OECD国家的环境税收政策环境税收是指国家为了实现特定的环境目标、调节纳税人行为、筹集环保资金而征收的税收和采取的各种税收措施。其内容主要包括两个方面…     

论环境质量的消费性与环境意识

本文首先回顾了西方发达国家环保运动发展史,然后从家庭消费结构的演替视角来探讨环境质量的消费功能,指出环境意识与经济发展的密切关系,最后结合我国的资源环境与经济的可持续发展提出合理环保投入和政府行为的重要作用。     

The Effect of Capital Gains Taxation on Home Sales: Evidence from the Taxpayer Relief Act of 1997

The Taxpayer Relief Act of 1997 (TRA97) significantly changed the tax treatment of housing capital gains in the United States. Before 1997, homeowners were subject to capital gains taxation when they sold their houses unless they purchased replacement homes of equal or greater value. Since 1997, homeowners can exclude capital gains of $500,000 (or $250,000 for single filers) when they sell their houses. Such dramatic changes provide a good opportunity to study the lock-in effect of capital gains taxation on home sales. Using 1982-2008 transaction data on single-family houses in 16 affluent towns within the Boston metropolitan area, I find that TRA97 reversed the lock-in effect of capital gains taxes on houses with low and moderate capital gains. Specifically, the semiannual sales rate of houses with positive gains up to $500,000 increased by 0.40-0.62 percentage points after TRA97, representing a 19-24 percent increase from the pre-TRA97 baseline sales rate. In contrast, I do not find TRA97 to have a significant effect on houses with gains above $500,000. Moreover, the short-term effect of TRA97 is much larger than the long-term effect, suggesting that many previously locked-in homeowners took advantage of the exclusions immediately after TRA97. In addition, I exploit the 2001 and 2003 legislative changes in the capital gains tax rate to estimate the tax elasticity of home sales during the post-TRA97 period. The estimation results suggest that a $10,000 increase in capital gains taxes reduces the semiannual home sales rate by about 0.1-0.2 percentage points, or 6-13 percent from the post-TRA97 average sales rate.     

我国税务环境的现状分析

我国税务的立法环境、司法环境、征税环境和纳税环境都有各自业已形成的现状 ,都能在优化税务环境中发挥一定的积极作用 ,但各自都存在着不能令人满意的方面。充分研究这些不足 ,不仅是为了研究现状 ,而且更着眼于将来的综合治理。     

刍议信息化纳税信息服务的优化

我国的纳税信息服务(即税收宣传)与税收咨询工作存在着受传统模式影响较深、内容相对简单、效率相对低下等问题,应借鉴国际先进经验,强化人力资源的培训,构建统一服务平台,完善质量监管体系等,以实现信息化纳税信息服务的优化.     

Taxpayer Disclosure and Penalty Laws

The consequences of a penalty exemption available to U.S. taxpayers who disclose aggressive reporting positions is examined via a game theoretic model. Results indicate that (i) the tax agency's expected revenue collections (net of audit costs) decline under the disclosure exemption, and (ii) the impact of disclosure regulations depends on the taxpayer's type. Of particular interest, we find that taxpayers who are likely to prevail on an uncertain issue decrease their expected payments although they do not disclose in equilibrium. The impact on the amount of resources absorbed by the tax collection process is also examined.     

Efficient Dynamic Pollution Taxation in an Uncertain Environment

This paper analyzes efficient pollution taxation within a stochastic model of endogenous growth. Pollution is a by-product of production and causes disutility. Furthermore, the productivity which results from environmental quality is uncertain. This reflects e.g. uncertain capital depreciation induced by natural disasters like hurricanes or floods. This uncertainty is shown to raise an ambiguous impact on the optimal pollution level as well as on optimal environmental taxation. Market equilibrium turns out to be suboptimal, since the households mis-perceive their individual impact on pollution. Conditions for welfare maximizing pollution taxation are stated and it is shown that a direct pollution tax is not appropriate to yield Pareto-optimal growth. Instead, a linear capital income tax together with a linear abatement subsidy build an efficient tax scheme, if secondarily the governmental budget is balanced. Moreover, an increase in the riskiness of environmental productivity may even lead to an increase in the optimal pollution level and to a decrease in optimal environmental taxation, depending predominantly on the preference parameters.      

Experimental Estimates of Taxpayer Ethics

This paper extends the existing literature on taxpayer ethics in three ways. First, we construct a two-stage model of decision making, which allows us to disentangle risk preferences from ethical motivations for income tax compliance. Second, we develop a new experimental data set, which permits us to estimate the magnitudes of the relevant personality traits, risk aversion and morality, at the individual level. Third, we combine the experimental data with participant surveys so that ethical preferences are not only measured but also linked to demographic characteristics. We find that ethical preferences are correlated with risk aversion, age, gender, and marital status, among other characteristics.