英国居民中的北京形象探析

旅游目的地形象直接关系着自身的吸引力和潜在旅游价值的开发与前景。对于英国旅游者和居民而言，中国北京只是在历史、文化、艺术和传统饮食等强势因素方面存在吸引力，而在当地交通、购物、环境、英文交流等方面存在着较大的排斥性。而且到过北京和没有到过北京的英国民众对北京印象存在着明显的区别。进一步开发北京旅游资源和对外拓展旅游空间，除加大历史传承领域的建设和保护力度之外，还应当强化旅游营销，提升旅游的软环境吸引力。     

浅谈循环经济理念下非优景区旅游产品开发原则及产品的促销策略

旅游产品促销的含义是旅游企业以人员或非人员的方式传递信息,运用各种短期的诱因,激发旅游者的购买欲望,提高销售,加快旅游者接受新产品的过程。其实质是传播与沟通旅游产品及相关信息。旅游服务产品的特性决定了旅游者在选购时对信息的依赖和高要求,因此旅游产品促销对于资源吸引力、影响力有限的旅游资源非优景区的旅游产品促销就显得尤为重要。     

文化魅力促使旅游动机的产生

在旅游业中,影响旅游者产生旅游动机的因素是旅游业前进的关键问题。文章提出了文化的魅力在激发旅游者产生旅游动机中的巨大作用,论述了结合历史、饮食、宗教、民俗多元素的影响共同开发旅游产品,创造具有鲜明文化魅力的产品来激发旅游者产生旅游的动机．推动旅游业的发展。     

延边地区文化旅游营销策略探讨

随着国际旅游业的高速发展和旅游者自身素质的不断增强,旅游者对于产品的需求程度有了一定的转变和发展,往往对于旅游产品的参与性和文化特色给予了更多的关注。文化旅游是一种高层次的旅游活动,它可以给旅游者带来知识、精神和智力方面的满足感,因此受到了很多旅游者的喜爱,代表着旅游业的发展方向。文章在对延边朝鲜族自治州文化旅游资源进行分析的基础上提出了发展文化旅游的具体营销策略,为延边地区文化旅游发展提供了一些参考和建议。     

浅析拉萨藏传佛教文化深层旅游体验——一种人本质异化论的视角

拉萨藏传佛教文化深层旅游体验是旅游者对藏传佛教文化深层旅游资源的心理体验,其体验过程是在神圣与世俗之间的张力下进行的,体验行为的发生根源于人本质的异化,旅游者对拉萨藏传佛教文化深层旅游资源的旅游体验过程实质上是人们寻找自性的方式之一。     

文化旅游发展中存在的问题及发展策略

正文化旅游是文化产业的一个重要组成部分,是以历史文化遗存、建筑、民族艺术和民俗、宗教、自然风光为基础进行资源拓展或者以文化活动作为核心产品的旅游。文化旅游包括从历史文化遗迹的观光游览到民俗风情的体验和文化艺术活动的参与等各种形式,具有怀旧、体验和参与等特点。寻求文化享受已成为当前旅游者的一种风尚。文化旅游产业是一种特殊的综合性产业,因其关联度高、涉及面广、辐射力强、带动性大而成为21世     

关于加快柳州市文化旅游产业建设的思考

文化旅游是通过以某个国家或区域的文化、艺术、宗教等为观赏对象和消费内容,使旅游者获得富有文化内潘和深度参与旅游体验的旅游活动的集合,它具有民旅性、艺术性、多样性、互动性等特征.柳州市山水秀丽,拥有独具特色、丰富的旅游资源和历史悠久的人文历史景观.依托这些深厚的历史文化底蕴和秀美的山水风光,加快推进柳州市文化旅游产业的发展,促进城市休闲旅游功能的提升,符合科学发展观要求的可持续发展目标.本文将针对柳州市文化旅游产业的现实情况进行分新,并提出如何充分挖掘现有的文化旅游资源,发展文化旅游产业的对策.     

文化主导型岳麓山旅游线路设计研究

岳麓山文化资源丰富,文化底蕴深厚,为典型的文化主导型旅游景区。其文化旅游资源具有＂古＂、＂全＂、＂特＂的特征。文章提出了岳麓山文化旅游资源的直接开发、整合提升、历史复原三种开发模式,围绕岳麓山文化旅游内涵从内外两个方面设计了具有吸引力强、潜在价值巨大的旅游文化专线。这将丰富文化旅游开发理论和区域竞争理论的内容,对于提升岳麓山区域旅游形象、指导岳麓山＂两型＂旅游示范区建设具有积极意义。     

旅游资源开发下的大理白族文化保护的思考

大理独特的白族文化吸引着来自世界各地的旅游者,而随着旅游资源的开发和旅游者的增多,白族文化不断受到冲击,本文就旅游资源开发的同时需要保护白族文化进行了探讨。     

论旧城历史文化改造区型旅游商业区（RBD）的吸引力塑造

旧城历史文化改造区型旅游商业区（RBD）是我国主要的四种城市RBD之一。但是近年来，很多旧城历史文化改造区型RBD呈现出衰落的趋势。通过对形象吸引力、活动吸引力、设施吸引力、景观与环境吸引力及氛围吸引力等方面进行重新塑造能够促使其复兴或更新。     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

Toward a Phylogenetic Reconstruction of Organizational Life

Synopsis Classification is an important activity that facilitates theory development in many academic disciplines. Scholars in fields such as organizational science, management science and economics and have long recognized that classification offers an approach for ordering and understanding the diversity of organizational taxa (groups of one or more similar organizational entities). However, even the most prominent organizational classifications have limited utility, as they tend to be shaped by a specific research bias, inadequate units of analysis and a standard neoclassical economic view that does not naturally accommodate the disequilibrium dynamics of modern competition. The result is a relatively large number of individual and unconnected organizational classifications, which tend to ignore the processes of change responsible for organizational diversity. Collectively they fail to provide any sort of universal system for ordering, compiling and presenting knowledge on organizational diversity. This paper has two purposes. First, it reviews the general status of the major theoretical approaches to biological and organizational classification and compares the methods and resulting classifications derived from each approach. Definitions of key terms and a discussion on the three principal schools of biological classification (evolutionary systematics, phenetics and cladistics) are included in this review. Second, this paper aims to encourage critical thinking and debate about the use of the cladistic classification approach for inferring and representing the historical relationships underpinning organizational diversity. This involves examining the feasibility of applying the logic of common ancestry to populations of organizations. Consequently, this paper is exploratory and preparatory in style, with illustrations and assertions concerning the study and classification of organizational diversity.     

Information infrastructure: Who builds broadband networks?

This paper examines the essential difference between the U.S. and Japan, when one considers information infrastructure. There are seven perception gaps between the U.S. and Japan concerning Information Infrastructure policies. These gaps must be understood in order to compare the countries' governmental policies in this area. In looking at the present circumstances, the essential question to answer concerns who is to build, own and operate the network(s) of the infrastructure. Liberalization is certain to be a central factor in the ongoing telecommunications debates. Now that customers have had a taste of the liberalized market-place, the movement toward more open markets will be difficult to stop. When considering options, it is necessary to pay close attention to standardized network access and the increasingly important role software plays. These issues are causing us to take a new approach to the traditional role played by regulators. They also force a closer look at the appropriate structure of utility companies. This paper addresses the above issues in hopes of stimulating dialog on the new telecommunications infrastructure paradigm.     

海岛地区产业演替及资源基础分析--以舟山群岛为例

改革开放以来,舟山市产业构成发生了显著变化,其经济发展过程可以划分为三个阶段。1992年前,是以产业结构渔业占绝对地位的单一结构阶段;1993—1998年,以旅游业为主的第三产业快速发展阶段;上世纪末以来,又进入了新一轮的经济发展时期,即工业产值比重快速增加阶段。根据海岛的自然资源基础和特点,在新世纪的经济发展过程中,舟山市应定位为生态型的港口旅游城市。以港口及临港工业为主导,以海岛旅游和海洋经济为特色,大力发展第二产业和第三产业。海岛地区的主导产业应体现海岛资源优势及区位优势,以集群性环保型产业为主。同时由于海岛地区淡水资源缺乏,主导产业也应着重选择低耗水型产业。     

风险视角下企业治理结构和研发创新——基于委托代理模型的研究

本文基于委托代理模型,从风险的视角研究企业治理结构对研发创新能力的影响。本文构建了一个包含创新活动的委托代理模型进行理论分析,利用动态DEA 模型测算创新能力,并使用2015-2018年我国上市制造业企业数据进行实证检验。实证部分检验了理论结论:委托代理问题不利于企业提升研发创新能力,且客观风险和主观风险厌恶会加剧该负面影响。基于此,本文认为上市企业应根据企业自身研发活动特点有针对性地改善企业治理结构,提出了适当延长代理人任期、推动股权激励计划、提升代理人的风险承担能力等建议。     

生物群落结构原型的仿生学模拟

模拟生命系统管理规律的科学即管理仿生学,是知识时代仿生学研究的新领域与前沿.基于模拟生物群落结构规律的研究目的,采用仿生学模拟的研究方法,以生物群落结构为原型,建立了仿生群落结构模型.结论为:垂直结构、水平结构、时间结构与交错区结构是支持生物群落生命活动的结构规律,以该规律为原型,推理建立了仿生分层结构、仿生优化结构、仿生动态结构与仿生相邻结构,四种仿生结构分别侧重于管理资源的分层管理、局部优化管理、动态过程管理、相邻关系管理,该模型为建立类似生物群落的人造管理系统即仿生群落管理系统提供了仿生结构模型.可以预测,该模型具有广泛的应用价值,能够推动管理仿生学的发展.