Local labour market information on disability

This article considers recent policy developments impacting upon the need for up-to-date information relating to disabled people. In examining data provided by existing sources and requirements for additional information, it considers debates on definitions of disability and how definitions and the framing of questions determine the type and quality of information available. Attention is also given to ways of filling the major information gaps and potential areas of research.     

Local politics and the local authority labour market

The 1979 election heralded a new approach to public sector finance and employment. For local government, this has involved a new regulatory framework, which attempts to reproduce private sector financial and labour market structures. This article examines the effect of this new regulatory framework on the labour markets of three case study local authorities and the manner in which those effects have been mediated by local politics over the period 1979-1984     

Using census and survey commuting statistics in local labour market analysis

This paper describes the context for an interest in travel-to-work patterns by those concerned with labour market analysis and local economic development. The scope, coverage and content of Census of Population and local survey data on travel-to-work patterns are reviewed, and their strengths and weaknesses compared. Examples of the types of information which can be extracted from various sources are used to illustrate similarities and variations in travel-to-work patterns by population subgroup, and analyses on travel-to-work times and the geographical extent of job search areas derived from local labour force surveys are presented.     

Botswana's economy and labour market: are there any lessons for SADC regional integration?

Regional integration is a necessity for sustainable development and the generation of dynamic growth amongst SADC countries. For real integration to be achieved, there is a need for deep integration, which allows countries to surrender part of their sovereignty to a supranational power that will be responsible for bringing in uniformity amongst member nations in terms of policies and action. Countries in the region, even those like Botswana that have done well economically, share problems of poverty, high unemployment and disparity in income distribution. Botswana, however, has some lessons to offer to the region, coming mainly from its prudent management of the economy, democracy and peace. As regional integration may lead to underinvestment in skills development if not properly coordinated, countries need to pursue employment creation more vigorously.     

The nature of local area social exclusion in England and the role of the labour market

The creation of the Social Exclusion Unit by the present governmentin 1997 is just one example of the increased desire by bothacademics and policy-makers to understand more about the factorsthat lead to individuals and communities becoming excluded frommainstream society. Of the many aspects of social exclusionwhich have featured in recent debate, this article focuses ontwo. The first is to describe the nature and the extent of socialexclusion in the areas in which it is concentrated in the UnitedKingdom. The second is to examine the role that labour-marketfactors play in creating, reducing, or sustaining geographicalconcentrations of social exclusion. The article draws upon theresults of social surveys conducted in deprived areas and discussesthe arguments for tackling local concentrations of social exclusionthrough area-based initiatives.     

Overeducation,market recognition,and effective labour supply

Supply of skilled workers in an economy is usually measured based on the number of highly educated people. This may, however, lead to an overestimation of effective labour supply when considerable people are overeducated. By incorporating a concept of “market recognition,” which proxies the gap between the capabilities reflected through the education level and the capabilities required by employers, we establish a general equilibrium model to quantify this gap in China during 1999–2011. Our calibration results show that overeducation had deteriorated as market recognition continued to decline. We give an interpretation from the perspective of effective labour supply.     

The European social fund and British labour market policies — the unfulfilled local authority dimension

This article describes and analyses the contribution made by the European Social Fund to training and employment initiatives in Britain. It argues that the full potential of the ESF for an innovative exchange of international experience is held back by central government's decision to channel most ESF money through the MSC.     

Trade, capital mobility, and the German labour market

Trade, Capital Mobility, and the German Labour Market. — This paper sets up three structural variants of a general equilibrium model of a small open economy with three sectors (exportables, importables, non-tradables) and three factors (internationally mobile capital and immobile skilled and unskilled labour) in order to analyse the employment and wage effects of globalisation shocks. The model is numerically implemented for West Germany in 1980 on the base of input-output tables and employment data from a random sample of social security accounts. Overall this study indicates that the globalisation process does not have strong effects on unemployment and/or the wage differential in West Germany.     

The impact of local authorities on labour party economic policy

This article questions to what extent the Labour Party is prepared to build on local authority experience in its policy statements and in practice. With the demise of the AES, Labour has been searching for a new political economy, publishing three policy statements in March this year. The author argues that while the impact of local authorities on these documents is unmistakable, the Labour Party has yet to take all their ideas on board.     

Trade,technology, and the labour market: impacts on wage inequality within countries

This paper focuses on the widening wage inequality between skilled and unskilled workers within countries and discusses whether trade and technology have contributed to this trend. The paper develops an analytical framework for wage inequality that traces the determinants and their relative roles in wage inequality in different stages of the development of trade theory, especially those considering new evidence after 2011. We find that technology plays a key role in the rise of wage inequality in most countries, while trade plays an increasingly crucial and more complex role in recent years. Skill supply institutions, such as education systems supplying skilled labour or unions participating in wage‐setting processes, suppress the rise of wage inequality in some countries. The paper further outlines the mechanisms through which trade affects wage inequality, including offshoring, firm heterogeneity, labour market frictions and global value chains. We find that trade has indirect effects on technology, which further enlarges the wage inequality among skills. The paper also discusses the policy implications of the impacts of trade and technology on wage inequality.     

Migration and the urban labour market: The case of San Salvador

This article analyzes the employment and incomes of migrants in the city of San Salvador. The study finds that, both rural-urban and urban-urban migrants experience income gains and are increasingly employed in the formal sector. However, the upward mobility of urban-urban migrants is much larger. Compared with urban natives, these migrants have higher income levels and employment rates after five years of urban residence, while rural-urban migrants earn much less and tend to remain in the informal sector more frequently. This evidence is contrary to findings obtained in other studies, for example Brazil, which showed that urban natives and migrants have comparable levels of income and employment. The authors suggest that the experience of rural-urban migrants is a result of the functioning of the urban labour market. Within this market a mechanism exists whereby access to the high-wage sector is limited by discriminating among workers. As a result, rural-urban migrants, often recognizable by their racial characteristics, are denied access to high-wage jobs.     

浅析我国国有银行的资本现状及对策

随着计算机信息技术的高速发展及广泛应用 ,我们已进入了信息时代。企业为了提高信息处理速度、能力和决策水平 ,迫切需要实现信息的实时管理。本文通过分析传统会计信息系统的缺陷 ,阐述了网络财务的结构、特点及其在会计信息系统中的重要作用 ,认为传统的会计信息系统已难以     

The efficiency of the dutch labour market in matching unemployment and vacancies

Summary A matching function specifies the relationship between the flow of filled job vacancies and the stocks of unemployed and job vacancies. This paper specifies and estimates the matching function of the Dutch labour market. It appears that this matching function is best described by a Cobb-Douglas function with constant returns to scale and coefficients of 0.4 on unemployment and 0.6 on vacancies. The matching function shifted at the end of the sixties and remained quite stable afterwards. This indicates that with a higher level of unemployment and lower level of job vacancies the Dutch labour market today is as efficient in generating a flow of filled vacancies as it was in the seventies.The author wishes to thank Frank den Butter, Bernard Compaijen, Geert Ridder, Klaas Arie Springer and anonymous referees for their comments on a previous version of this article.     

The shape of demand for high-level agricultural skills in the South African labour market

A supply of high-level agricultural skills is foundational to the South African agricultural sector's capacity to improve the quality and range of agricultural products and services so as to support small agricultural producers, meet domestic needs for food security and increase the competitiveness of local products on global agricultural markets. Concerns about the coexistence of graduate unemployment and skills shortages in the agricultural sector prompt the question: What is the shape of demand for high-level agricultural skills in the South African labour market? To answer this, the authors conducted 83 interviews with respondents in private, public and non-governmental organisations involved in agriculture. The findings reveal a rising demand for high-level agricultural skills among farmers, farm managers and foremen; in research and product development; in the sales and marketing functions of firms supplying primary agriculture; in government entities across a wide range of occupations; and in public and private sector R&D.