Cultural embeddedness in supply networks

Recent studies on structural and relational embeddedness suggest that favorable position and connections in supply networks benefit a firm. While fruitful, this focus misses the motivations that prompt firms to take economic action in the first place. Understanding cultural embeddedness provides insight into why individuals and firms behave as they do and how their behavior can influence network structure. Contrary to the belief that firms act solely for profit and growth, we note that cultural contents such as values, social issues and political ideologies explain firms’ motives and guide their economic activities. We explore the role of cultural embeddedness through a grounded study of Country Natural Beef, a sustainability-oriented agricultural cooperative in the western United States. This supply network demonstrates strongly competing cultural claims among its members as well as a unique institutionalized culture. Cultural interactions at the node and network levels explain the functioning of and changes to the network. Through interviews, analysis of archival information and direct observation of pivotal events over a period of 5 years, we unpack cultural embeddedness and take an incremental step toward a theory of cultural embeddedness in cooperative supply networks.     

Reconceptualizing Informal Work Practices: Some Observations from an Ethnic Minority Community in Urban UK

Whilst paid informal work has been conceptualized as a form of paid employment imbued with solely economic motivations, this article critically argues that such a market‐­oriented reading fails to take into account alternative explanations for the existence of informal work practices. Using evidence from 50 interviews conducted within a Pakistani urban community in a northern UK city, this article, uses a mixed‐embeddedness perspective to highlight the importance of predominantly socially and culturally driven motives in the decision to engage in informal work. The findings highlight that participation in informal work, whilst a product of marginalization due to certain institutional and structural factors, is also driven by a range of non‐monetary motives—a result of certain socially embedded work relations between ethnic minority workers and their employers. It is this social embeddedness of the employer–employee relationship in the Pakistani ethnic minority community that explains the continuation of informal work practices in the face of prevailing laws and regulations. The findings add weight to the understanding of informal work as being about more than just economics and constraints, offering these ethnic minority workers opportunities, even status, and giving them agency in an otherwise disempowered situation.     

Employee involvement and participation: developing the concept of institutional embeddedness using WERS2004

It is widely accepted that employee involvement and participation (EIP) is a key component of the high commitment bundle of HRM, but that it can take a range of forms in practice. Much of the analysis to date has either treated different forms of EIP as a single construct or has measured EIP by virtue of its presence or absence alone. Drawing on earlier work based on the data from WERS1998 examining the link between various forms of EIP and employee outcomes such as job satisfaction and organisational commitment, the authors re-apply and extend these ideas to data from WERS2004. In particular they develop the concept of institutional embeddedness, in order argue that both the depth and breadth of EIP have important associations with commitment though not with satisfaction.

This association held for workplaces employing 25 or more workers, and here it was apparent that the more that employees are involved at workplace level – through a wider number of EIP practices that are held more frequently and include opportunities for workers to have their say – the more likely it is that investments in EIP will reap the reward of organisational commitment. For smaller establishments, given that they tend to operate with relatively few formal schemes, it is likely that managers in these workplaces find alternative ways in which to engage the workforce, and that informal EIP offer similar levels of embeddedness in these situations. A clear implication to be drawn from the findings is that, in a context of lower levels of formality within organisations (large and small), line managers are more than ever the key link between HR policy and the embodiment of actual practice at the workplace.     

促进返乡农民工创业 加快城乡统筹进程

在大力推进城乡统筹发展的背景下,农民工返乡创业促进了要素资源在城乡间的合理、高效配置,其产生诸多的积极效应使返乡创业群体成为农村经济发展的重要：内生力量。返乡创业的农民工人数占整个农民工队伍人数的比例甚少,需相关部门采取激励措施,激发农民工的创业热情;创业者亦需审时度势,寻找适合自身创业的发展方向。     

小额信贷与农民工居住问题的缓解

综述了小额信贷的研究与实践,描述了目前城市农民工住房的特点以及存在的问题,认为应借鉴小额信贷在国内外的发展模式,扶助解决农民工住房问题。通过对比不同行业就业条件下的农民工的工作、生活方式和居住条件,经过合理假设,设计出一个扶助解决城市农民工就业地居住问题的实验性住房小额信贷模式,并就模式的可行性、经济效益以及社会效益等方面进行了分析和展望。     

农民工回乡创业的问题及其政策建议

农民工回乡创业是我国现阶段凸显的一个重要经济社会现象,探讨农民工回乡创业的特点、存在问题、并提出政策建议,具有一定的现实意义。     

农民工养老保险体系构建的目标与思路

基于农民工养老保险政策所面临的约束条件和制度环境,参照国际养老金制度的改革动向,提出了建立农民工养老保险的政策思路,即采用"个人账户(空帐)与现收现付的财务机制相结合"的制度模式,认为现收现付的筹资模式与DC型给付计划相结合,是在中央政府的引导性政策方案基础上所做的有益尝试.     

关于加强高校后勤农民工管理工作的思考

随着高校后勤社会化改革的推进,各高校成立了各种后勤实体,聘用了一定数量的校外务工人员,农民工作为一个群体与高校后勤有着双向的需求,从而得以进入高校后勤服务工作的领域。文章从农民工的特点出发,结合高校特殊的工作情况,来阐述加强农民工管理的意义,并思考和探索加强农民工管理的措施,从而有效地适应和促进高校后勤工作的开展。     

风险投资与中小型高新技术企业发展

文章认为风险资本已成为高新技术产业发展的“催化剂”,我国中小型高新技术企业发展滞后,与缺乏充足的资金投入有很大的关系,要破除阻碍中小型高新技术企业发展的“瓶颈”,有必要进一步完善风险投资机制。     

国外迁徙工人子女义务教育的保障机制

通过对国外迁徒工人子女义务教育经费的保障机制的分析,提出了构建我国进城农民工子女义务教育经费专项保障机制的设想.     

浅析固定资产涉及新企业所得税业务及会计处理

文章结合新会计准则及新企业所得税法,对新政策下固定资产主要涉及新企业所得税业务及会计处理进行了论述。     

农民工融入城镇能力测评指标体系研究

通过对农民工融入城镇能力相关概念进行辨析与界定,提出了我国农民工融入城镇能力测评指标体系,并对该指标体系的应用及后续研究进行了讨论。认为该指标体系的提出,有助于规范该领域的学术研究和深化对农民工融入城镇问题的认识。     

就业能力对农民工城市居留意愿的影响——以上海市为例

就业是民生之本,提升就业能力可为改善农民工的城市生存发展处境提供基础性条件,进而影响其城市居留意愿。本文基于对上海市1026份农民工的问卷调查,应用Logistic回归分析,考察这一群体就业能力因素对于其城市长期居留意愿的影响。研究发现,就业能力的五个核心指标中教育程度、就业服务享有、社会网络以及职业类型显著影响农民工的城市居留意愿,而工会参与因素影响不显著;传统变量中只有婚姻状况通过显著性检验。研究显示,适恰的就业能力支持政策将既有助于农民工,尤其是新生代农民工的城市职业发展,也有利于提高其留城意愿、促进我国持续稳定的城市化。     

从出租屋看农民工市民化的困境

出租屋是农民工在打工地的主要居住方式。其基本特征是:大多数位于城乡结合部;大多数建在宅基地上;运作成本低廉,成为出租屋主财产性收入的重要来源;显著不同于国外的贫民窟;获得农民工较高的满意度。存在的主要问题是:政府对出租屋的规划管理具有滞后性;在法律上还没有承认出租屋的合法地位;对出租屋流动人口管理服务有待于进一步加强。有关的政策建议是:高度重视出租屋的地位和作用;加强对农民工居住的出租屋的研究,建立健全有关法律法规;科学制定城镇规划;加快宅基地、农村集体建设用地改革步伐;保持以屋管人的连续性。     

新生代农民工融入城市的跨文化适应研究

在工业化和城镇化快速发展的今天,新生代农民工既是我国城市产业工人的重要组成部分,又是统筹城乡发展的主力军。解决新生代农民工市民化问题,对实现全面小康社会具有重大的现实意义。在城市适应的过程中,新生代农民工只有适应城市文化,才会最终完成自己的角色转变,真正融入城市。     

矩阵对策中混合对策问题的数学模型及lingo求解

对策论是研究对抗问题的理论与方法。矩阵对策是最常见,也是最重要的对策。通过对矩阵对策中混合对策问题的分析,建立了局中人最优策略的线性规划模型,并给出了模型的lingo求解方法。     

农民工市民化存在的问题分析

农民工市民化的顺利进行对进一步提升城镇化率有着至关重要的作用,同时,在农民工市民化的过程中,涉及多领域的资金投入,能适当地增加工作岗位,推动经济发展。论文分析了农民工市民化的现状以及存在的问题,推动农民工市民化的进程。农民工市民化的研究,往往会牵涉到其他领域,如改革户籍制度、就业制度、社会保障制度和城乡土地制度等。     

国企混改财务管理者应关注的难点与对策

深化混合所有制改革是提升国家经济运行效率、激发经济活力、推动国资国企改革的重要方式。随着重点领域混改工作的不断扩展,改革成效显著,但伴随而来的阻力和困难也逐渐显现出来。财务部作为主要参与部门,必须及时对这些难点和阻碍进行分析和破解,确保国有企业混改工作顺利实施和落地。     

新技术新材料在乙醛装置除沫器检修中的应用

针对乙醛装置的除沫器结构复杂、内衬复合层修复工艺复杂,以及技术要求高等特点进行分析,文章叙述了采用新材料新技术能实现除沫器的成功检修,填补了国内大型衬胶衬砖设备修复的空白。     

我国金融业混业经营模式分析

分析中国目前混业经营状况,结合光大银行混业经营案例,给出了中国金融业未来发展混业经验的最佳模式和路径选择,即金融控股公司模式。同时还分析了我国金融业目前开展混业经营的一些主要障碍。