The Market Process and the Economics of QWERTY: Two Views

Since its publication in 1985 Paul David's Economics of QWERTY has provided a paradigm case for the understanding and application of path-dependent processes in economics, some of which have been identified as yielding sub-optimal outcomes. The accuracy and relevance of this case, and this entire theoretical approach, has been subjected to critical scrutiny by Stan Liebowitz and Stephen Margolis in a series of articles and in a recent book. In this article I provide a wide ranging, and largely appreciative, review of the book and highlight, in some detail, the fundamental disagreements with which it deals.     

新制度经济学的边界——三种代表性观点及其比较

在新制度经济学的边界问题上,新制度经济学家(威廉姆森和芮切特)、旧制度经济学家(霍奇森)以及经济思想史家(卢瑟福)不仅边界刻画依据不完全相同,而且他们对新制度经济学智力成果的描述也存在着很大的差异。新制度经济学家认为,某种制度分析是否属于新制度经济学关键是看该理论是否假定环境存在着不确定性、人是否具有有限理性,是否明确地或隐含地以交易费用为正为前提。而新制度经济学的边界在旧制度经济学家和经济思想史家那里被进一步放宽。他们深入到本体论层面,认为某种制度分析只要坚持方法论个人主义,那么它就属于新制度经济学的内容。而新制度经济学家的边界刻画更能准确、客观地反映新制度经济学的智力成果。     

The Market for Economics and Finance PhDs

This paper presents new information about the post-graduation activities of those with a PhD in economics and finance from an Australian university. Approximately 40 per cent have an academic job, while the other 60 per cent work elsewhere or engage in other activities. The analysis includes origin‒destination networks for both the academic and non-academic markets, the determinants of earnings and measures of overqualification and underemployment. The findings of the paper can provide guidance for those completing or contemplating PhD studies.     

演化经济学与新自由主义截然不同的经济政策观

“北京共识”的精髓是试验、创新和因时因地而制宜的经济政策,它与演化经济学的经济政策观之间存在着惊人的联系,但与“华盛顿共识”的新自由主义经济政策观截然对立。本文以“北京共识”的政策经验为背景,通过与新自由主义的比较,较为系统地总结了演化经济学经济政策观的六大原理历史重要与最小限度打乱原理;创造力原理;不确定性与意外原理;复杂与质量型的经济政策主张;系统政策观;试验与政策学习原理。这些原理对转型经济和发展中国家的经济政策制定具有重要的理论指导意义。     

中央财经大学金融学院

<正>中央财经大学金融学院是国内最早的金融高级专门人才培养基地之一,是国家金融学重点学科点、学校建设世界一流学科应用经济学的重要单位,2018—2022年教育部金融类专业教学指导委员会主任委员单位。金融学专业为国家特色专业,金融安全工程为北京市高精尖学科,学院党委入选教育部首批全国党建工作标杆院系,亚投行研究中心获得教育部备案。建院70年来,学院秉持求真求是、追求卓越的办学理念,培养了以李金华     

中央财经大学金融学院

<正>中央财经大学金融学院是国内最早的金融高级专门人才培养基地之一,是国家金融学重点学科点、学校建设世界一流学科应用经济学的重要单位,2018—2022年教育部金融类专业教学指导委员会主任委员单位。金融学专业为国家特色专业,金融安全工程为北京市高精尖学科,学院党委入选教     

中央财经大学金融学院

<正>中央财经大学金融学院是国内最早的金融高级专门人才培养基地之一,是国家金融学重点学科点、学校建设世界一流学科应用经济学的重要单位,2018—2022年教育部金融类专业教学指导委员会主任委员单位。金融学专业为国家特色专业,金融安全工程为北京市高精尖学科,学院党委入选教育部首批全国党建工作标杆院系,亚投行研究中心获得教育部备案。建院70年来,学院秉持求真求是、追求卓越的办学理念,培养了以李金华校友为代表的近三万名高素质金融专业人才,为国家经济和社会发展做出重     

Economic Power and the Firm in New Institutional Economics: Two Conflicting Problems

The objective of this study has been to undertake an analysis of the economic and institutional determining factors of fiscal pressure in a group of European countries with different levels of economic development, recent history, or level of cooperation and integration among them. We have used a panel of data from 40 countries and a time period of eleven years. Apart from the variables generally used, we have introduced additional ones such as governing party ideology, rate of economic freedom of Euro-area countries, together with another set of institutional variables. Results obtained show that the purely economic model improves when institutional and geopolitical variables are included and, in this way, it is possible to see which countries governed by the left, belonging to the Euro-area or having been members of the Soviet block, and with economic freedom, are more liable to increase fiscal pressure.     

基于经济学视角的农村不良亚文化透视

目前农村出现的不良亚文化是我国农村文化变迁中的不良内容。这种变迁的根本动因在于经济发展，在于生产力与生产关系矛盾运动中所呈现的经济发展跟与之不相适应的文化之间的矛盾。农村不良亚文化的产生有其经济学根源，它最根本地反映了农民的经济诉求。     

论演化经济学方法论的两个基本问题

累积因果是演化经济学的基本原则之一,它体现了演化经济学不止步于不变秩序而极力探寻因果机制的原则。而作为演化经济学的方法论基础,批判实在论直接将演化经济学的主题定位于能动性与结构之上,并在表象、实质和机制之间建立了层级关系。     

金融经济领域中的不确定性研究综述

本文综述了Choquet容度和Choquet积分在刻画金融经济领域中不确定性上的应用,包含非期望效用、资产定价、保险理论、投资消费储蓄理论和宏观经济等五个方面,同时给出不确定性领域的进一步研究方向:动态相容性、理性、效用的合理定义以及非期望效用的推广等。     

新制度经济学的兴起与公共财政论的发展

中国财政学的发展趋势是在社会共同需要论的基础之上发展公共财政论。近年来, 新制度经济学的兴起对正统经济理论（ 新古典经济学） 提出了挑战。新制度经济学的兴起对公共财政论产生了较大的影响, 本文拟对此进行分析, 以期更为全面地认识公共财政论。     

新结构经济学-重构发展经济学的框架

经济发展本质上是一个技术、产业不断创新,结构不断变化的过程。发展经济学在二战后刚成为现代经济学中的一个分支时,结构主义的观点占主流,认为经济结构外生决定,强调市场失灵及政府在改变经济结构、促进经济发展中的作用。由于结构主义所主张的以政府主导产业结构升级的政策在发展中国家普遍失败,到了20世纪70年代以后,发展经济学转而以华盛顿共识为主流,强调政府失灵,片面侧重市场的作用,并且忽视了对结构及其变迁问题的研究。本文提出新结构经济学的理论框架,认为经济结构内生决定于要素禀赋结构,并倡导以新古典经济学的方法来研究经济结构及其变迁,以及政府、市场在此过程所起的作用,以弥补当前发展经济学的不足。     

Consumption and Welfare: Two Views of Value Added

The standard view is that value is added to raw material by labor and capital. The question here discussed is whether or not raw material must contain value previously added by nature, or whether it can be simply inert indestructible building blocks. Can humanly added value substitute for value added by nature? If the answer were yes, it should be possible, since matter-energy is not destroyed in consumption, to substitute the waste flow of matter-energy for the flow of fresh natural resources (raw materials). But this would contradict the second law of thermodynamics. The quality of low entropy is what differentiates raw material from waste, and we know of no process whose net effect is to lower the entropy of the total system on which we depend. We must focus more on “that to which value is added,” and not just on value added. This is especially true as the former more and more replaces the latter as the limiting factor in production. Further consequences of the two different views about value added for theory and policy are discussed.