Role of China in Global Carbon Market

I. Introduction The international response to climate change is governed by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, adopted in 1992, and its Kyoto Protocol, adopted in 1997, which entered into force in 2005. A basic principle has been to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions1 cost-effectively. Because GHGs mix uniformly in the atmosphere, a given emission reduction is equivalent from an environmental standpoint wherever the action is taken. This property of “substitut…     

二氧化碳排放与福建经济发展的分析

过量的二氧化碳排放打破了全球碳平衡,引起全球温室效应,已成为人类关注的热门问题。二氧化碳排放与经济发展存在着密切关系使得气候谈判困难重重,本研究在二氧化碳排放与经济发展理论分析的基础上,利用福建1978—2008年二氧化碳排放与经济发展的相关数据,通过协整分析、建立回归修正模型、利用格兰杰因果检验,探讨了二氧化碳排放与福建经济发展之间的长期均衡关系,并通过人均碳生产率分析,进而提出适应经济发展、实现节能减排的政策建议。     

Global Energy and Environmental Impacts of an Expanding China

I.Introduction Rapid economic growth in China and China’s economic size have important implications for energy use and environmental outcomes in China, regionally and globally. Although?2006 The Author Journal compilation ?2006 Institute of World Economics and Politics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences most statistics related to China are impressive, those related to energy use and environmental problems are startling. China is currently the world’s third largest energy producer and …     

How can China's power sector reform reduce carbon emissions? A long-term competition perspective

Challenges coexist with opportunities for achieving carbon neutrality through power sector reform. Based on the ongoing reform in China and generator-level data in 2019, we identify three channels through which the reform could affect carbon emissions. We analyze the theoretical mechanisms under a long-term average cost competition framework, evaluate the emission reduction potentials of the three channels, explore the obstacles in achieving these potentials, and propose corresponding solutions. We find the following: (1) By reshaping the generation competition between high-efficiency and low-efficiency coal-fired generators, the reform has the potential to reduce carbon emissions by 205.4 million tons. However, considering the high financial costs of high-efficiency generators, realizing the full potential is difficult. (2) Administrative promotion of renewable energy could reduce carbon emissions by 311 million tons, but with large implicit expenses, which makes the promotion unsustainable. (3) The price dividend induced by the reform could increase carbon emissions by 98.1 million tons. To achieve emission reduction potentials in the first two channels and offset the rebound effect in the third channel, we propose explicitly pricing carbon. Without other supporting measures, a carbon price of over 400 Chinese yuan per ton of carbon dioxide is essential for the reform to eliminate barriers to its implementation.     

欧洲排放交易体系下的中国民航低碳策略研究

随着近几十年来旅客周转量的大幅增加,民航业迎来了快速发展的黄金时期。民航运输过程中产生的二氧化碳对环境的影响也日渐突出。本文介绍了航空排放对全球变暖的影响,分析了欧洲排放交易体系下中国民航业的优势、劣势以及机遇与挑战,提出了旨在节能环保的低碳策略。     

我国传统制造业低碳化驱动因素研究

随着低碳经济的提出,人们越来越关注碳排放对全球变暖的影响.我国传统制造业作为国家经济的支柱产业,其二氧化碳的排放量占全国碳排放量的多数比例.文章通过发达国家与中国在能源消费量,能源消费结构,国内生产总值能耗,二氧化碳气体排放量占世界比重等方面的对比分析,研究了我国传统制造业低碳化的驱动因素进而提出相应的对策建议.     

Absorption capacity of Russia’s forests and carbon dioxide emissions of fuel and energy systems

Carbon dioxide emissions from fuel combustion in the fuel and energy systems (FES) and production industries are estimated on the basis of an analysis of the long-term forecast of the development of the former. The carbon sequestration by forest and nonforest biomes is calculated. Based on the global balance of carbon fluxes, a long-term national carbon balance is drawn up. As follows from this balance, the carbon sequestration during the 21st century is even larger than emissions in FES development scenarios, which do not include any special restrictions on CO₂ emissions. Thus, a considerable portion of foreign emissions is absorbed. This fact should be taken into account when developing national strategies for socioeconomic development.     

Russian carbon balance (1990–2010)

A method for the calculation of Russia’s national carbon balance as a component of the global balance is developed in the paper. According to the calculations for the period 1990–2010, the consumption of carbon dioxide by the national terrestrial biota and the ocean exceeded the emissions from the Russian territory by 6.6 GtC. However, an analysis of official materials showed that in those years Russia was an emitter of carbon dioxide which replenished the atmosphere in the volume of 6.5 GtC.     

我国城市化、经济发展水平与二氧化碳排放——基于中国省级面板数据的实证检验

文章利用2000-2010年中国省级面板数据,研究了城市化、经济发展水平对二氧化碳排放的影响.结果表明,城市化对二氧化碳排放具有显著的正向影响,没有证实二氧化碳排放与城市化水平之间在我国呈倒U型的环境库兹涅茨曲线关系;二氧化碳排放与我国经济发展水平之间存在倒U型的环境库兹涅茨曲线关系,但我国离拐点的经济发展水平还有很大一段差距;城市化水平的提高能抑制经济发展水平对碳排放的影响,而经济发展水平不同的地区,城市化对碳排放的影响也有明显的差异.     

北京市碳交易试点市场分析及其发展现状研究

全球气候变化问题日益成为全世界最关注的问题,世界各国为之付出了巨大努力,二氧化碳减排势在必行。碳交易是控制碳减排的重要方式,我国在七个城市开展了碳交易市场试点。从碳减排的角度出发,对北京碳排放权交易市场进行了总结分析,深入研究了北京碳交易试点的交易情况。可以看出,北京碳交易市场呈现交易规模稳步上升和企业参与积极性高的特点。此外,通过对北京碳交易市场发展现状的分析,发现北京碳交易市场建设中存在的问题,提出了推进碳交易市场建设的相关建议。     

我国区域碳排放与经济增长的实证分析——以环渤海、长三角和珠三角地区为例

基于《2006年IPCC国家温室气体清单指南》中的碳排放核算方法,测算了2000-2011年环渤海、长三角和珠三角地区的CO2排放量、排放强度、人均排放量和单位面积排放量,从变动趋势、消费结构、相关性三个角度分析了三地区的碳排放和能源消费,并在此基础上提出了降低碳排放量的政策建议。     

我国开展碳税征收有关问题探讨

我国已成为世界最大的能源消费国与全球第二大二氧化碳CO2排放国,开征碳税节能减排的号角日渐吹响。本文从庇古税和双重红利理论出发,在简要回顾了国际社会不同碳税政策优劣的基础上,结合我国国情论证了我国开展碳税征收的重要意义和现实可行性,提出了我国开展碳税政策的三大原则和长短不同时期的税制要素设计方案。     

基于GE指数的中国地区碳排放差异分解

采用IPCC的方法,将化石能源细分为17种并考虑水泥生产测算了1997-2010年中国省际层面C02排放量,从省际、东中西部和八大经济区域三个视角,运用GE指数组群分解方法实证研究了中国地区CO2排放强度差异状况。分解结果显示：总体差异主要由东中西部区域内的差异所解释,八大经济区域间的排放差异贡献了总体差异的大部分。     

Accounting and determinants analysis of China's provincial total factor productivity considering carbon emissions

One of the most undesirable output of China's rapid economic growth has been increasing carbon emissions. This study measures and analyzes the impact of carbon emissions on China's regional total factor productivity from 2000 to 2017. Using global Malmquist-Luenberger productivity indexes, we re-estimate the provincial total factor productivity taking carbon emission into account, comparing different assumptions of returns to scale and considering the rank reverse issue. The differences of technical progress and efficiency change across Chinese regional economies are also investigated and we found that the former was the primary contributor to improved Chinese provincial productivity performance. In addition, we analyze the influencing factors of productivity based on provincial panel data. Our results indicate that innovation capacity, energy and employment structure had significant impact on the provincial productivities while urbanization had a negative impact. A more sustainable development can be expected by expanding regional investment in R&D, adjusting and optimizing structures of regional industries and energies.     

低碳经济背景下碳税及其他减排政策的比较研究

低碳经济背景下的二氧化碳的减排政策主要包括碳税、环境管制以及碳排放交易,各有其优劣,对它们进行综合比较分析后,本文认为碳税和碳排放权交易之间是相互补充的关系,两者与环境管制手段等其他减排政策一起,将共同发挥促进二氧化碳减排的调节作用。     

低碳经济及其发展路径:一个研究综述

低碳经济是目前研究的热点问题,文章在对低碳经济发展的背景进行介绍的基础上,从低碳经济及其内涵、经济发展与碳排放、减排的经济成本以及中国实现低碳发展面临的挑战与低碳经济发展的路径等四个方面对国内外低碳经济研究现状进行了归纳和总结。     

Analysis of regional carbon allocation and carbon trading based on net primary productivity in China

Ecological balance and carbon sink economies have gained increased attention for tackling global warming. Based on an improved Carnegie–Ames–Stanford Approach model, this study demonstrated regional Net Primary Productivity (NPP) and analyzed regional carbon overdraft situations in China during 2005–2015. Regional carbon allowances were allocated according to carrying capacity of carbon sequestration and China's carbon intensity reduction goals in “13th Five-year plan”. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) technology with panel data was further employed to estimate potential benefits resulting from carbon trading and a carbon sink economy. Regional NPP decreased from south to north and from coast to inland, while regions with severe carbon overdrafts were gathered in North and East China. In order to maintain a regional carbon balance with lower abatement costs, regional cooperation of emission reduction within either North or East China is proposed in this study. It is concluded that the majority of provinces and cities in Eastern China and some provinces in the west would be the major purchasers of carbon credits under a national carbon emissions trading (CET) market. Following the introduction of emissions offset mechanisms, Yunnan, Sichuan, and Heilongjiang would be the major providers of carbon sinks in China.     

浙江省二氧化碳排放测算：消费排放与生产排放的对比

二氧化碳的减排日益为世界各国所重视,浙江省也为此作出众多努力。文章运用投入产出及结构分解方法对浙江省2002—2009年的二氧化碳排放情况进行计算和分解分析。结果表明:各年生产排放量都大于消费排放量;最终需求、调入及进口是导致消费排放增加的三个主要因素;出口规模是影响出口排放变化的主要原因;在此期间,中间投入效应有一定的改善;单位产值能耗效应也有较大改善;单位能源碳排放效应非常小,改善不太明显。     

区域物流低碳化发展的思路与对策

"低碳经济"环境下,对区域物流活动的能源投入和碳排放提出更高要求,实施区域物流低碳化发展意义重大。区域物流的碳排放源主要集中于"点"和"线"两个方面,目前区域物流低碳化发展尚存在协调难度大、动力不足、成效不明显和技术支持缺乏等诸多难题,需要明确各参与主体的角色与作用、找准节能减排的切入点和重点,并转变区域物流发展模式,从寻找合适的碳排放统计方法、出台更多鼓励性减排政策、"点线"结合减少碳排放和构建区域物流低碳化发展的服务平台入手,促进区域物流和物流行业的低碳化发展。     

基于扩展的STIRPAT模型的新疆碳排放量的影响因素研究

基于扩展的STIRPAT模型,采用新疆1990~2010年统计数据,对新疆碳排放量的主要影响因素进行了实证研究。研究表明,当新疆人均GDP、能源强度、单位能耗碳排放量、人口规模每提高1%时,碳排放总量增长率将分别增长1.938%、1.233%、0.346%、0.329%。当新疆人均GDP、能源强度、单位能耗碳排放量每提高1%时,人均碳排放量增长率将分别增长2.742%、1.713%、0.477%。