演化经济地理学视角下区域经济韧性研究进展与展望

当今世界正经历百年未有之大变局,外部环境复杂多变,面对各种不确定性冲击与扰动,如何有效应对外界风险,保持区域经济系统稳定持续发展,已成为当前亟待解决的突出现实问题。而韧性理念从动态和发展的角度为区域经济系统适应环境变化提供了新思路、新方向。本文从区域经济韧性的概念内涵、测度与评估、影响因素及演化过程等方面对国内外相关文献进行梳理,总结了其主要贡献及不足,从“专业化与多样化”“路径依赖与路径创造”“锁定与解锁”“协同演化”等方面阐述了演化经济地理学视角下区域经济韧性理论分析框架,并对未来研究方向进行了思考与展望,以期为后续区域经济韧性研究提供参考。     

WHY ARE SOME PLACES RICH WHILE OTHERS ARE POOR? THE INSTITUTIONAL NECESSITY OF ECONOMIC FREEDOM

We survey perspectives on the economic differences between countries and argue that economic freedom is the key to prosperity. We close by outlining the policy implications. Specifically, removing obstacles to the exercise of economic freedom is an important step towards prosperity.     

If Urban Regions are the Answer,What is the Question? Thoughts on the European Experience

This essay contributes to the current debate in the field of critical urban and regional studies on the meanings of the ‘regional’ and the ‘urban’. From a political science perspective, we focus on the European case. Firstly, we argue that the conception of the regional scale is not the same in various languages and traditions. Regions in Europe carry meanings and connotations that are not always easy to translate without losing their specific histories. Secondly, our analysis of contemporary debates on the ‘regional’ in the field of urban studies reveals that both practitioners and academics consider the regional scale mainly as a functional space, as the space for economic competitiveness. However, urban regions are also to be regarded as spaces for social and political mobilization. I argue that the political dimension of the ‘regional’ deserves more attention and that further research needs to be undertaken in this respect.     

The relationship between economic development and business ownership revisited

This paper revisits the two-equation model of Carree, van Stel, Thurik and Wennekers (2002) where deviations from the ‘equilibrium’ rate of business ownership play a central role in determining both the growth of business ownership and that of economic development. Two extensions of the original set-up are addressed: using longer time series of averaged data of 23 OECD countries (up to 2004) we can discriminate between different functional forms of the ‘equilibrium’ rate and we allow for different penalties for being above or under the ‘equilibrium’ rate. The additional data do not provide evidence of a superior statistical fit of a U-shaped ‘equilibrium’ relationship when compared to an L-shaped one. There appears to be a growth penalty for having too few business owners but not for having too many.     

Institutional change in the Schumpeterian–Baumolian construct: power,contestability and evolving entrepreneurial interests

Baumol's hypothesis, i.e. that the allocation of entrepreneurial talent in productive, unproductive and destructive activities is determined by the rules of the game, is supported by a growing body of empirical research and underpins new avenues of research in entrepreneurial studies. However, Baumol's paper offers precious few insights, beyond policy action, regarding how change to the rules of the game can be effected, because it views institutions as endogenous. This paper sets out to address this gap through an extension of Schumpeterian–Baumolian construct. The paper argues that changing institutions is a contestable process: its outcome determined by the complex nexus of interests and power endowments of actors. Changing the outcome of this contestation is dependent on the emergence of new entrepreneurial groupings and/or the evolution of the power endowments or interests of existing ones. Two historical illustrations are used to support the hypothesis and of this study.     

Entrepreneurship in Extreme Environments: Building an Expanded Model

Interview and economic data from Kosovo are used to expand previous models of entrepreneurial factors and processes. Developing and building this expanded model in a conflict plagued, extreme environment calls attention to the complex role of policy makers in allocating resources and rewards, and demonstrates the importance of recipients using available resources wisely. Entrepreneurial activity was encouraged to create economic vitality in this war-torn region; however an absence of economic momentum (energy from the combination of mass and velocity), resource dormancy, and social irresponsibility present daunting barriers. Constrained into self-employment, entrepreneurs lack provisions and the ability to generate effective economic activity. While entrepreneurship was intended to replace antiquated, inefficient production systems, evidence indicates that foreign enterprises are more capable of satisfying market needs.     

Why is the West unique in linking religiosity to market friendliness?

The Integrated Values Survey shows that the positive relationship between religiosity and market friendliness is a uniquely Western feature. With the help of public choice theory, the author hypothesises that this Western uniqueness is the result of the way the dimensions of political ideologies are formed in the West. The hypothesis is supported by regressing an index of market friendliness on a religiosity index, political identity, and a measure of ‘ideological capital’. Accounting for the latter two, the positive association of religiosity with market friendliness vanishes, even in the West.     

基于提高创业能力的西方经济学教学改革的研究

西方经济学理论内容适合于培养学生的创业能力,而目前西方经济学课程的教学存在着单纯强调理论内容的阐述而忽视培养学生经济学思维能力的倾向。对西方经济学课程教学方法和教学内容进行改革,可以有效的提高学生的创业能力。     

区域经济韧性的理论探讨

区域经济韧性的提出,是适应近年来区域经济在金融危机、产业革命等外部因素冲击下不断出现经济运行模式调整的需要而产生的。当前,关于区域经济韧性的研究刚刚起步,相关概念及理论逻辑仍处于争论之中。本文系统地构建了区域经济韧性的理论框架,将区域经济韧性界定为:区域经济系统应对外来冲击以维持或改善原有经济运行模式的能力,包括抵抗力、重构力两种基本形态,其具体表现形式是一个区域的市场结构、产业技术结构、产业空间结构及社会结构共同作用的结果。鉴于此,应建立现代化产业技术体系,优化城市群产业集聚与空间辐射能力,加强人力资本培育,构建区域创新体系,完善制度环境建设。     

面对全球化过程中台北市的都市现实

在 2 1世纪开始的此时此刻 ,全世界的城市和社会都共同正在经历一个在我们自身结构内的巨大历史性转化。在这样的转化核心环绕着资讯技术所组织起来的技术革命。立基于新技术的基础设施 ,经济与传播的全球化过程已改变了我们生产、消费、管理、告知和思考的方式。所有层级的策略性支配的活动 ,都是在全球决策和交换网络中被组织 ,从金融市场到视听讯息 ,世界是不对称地相互依赖着。而这样的不对称互赖关系经由新资讯与传播技术 ,全球、即时地联系起来 ,这就是我们要面对的结构性转化所透露的新世纪 ,资讯时代、全球经济、与网络社会。文章针对作为全球城市 (globalcity)的台北市 ,在面临全球经济中的再结构与都市再结构的巨大变局时 ,就它的都市政策研拟首先要面对的现实课题 ,提出分析 ,换句话说 ,这也是一个正在横渡全球化恶水中地方政府 ,摸索它的新角色转化时必须先面对的地方真实情境。     

西部欠发达地区城市化进程的经济动因分析

工业化是城市化的根本源动力,城乡收入真实的差异和能否在城市获得稳定收入是人口形成乡--城流动的经济动因,而产业集聚是推动城市化进程和促进区域发展的内生经济动因.在非均衡的大国经济发展中,城市化进程也由于地区间的差异呈现出非均衡性.从欠发达地区城市化进程的经济动因的理论和实证分析都表明,我国西部欠发达地区城市化进程中出现\"滞后城市化\"、\"教育滞后\"、\"经营城市过度\"等偏差现象.