A Democracy Principle and Strategy-Proofness

In some social choice applications we want more than one alternative to be selected in some situations. This allows the construction of strategy-proof social choice rules that are not dictatorial. But if we also require x alone to be selected if it is at the top of some ordering that is submitted by more than half of the individuals then the rule cannot be strategy-proof. We prove this for rules that sometimes select one alternative, and sometimes two, but never more than two.     

劳动产权与要素产权的辩证关系

以劳动为依据的产权和以非劳动要素为依据的产权相互之间有一个异化、复归和并存的问题;生产力的发展推动着劳动产权向要素产权的异化和复归;社会主义初级阶段的生产力状况,决定着劳动产权和要素产权的并存;应当把产权理论建立在历史唯物主义的基础之上。     

和谐产权关系与农村集体产权制度分析

产权是协调各方面利益关系的边界,和谐产权关系是构建和谐社会的重要经济基础。在社会主义新农村建设中,最根本的是要加强对集体土地产权的界定和保护,重新构建农村地区的产权基础,扭转集体产权处于弱势产权主体的地位,使农村在产权上与城市处于“均势”;并通过不断完善农村集体产权制度,探求多样化的集体产权形式,促进农村生产力发展与和谐社会建设。     

可转换债券:股性和债性

<正> 随着我国资本市场发展,各种新的金融工具不断涌现,可转换债券作为一种混合型证券(hybrid security),随着管理层的政策引导,获得了迅猛的发展,在2001年短短1年时间内,拟发行这一新的融资品种的上市公司数额高达43家,拟融资规模高达334.2亿元。面对这一新的融资热潮,作为一个理性的投资者,如何判断融资方案的合理性与投资的可行性,需要一定的标准,本文的研究正是基于这一要求,通过对可转换债券作为混合证券内涵的股性和债性的特性研究,寻找出相应的变量,并以实证数据证明了我国拟发行可转债公司的发行方案与公司基本素质有一定的差异,投资银行针对不同上市公司     

Property Taxation, Capitalization, and the Economic Implications of Raising Property Taxes

This study applies a hedonic pricing model to provide further empirical evidence whether, in the spirit of Tiebout (Journal of Political Economy 64(1):416?C424, 1956), Oates (Journal of Political Economy 77(6):957?C971, 1969), and Tullock (Journal of Political Economy 79(5):913?C918, 1971), property taxes in particular have been capitalized into housing prices in the city of Savannah, Georgia housing market. There were sufficient data in this context to study a total of 2,888 single-family houses for the six-year period 2000?C2005; 591 of these houses were located in the Savannah Historic Landmark District. Estimating the model in semi-log form reveals (after allowing for a variety of factors, including 12 spatial variables, four of which are de facto Tiebout type variables) that the natural log of the real sales price of a single-family house in the city of Savannah environment was in fact negatively affected by the city and county property tax level. This study is prompted by the fact that city and county governments are facing serious financial challenges and are searching for viable revenue sources. Increasing property taxes is one of the potential revenue sources being considered by elected officials. In providing current evidence on the effects of property tax in particular and on the Tiebout hypothesis in general, we seek to alert city and state governments of the potential consequences and perils of property tax hikes.     

公司法人财产权与财产所有权辨析

国有企业公司制改造,应以明晰的产权关系为依托,市场经济条件下的公司法人财产权不能等同于公司法人的所有权,本文试从公司法人财产权与所有权的一般性质出发,阐述公司法人财产权与所有权的共同点与不同点并分析对另一种错误观点的认识.     

财产规则、责任规则、不可转让规则与农地产权保护——农地征用中农民利益受损的法经济学分析

本文考察了我国农村土地在征用中的产权形态和农民利益的保障情况.由于城乡土地制度的分割,政府便成为城乡之间土地流转的惟一中介,农地转化为城市非农用地一概须经过政府的征用才能实现.这种制度安排使农地产权成为一种失去法律防护的权利,它既不能依据财产规则来保护,也不能以责任规则来保护,甚至不能得到"不可转让规则"的保护.因此,农地产权是一种残缺的产权.在城市化运动中,以这种产权为基础的农民利益失去了制度保障.     

驳公允价值将取代历史成本计量属性

文章在分析了公允价值和历史成本的优缺点的基础上,对它们之间的关系进行分析与评价,发现公允价值不能取代历史成本而单独存在,指出未来计量模式可以是一种公允价值与历史成本并用的双重计量模式。     

产权制度改革中防范国有资产流失的对策

国有资产是我国社会主义制度巩固和发展的物质基础.国有资产管理运营体制的改革是实施国有经济战略性改组,建立现代企业制度,提高国有资产运营效益,发展社会主义市场经济的重要保障.国有资产从一般竞争性领域退出,使国有企业的改革进入新的阶段.但是,日渐突出的国有资产流失问题,却在制约着国有资产退出的进程,对国有企业的改革形成了障碍.     

A Property of the Core

For any transferable utility game in coalitional form with nonempty core we show that, given any allocation outside the core, there is an allocation in the core that indirectly dominates it.Journal of Economic LiteratureClassification Number: C71.     

Property rights and the political organization of agriculture

We propose a general equilibrium model where the economic organization of agriculture and the political equilibrium determining the security of property rights are jointly determined. In particular, because the form of organization may affect the probability and distribution of benefits from future property challenges, it may be shaped in anticipation of this impact. Property rights security may then be secured at the expense of economic efficiency. The model provides a framework for understanding why in some contexts land is redistributed primarily via land sales and tenancy markets but via politics and conflict in others. We test some implications of the theory using a five-decade panel dataset that traces changes in the extent of tenancy and tenancy reform across 15 Indian states.     

Resale Markets and the Assignment of Property Rights

The consumption of an indivisible good causes identity-dependent externalities to non-consumers. We analyse resale markets where the current owner designs the trading procedure, but cannot commit to future actions. We ask the following questions: (1) Does the identity of the initial owner matter for the determination of the final consumer? (2) Is the outcome always efficient? The major conclusion of our paper is that the irrelevance of the initial structure of property rights arises in resale processes even if there are transaction costs that hinder efficiency. This result complements the Coasian view where the irrelevance of the assignment of property rights is a consequence of efficiency.     

财产税和地方公共支出对财产价值的影响

本文的目的是提供一些关于地方公共预算对社区内财产价值的影响的经验结论。通过财产税的转移理论,本文分析了整体税收对地主租金收入和对佃户付出的影响。研究结果表明了税收和支出方案对地方财产价值的影响方向,以及粗略估计的数量级。     

马克思产权理论与西方产权理论比较——基于私有产权起源和产权制度演进动力视角

通过私有产权的起源、产权制度演进动力的比较,分析了社会主义公有产权制度取代资本主义私有产权制度是历史的必然.认为在当前,必须以马克思主义产权理论来指导我国国有企业的产权改革.     

生态资产评估理论与方法评介

采用文献检索和对比分析法 ,介绍国内外生态资产评估理论与方法的研究进展。生态资产价值是基于经济学理论和生态经济学理论 ;生态资产评估的方法可分为四大类 ,直接市场法、替代市场技术、创建市场技术和空间—能值分析技术。应进一步广泛和深入生态资产评估研究 ,并尝试把这些方法相互补充完善 ,寻求适合不同地区和不同资产类型的评估方法。     

Agricultural Intensification, Common Property Resources and the Farm-Household

This paper evaluates the impact of agricultural price and intensification policies for common property resources and welfare of rural communities in developing countries. In doing so we develop a new model for the farm-household that has analytical advantages over the traditional one and that has significant potential for empirical application. The major findings are: Technical assistance that increase productivity of land-intensive agricultural outputs (cereals, livestock, etc.) cause degradation of the communal resources and may cause immiserization. Policies that increase the prices of these goods cause identical effects. By contrast, similar policies applied to labor-intensive outputs (vegetables, tubers, etc.) contribute to improve the common resources and to increase the welfare of the rural communities.     

循环经济的道德特性和行为方式

循环经济是经济发展与生态环境保护运动深度融合的结果,它的出现既体现了经济自身运行规律的客观必然性,也蕴涵着社会伦理演变中的道德必然性和内在的合道德性价值依据。循环经济的道德特性从根本上说是对自然生态的终极关怀和对人自身的终极关怀,是人类全面发展的重要手段。循环经济伦理是伦理观念和伦理实践的统一,它既是一个伦理观念更新的过程,也是一个在实践中自我规范的过程。     

增进财产性收入，推动社会保障改革

财产性收入一般是指家庭拥有的动产和不动产所获得的收入,属于分配领域的初次分配范畴。对于再分配领域的社会保障来讲,财产性收入可以转化成社会保障收入,是社会保障制度的重要基石,在许多情况下还可以替代社会保障的某些功能。而社会保障可以极大地弥补财产性收入分配的不公平。因此,我们可以从增进财产性收入出发,推动多样养老模式创新,坚决做实个人账户,加大企业年金的税收优惠,保护失地农民合法的权益,推动社会保障改革。     

论商品价值性质

不是任何抽象劳动都形成商品的价值,而是具有社会性、交换性和补偿性的抽象劳动才形成商品的价值。形成价值的抽象劳动的社会性、交换性和补偿性同时存在,三者互为前提,相互联系。抽象劳动的社会性、补偿性和交换性在生产过程和交换过程中形成商品价值性质。商品价值性质的核心是生产者的劳动时间与社会总劳动时间的关系。价值性质范畴有助于深化和发展劳动价值论,为判断劳动是否生产商品和形成价值提供新的视角。依据商品价值性质有助于解释一些经济现象,使劳动价值论更有说服力,从而增强其生命力。     

财产税功能研究

通过研究财产税的起源和发展,分析财产税在税制体系、税收原则、税收功能、征管手段等方面的发展变化,指出这些发展和变化都在很大程度上导致了财产税功能的演变。同时分析在现行经济形势和构建和谐社会的战略目标下,我国建立完善的财产税税制体系、发挥财产税收入分配的作用、兼顾财政收入和资源配置功能作用的必要性。