中国大型航运企业市场化面对的问题及对策分析

美国的次贷危机所引发的金融危机浪潮席卷全球．对世界经济产生了极大的负面影响．全球大宗商品价格出现大幅回落．世界经济增长减缓甚至出现衰退。而作为世界经济“晴雨表”的海运业首当其冲．新船订单接连出现撤销．BDI指数连创新低,世界海运业正面临着极其严峻的挑战。面对国际航运市场不断加剧的竞争,航运企业市场化的问题也已经摆到了中国航运企业的面前。文章就中国大型航运企业市场化所面对的传统问题和在金融危机出现时的应对对策进行了简要分析并提出了相应建议。     

Quality and Work Force Management: From Manufacturing Managers' Perspective

This article examines the work force management practices appropriate for quality management. The hypotheses positing the role of work force management practices in implementing and managing quality are developed and tested using data from 384 individuals in 98 manufacturing plants in the U.S. The results indicate that the relationship-oriented practices—team building, supporting, mentoring, inspiring, recognizing—seem to play an important role in manufacturing settings characterized by a high emphasis on quality. These practices seemingly motivate workers to manufacture products that are accurate, consistent, durable, and reliable. Furthermore, workers are entrusted with the traditional responsibilities of manufacturing managers, such as planning and problem solving.     

The Antecedents of Middle Managers' Strategic Contribution: The Case of a Professional Bureaucracy

abstract    Our study contributes towards a burgeoning literature that argues organizational performance is heavily influenced by what happens in the middle of the organization, rather than at the top. Examining the UK National Health Service, our study develops the work of Floyd and Wooldridge (1992 , 1994 , 1997 , 2000 ). It utilizes role theory to conceptualize changing experiences of middle managers in organizations as a role transition. Associated with this are problems of role conflict and role ambiguity ( Biddle, 1979 , 1986 ; Biddle and Thomas, 1966 ; Kahn et al., 1964 , 1966 ). Our study illustrates that there are limiting factors to a more strategic role for middle managers associated with the professional bureaucracy context. However, role conflict and ambiguity can be mediated by a socialization process, which values incoming identity and personal characteristics ( Van Maanen and Schein, 1979 ).     

Takeover deterrents and cross partial ownership: The case of golden shares

We analyse takeovers in an industry with bilateral capital‐linked firms in cross partial ownership (CPO). Before merger, CPO reduces the profitability of involved firms, confirming the “outsider effect.” However, the impact of CPO upon merger profitability is two‐sided in a Cournot setting. CPO, by cointegrating profits, increases output collusion leading to anticompetitive effects with facilitated mergers in most cases. Nonetheless, a protective threshold exists for which CPO arrangements can reduce the incentives for hostile takeovers. This has potentially significant regulatory implications. An illustrative example showcases the potential relevance of CPO as a defence against hostile takeovers across different industries.     

张醒生 心潮澎湃的日子

人物素描 1970年.中学毕业后的张醒生被分配至北京长途电话局工作.1974年,因在工作中表现优异,张醒生进入原北京邮电学院学习载波通信专业.     

Emotions as Strategic Game in a Hostile Workplace: An Exemplar Case

This exemplar case study demonstrates that, under some circumstances, staff may be encouraged by a hostile workplace to use their feelings in order to survive. This case study was undertaken as part of a larger phenomenological study of emotions in organisational life. This particular case was chosen as it depicts the story of emotions being used as strategic tools of defence against a vindictive, aggressive and hostile work place. The increase in abusive organisations has been noted in the literature: this was one person's protective response to it. The strategic gamesmanship used to positive effect included the hiding of emotions, emotional acting and the deliberate expression of emotions. Unfortunately, negative outcomes were also reported.     

Managers' reactions to implementing layoffs: Relationship to health problems and withdrawal behaviors

In the present study, we investigate several outcome differences among 410 managers who either had or had not implemented layoffs (i.e., handing out warn notices) during one or more years between 2000 and 2003. Using survey data, our findings show that issuing warn notices significantly predicts increased self‐reported health problems, seeking treatment for those health problems, sleep problems, feelings of depersonalization, and intent to quit. Emotional exhaustion fully mediates the relationship between issuing warn notices and health problems, depersonalization, and intent to quit, whereas it partially mediates the relationship to seeking treatment and sleep problems. A similar pattern was found for the mediating variable of job security. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

周成建做世界裁缝

8月28日,周成建一手创办并掌控的美特斯邦威服饰股份有限公司在深交所挂牌上市,按上市首日收盘价计算,周氏父女身家一日内飙升至161.4亿元.成功登顶内地服装首富.     

A decade of change: Managers' attachment to their organizations and their jobs

In this study geographically mobile managers in 1978 were compared to mobile managers in 1989 and significant changes were found in career patterns and attachment to the organization and the job. The managers in 1989 were changing jobs and relocating more frequently than were the 1978 managers. They were also less satisfied with their companies. Job involvement and job satisfaction, however, were higher among the 1989 managers than among the 1978 managers. Retrospectively, the 1989 managers thought they were less loyal to their companies than they had been five years previously. Managers' attachment to their organizations may be tied to challenging jobs that provide career development opportunities; those organizations unwilling or unable to provide such jobs may experience higher managerial turnover.     

礼来制药铁打的营盘铁打的兵

礼来全部的实力及所有的成功均来自于我们的员工。实际上,公司的未来取决于我们在全球的员工队伍。正是这些见解、经验与专业背景各异的员工们,为全球医药界的创新提供了源源不断的创见和巨大的动力。     

Power, Innovation and Problem-Solving: The Personnel Managers' Three Steps to Heaven?

ABSTRACT   Legge's seminal book on personnel managers ( Legge, 1978 ) identified ambiguities in their role, vicious circles that limited their power and possible strategies to improve their effectiveness. This paper explores how far the advent of human resource management has altered the circumstances in which they find themselves and how far it offers a new basis for power and influence. Analysis of interviews with 48 senior executives indicates that although there have been changes in features of the ambiguities and vicious circles, personnel managers have failed to overcome many of the problems identified by Legge 25 years earlier or to seize the opportunities outlined by Ulrich (1997 ) to become human resource champions.     

直线经理的人力资源管理认知、职责与效能:研究回顾与展望

人力资源管理要实现预期功效,很大程度上取决于人力资源管理的落地实施,而直线经理在人力资源管理实施过程中发挥着重要作用.鉴于此,国内外不少学者从直线经理角度对人力资源管理进行了研究探索,并取得了丰富成果.然而,当前研究非常零散,且不同研究之间缺乏有效对话,这不利于后续学者清晰地了解该研究领域的发展脉络与现状,也难以为组织管理者提供切实可行的管理启示.基于61项理论和实证研究,本文对该研究领域进行了系统性的回顾,发现当前研究主要聚焦在直线经理的人力资源管理认知、人力资源管理职责以及人力资源管理效能三个方面.本文具体梳理了这三方面的研究现状,并在此基础上提出了6个可供考察的研究问题.     

The Impact of Corporate Environmental Violation on Shareholders' Wealth: a Perspective Taken from Media Coverage

This study provides empirical evidence of the way in which media coverage of corporate environmental violation events affects shareholders' wealth due to stock market reactions. Data relating to the media coverage of the environmental violations of 173 publically traded companies in China, gathered using web crawler technology, were analyzed through multi‐dimensional variables with the purpose of examining the impact of media coverage on stock market reactions in terms of cumulative abnormal return (CAR) under different event windows based on the methodology of event study. The variables include the intensity of media coverage, media information sources, disclosure mode, media newsworthiness, violation entity, whether the company is punished by the government, whether the company makes a clarification and whether the company is ISO 14001 certified. The results obtained reveal that media coverage affects the market values of the event companies to some extent, and that those companies that attract high levels of media attention generally see greater losses in their shareholders' wealth. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.     

管理者过度自信、企业价值与企业财务困境的关系——基于东星集团的案例研究

实证研究表明,管理者过度自信与企业财务困境之间存在一定的关系,但现有文献并未清晰地回答管理者过度自信对企业财务困境形成的影响机理。本文通过理论分析和案例研究建立了管理者过度自信与企业价值之间相互影响、递进上升,最后导致企业陷入财务困境的分析模型。文章提出了用OC系数来衡量管理者过度自信,是对管理者过度自信研究方法的一个贡献;建立了管理者过度自信、企业价值与企业财务困境之间的关系模型,能够比较清晰地解释管理者过度自信对企业财务困境形成的影响机理,丰富了管理者过度自信和企业财务困境的理论研究成果。     

Coping with International Accounting Diversity: Fund Managers' Views on Disclosure,Reconciliation, and Harmonization*

In this paper we examine the practices of representative samples of U.S.- and U.K.-based international investment managers in order to determine whether and how they are affected by accounting diversity and, therefore, by the presence or absence of quantitative reconciliation, and what their views are towards greater disclosure, reconciliation, or harmonization. We find that all three forms of reduced diversity-more uniform disclosure, quantitative reconciliation to U.S. GAAP, and international harmonization are viewed as good things by managers. None, however, appears to be critical in the investment process. Reconciliation is a costly requirement and we conclude that the SEC's insistence on reconciliation is not well-founded and that other means, especially greater emphasis on mutual recognition subject to certain minimum standards of disclosure and presentation, would be more effective.     

控制权转移、企业绩效与大股东利益侵占——来自上市公司高管变更的经验证据

Shleifer和Vishny(1986)指出,大股东对公司治理会产生两种相反的效应,即利益协同效应和利益侵占效应.那么,我国上市公司的控制权转移会带来什么效应呢?本文选定2000～2004年发生控制权转移的上市公司为样本,考察了控制权转移后高管变更对大股东利益侵占的影响,在此基础上进一步分析了大股东利益侵占对企业绩效的影响,接着建立联立方程并采用两阶段最小二乘法(2SLS)检验了控制权转移、企业绩效与大股东利益侵占三者之间的关系.研究结果表明,控制权转移后高管变更确实对大股东利益侵占产生了正的影响,同时,大股东利益侵占又对企业绩效产生了负向的作用.与以往不同的是,我们引入了高管变更和大股东利益侵占变量,更好地解释了上市公司控制权转移后对企业绩效的影响.     

The Road Not Taken: A Comparison Between the Hard ECU and the Euro

In the context of the Eurozone crisis this paper re‐examines the Hard ECU using the concepts of the macroeconomic trilemma and the political trilemma. We find that the Hard ECU would have been less economically and politically damaging than the euro. We conclude that it was a superior approach to monetary union.     

Small and Medium‐Sized Enterprises and Sustainability: Managers' Values and Engagement with Environmental and Climate Change Issues

This article reports on an in‐depth, qualitative study into the pro‐environmental engagement of small businesses in the east of England, with respect to climate change in particular. Managers of environmentally pro‐active small businesses were asked about the pro‐environmental measures they had implemented in their firms, their motivations for doing so, and their understanding of climate change. The managers in this study had a relatively good understanding of environmental issues in general and climate change in particular, and had implemented a range of pro‐environmental measures in their firms. Their understanding of climate change was a holistic one, which sat within their overall understanding of environmental and social issues. While economic arguments and external pressure played a role in their pro‐environmental engagement, perhaps the most notable motivation for managers in this study to engage with environmental and climate change issues was personal values and beliefs. Environmentally engaged managers exhibited an internal locus of control. Some of these findings contrast with the views of key informants in local government and business advice organisations, who tend to emphasise the business case and cost arguments when trying to encourage small businesses towards greater environmental engagement. These findings suggest that public policy and business advice in this area should perhaps focus more strongly on personal values and a sense of being able to contribute to environmental protection in their engagement with small businesses. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.     

Numbers and words revisited: Being “shamelessly eclectic”

Despite the growing acknowledgement that complex social phenomena can be usefully understood through multiple methods of inquiry, there are few sound examples of mixed-methods research. This paper offers concrete examples from recent policy research in the United States about how qualitative and quantitative methods can be combined to better address complex research questions. Using a conceptual framework developed in 1985 and recently elaborated, we describe how, in both the design and analysis phases of research, combing methods can enhance the research purposes ofcorroborating, elaborating, developing, andinitiating understandings of social phenomena.A previous version of this paper was presented at the annual meetings of the American Educational Research Association, Chicago, 1991.