人力资本与大学生就业相关关系的实证研究

这篇文章探讨了高校毕业生所具备的人力资本与就业状态的关系。以大学毕业生的月收入和职业满意度为着眼点,通过问卷调查的方法获取一手数据,量化高校对各个方面人力资本的培养,并将劳动力市场按工作单位的性质分为四类,试图采用多元线性回归模型分类探讨我国高校培养人力资本的方向是否能够符合劳动力市场的需求和大学教育怎样更有效率地提高学生的就业能力等相关问题。     

个人高等教育投资决策行为分析

个人高等教育投资决策行为分析□任晓教育能极大提高人力资本存量水平,改善一个人的收入状况（包括货币与非货币的收入）,一个人决定进行教育投资,就是想通过教育获得更高的的收益。然而,如同一般的商业性投资一样,对教育的投入同样具有一定的风险。因此,个人在对待...     

人力资本投资与大学生就业现状悖论分析

随着2009年世界经济危机的加剧,我国大学毕业生就业问题日趋严峻。教育是人力资本投资的重要方面,并且应该是高成本高收益。但目前大学生的就业现状却与之相悖。文章通过对这种悖论现象进行分析,从而探讨当前大学生就业困难的深层次原因,并对大学生就业提出相应的建议。     

人力资本投资与大学生就业现状悖论分析

随着2009年世界经济危机的加剧,我国大学毕业生就业问题日趋严峻.教育是人力资本投资的重要方面,并且应该是高成本高收益.但目前大学生的就业现状却与之相悖.文章通过时这种悖论现象进行分析,从而探讨当前大学生就业困难的深层次原因,并对大学生就业提出相应的建议.     

家庭人力资本投资的价值分析

本文通过对知识分类和现有隐性知识概念的梳理，指出家庭人力资本投资存在着明显的重视显性知识、忽视隐性知识倾向，具体表现在热衷于教育投资而忽视其他形式的人力资本投资。通过对家庭人力资本投资的不同形式进行成本收益计算，结果显示从一生来看在职培训比教育投资有更高的货币收益，理性的家庭投资者应该根据自己的禀赋选择使自己财富最大化的投资形式。本文对影响家庭人力资本投资的非货币因素进行简单分析，论证家庭的人力资本投资意愿受制于多重价值之间的权衡。     

我国消费需求的总量与结构:基于外资并购的视角

本文通过实证数据,在剖析我国目前消费现状的基础上,分析了外资并购对我国消费需求总量与结构的影响,并得出以下结论:外资并购通过平均收入效应、收入分配效应、就业增量效应、就业挤出效应、供给带动效应以及消费制度效应影响我国消费需求的数量与质量,具备改善我国消费现状的潜能,但消费是一国内需,从根本上改善内需还需立足本国。     

农民工的就业能力模型研究

在西方学者对就业能力概念界定的基础上提出农民工的就业能力模型,指出人力资本是农民工就业能力的核心内在影响因素,社会资本通过人力资本对就业能力产生影响,两者之间是相辅相成的关系,个性特质和外部环境是影响就业能力的外在因素。提升农民工就业能力需要个人、企业和政府三方共同努力。     

我国消费需求的总量与结构:基于外资并购的视角

本文通过实证数据,在剖析我国目前消费现状的基础上,分析了外资并购对我国消费需求总量与结构的影响,并得出以下结论:外资并购通过平均收入效应、收入分配效应、就业增量效应、就业挤出效应、供给带动效应以及消费制度效应影响我国消费需求的数量与质量,具备改善我国消费现状的潜能,但消费是一国内需,从根本上改善内需还需立足本国.     

谈滞胀与调控体系

在商品货币经济中,货币存量的状况是直接反映一个国家的产业结构、市场弹力、流通消费情况等经济面貌的一面镜子,也是检验货币政策效应和改善宏观调控机制的重要着手点。本文拟从现时货币存量的历史演变和未来导控两方面谈谈个人的粗浅看法。     

收入分配因素影响宏观经济的模型分析

本文通过将基尼系数加入IS-LM模型来考察分配因素对宏观经济的影响。基尼系数的变动将通过边际消费倾向、货币的交易需求和货币的投机需求三个渠道影响宏观经济,基尼系数的增大将削弱货币政策的效应,增强财政政策的效应,同时使产出发生变化。结合我国的实际情况,分析了模型结论在我国的实用情况,得出目前基尼系数增大的效应主要表现在降低边际消费倾向影响产出的增加和财政货币政策的效果。通过使用脉冲反应函数来检验我国的基尼系数和相关变量之间的关系,验证了模型的部分假设前提和结论。最后,根据我国的实际情况,给出减小基尼系数增大负面效应的相应政策建议。     

信息技术在高等美术教育中的应用研究及设想

信息技术与高等美术教育相结合是指在科学的教育思想、教学方针的指导下 ,在高等专业美术教育活动中结合使用信息技术 ,把信息资源、信息方法、人力资源和专业美术课程内容有机地结合起来 ,共同完成教学任务的新型美术专业教育教学模式。这种新型的教学模式可促进传统的以教师为中心的教学模式的根本性改变 ,从而达到培养学生创新思维、创造与实践能力的教学目标     

An empirical analysis of college enrollment in The Netherlands

Summary In this paper we present empirical results on the demand for university training in the Netherlands. We integrate investment and consumption aspects of education and explicitly take account of the existence of capital market imperfections. The model has been estimated using time-series data. We pay attention to the dynamic structure and the nonlinearity of the functional specification. To a large extent the qualitative effects of the variables suggested by the theory on college enrollment correspond to the results. The effect of tuition on enrollment is not significantly different from zero at the 5 percent level. The elasticity of male enrollment for financial aid is substantial, but the elasticity for per capita income is even higher (close to one). The model allows deriving projections of college enrollment and investigating the impact of government policy.The authors gratefully acknowledge comments on an earlier version by S.K. Kuipers and J. Pen.     

教育公共投入与收入差距的波及效应

在对城乡教育公共投入差异的分析基础上,运用卢卡斯的新经济增长理论框架,采用面板数据常用的固定效应模型估计人力资本及其外溢效应对城乡收入差异的影响。实证研究发现,人力资本对城乡收入增长均有较强的促进作用,且农村人力资本的产出弹性明显高于城市。但与城市相比,农村人力资本的外溢效应偏低,这在一定程度上拉大了业已存在的城乡差距。     

Examining Foreign Aid Fungibility in Small Open Economies

The paper uses a non-scale growth model to examine the behavior of a small open economy to varying degrees of foreign aid fungibility. Shifting government resources to public consumption while allocating the aid to either type of public expenditure or as a pure transfer changes the productivity of the private factors in production. Agents respond, as with any government transfer, by adjusting consumption, debt and work effort. Private capital accumulation slows and the welfare effect dominates. The fungibility results maintain for parameterizations that reflect limited substitution in production and where the public capital externality is small. The analysis, which employs extensive numerical simulations, emphasizes the tradeoffs between long-run capital accumulation and welfare that maintain even when aid is fungible. The simulations highlight the complementarity between foreign aid and public expenditure, the tradeoff between welfare and capital accumulation, and that aid cannot replace the government??s own commitment to financing public expenditure. The results suggest that a policy in which the government is required to maintain its expenditure commitment to public capital yields the highest level effects to capital accumulation, consumption and output.     

美术鉴赏类课程在普通高校公共艺术课程体系当中的重要意义

美术鉴赏类课程有助于高校学生“三观”的形成;有助于培养学生的创造思维和创造意识;有助于学生产生愉悦心理,形成乐观的学习与生活心态。因此,美术鉴赏类课程应在普通高校公共艺术课程体系当中得到充分的重视和积极地开发。     

Persistent differences in national productivity growth rates with a common technology and free capital mobility: The roles of private thrift, public debt, capital taxation, and policy toward human capital formation

The paper develops a two-country endogenous growth model to investigate possible causes for the existence and persistence of productivity growth differentials between nations despite a common technology, constant returns to scale, and perfect international capital mobility. Private consumption is derived from a three-period overlapping generations specification. The source of productivity (growth) differentials in our model is the existence of a nontraded capital good (“human capital”) whose augmentation requires a nontraded current input (time spent by the young in education rather than leisure). We consider the influence on productivity growth differentials of private thrift, public debt, the taxation of capital and savings, and policy toward human capital formation.     

大学生消费的差异化分析

以"湛江高校大学生消费情况的调查数据"为依据,对湛江市三所不同类型高校大学生的消费进行了比较,以揭示其消费差异,并对其成因进行了分析;以此为基础,分析了大学生消费与人力资本提升的关系,认为人际交往、休闲娱乐等精神上的消费应该作为大学生人力资本投资的一部分。最后,提出了提升大学生人力资本的建议。     

The economics of education in Bophuthatswana

Education usually correlates with economic development. In the transformation process of any traditional society education is most often assumed to provide the solution to or stimulus for development. Many governments are convinced that education or, more generally, capital investment in human beings contributes as much to economic growth as does investment in capital equipment. As a result the proportion of public expenditure on education in developing countries is often very high. This paper is an attempt to point out what the effects of public expenditure on education in Bophuthatswana are, given constraints such as economic efficiency and equity. In Bophuthatswana these economic effects of education tend to go beyond the borders of the country.     

Patterns and Sources of Changing Wage Inequality in Chile and Costa Rica During Structural Adjustment

During their respective periods of structural adjustment, inequality increased more rapidly in Chile than in Costa Rica. Using a new technique which measures the effects of changes in the quantities and prices of individual dimension of human capital on overall wage inequality, we identify changes in wage premiums associated with more education as an important cause of the different inequality outcomes. We present evidence that the different education price effects were due to different rates of growth in the demand for more-educated workers. Furthermore, inequality increased in Chile despite a large equalizing education quantity effect.     

Dynamics between government spending and economic growth in China: an analysis of productivity growth

This study investigates the dynamics between government spending and economic growth in China through influencing the productivity growth of human capital byapplying Markov switching estimates for the annual time series data of China over the period 1952–2014. Firstly, we found that the Chinese economy exists in two states including state one with low growth and state two with high growth. Secondly, the consumption spending has significantly positive effect both states, while the military spending has only positive effect in state two. Interestingly, the growth effect level of consumption spending in state two is smaller than that in state one, implying a reducing effect of total factor productivity in state two. Thirdly, the combined effects of consumption spending and military spending with human capital are state dependent. This combined effect is reduced in both states, suggesting that government spending does not improve the productivity growth effect of human capital.