美国在华FDI对中美经贸关系的影响

中美之间的贸易不平衡存在着内在的必然性,美国在华直接投资从替代效应和互补效应两个方面又加剧双边的贸易不平衡.美国在华投资企业可以成为减弱中美贸易摩擦的一股特殊力量.     

美在华FDI对中美贸易不平衡的影响

随着中美贸易差额逐年扩大,两国的贸易不平衡问题愈演愈烈,由此引发的贸易争端也与日俱增。对此,本文利用具体的理论和数据分别从对投资母国和东道国的外贸影响角度,结合美国在华FDI的规模、行业、市场情况等特点以及现今跨国外包、供应链重组和中国经济结构转型等国际经济活动的新趋势综合研究了美在华FDI对中美贸易不平衡问题的影响效应。     

美在华FDI对中美贸易不平衡的影响

随着中美贸易差额逐年扩大,两国的贸易不平衡问题愈演愈烈,由此引发的贸易争端也与日俱增.对此,本文利用具体的理论和数据分别从对投资母国和东道国的外贸影响角度,结合美国在华FDI的规模、行业、市场情况等特点以及现今跨国外包、供应链重组和中国经济结构转型等国际经济活动的新趋势综合研究了美在华FDI对中美贸易不平衡问题的影响效应.     

美国FDI对中美贸易影响的实证分析

改革开放以来,美国在华直接投资（FDI）快速增长,同时中美双边贸易额也在不断扩大,从1979年的25亿美元跃升至2005年的2116亿美元。现在美国已经成为中国的第二大贸易伙伴,中国为美国的第三大贸易伙伴。美国是中国主要的贸易伙伴国和外资来源国之一,研究美国FDI对中美贸易的影响,有助于中国合理制定对美国的贸易和投资政策,具有显著的现实意义。     

FDI对中美贸易摩擦的影响及我国的应对措施

一、中美贸易摩擦现状 中美建交以来,双边的贸易额度日益攀升,截止去年,按中方统计,双边贸易总额已达到2116亿美元,而按美方统计,中美贸易总额为2853亿美元。虽然双方在统计口径上不一,但数据显示,双边的经贸往来使中美两国经济的相互依存度日益紧密。目前,美国已经成为中国的第一大贸易伙伴,同时,中国也成为美国的第二大贸易伙伴。在双方经贸规模不断扩大之际,中美贸易摩擦问题也愈来愈引起两国的高度关注,贸易不平衡问题已经成为中美经贸往来的主要障碍。     

美国在华直接投资对中美贸易不平衡的影响研究

20世纪90年代以来,美国在华直接投资额呈迅速上升趋势,中美贸易规模也不断扩大,与此同时,两国的贸易差额也逐年增大,双边贸易的不平衡加剧了贸易摩擦。本文首先从美国在华投资对中美贸易差额所产生的各种效应阐述了中美贸易失衡的原因,然后通过实证分析得出美国在华直接投资与中美贸易顺差之间存在长期协整关系的结论,即美国在华直接投资是导致中美贸易顺差的决定性因素。最后提出缓解中美贸易不平衡的相关对策建议。     

中美贸易失衡对中国影响及对策

文章从中美贸易失衡的现状入手,从政治、经济以及统计等方面探讨了中美贸易不平衡的深层次原因,阐述了中美贸易失衡给中美双方带来的影响,进而提出了中国应对中美贸易不平衡的对策和建议。     

中美贸易不平衡问题的原因研究

中美贸易不平衡问题一直是中美双方颇为关注的一个热点问题,也是影响两国贸易关系发展的一个主要障碍。本文通过对20世纪90年代以来的贸易数据分析,并结合相关国际贸易理论,阐释产生了中美贸易不平衡的重要原因,得出结论：中美贸易不平衡,原因是多方面的,中国绝不是罪魁祸首。     

浅析中美贸易摩擦

2001年中国加入世贸组织后,中美两国经济相互依赖、相互促进,同时两国之间的经济摩擦也不断出现。中美贸易摩擦近年来主要集中在“反倾销”、“知识产权”、“人民币升值”、“反补贴”四个方面,而产生摩擦的根本原因就是中美贸易不平衡。如何看待和解决中美贸易失衡已成为影响未来几年中关经贸关系乃至两国外交关系的关键问题之一。     

中美贸易不平衡问题研究

本文通过对中美进出口贸易商品结构的分析，在掌握中美贸易商品结构特点的基础上，引出对中美贸易不平衡问题的探讨，并最终确定导致中美两国本应和谐的互补贸易出现巨额逆差的主要原因便是美国的出口管制制度。     

外商直接投资对中国对外贸易影响的实证分析

本文以中国和其它24个国家或地区的最近3年的外贸和外资的实际数据为基础,用统计计量学方法对外商直接投资(FDI)和国际贸易关系进行实证研究,定量论证了FDI的贸易促进作用,在此基础上,还对中国与各个国家或地区之间贸易规模差异进行了阐述.     

Externalities from foreign direct investment in the Mexican retailing sector

This contribution to the discussion on the impact of foreigndirect investment in developing countries is based on an empiricalstudy of the consequences of transnational corporations' presencein the Mexican retailing sector, particularly Wal-Mart. First,it is shown that the arrival of foreign firms accelerates themodernisation but has a negative impact on local firms' performanceas well as local worker remuneration as a result of the growingcompetitive pressure in the sector. Second, the changes thatoccurred in supply chain governance and the tremendous increaseof imports initiated by Wal-Mart are described, and some probableimplications for local suppliers are suggested.     

浅析国际直接投资自由化进程中的中国外资政策

随着全球经济一体化的演进，国际直接投资日趋自由化流动。国际直接投资自由化的兴起在全球经济的增长和国际分工深化的进程中发挥了越来越重要的作用。我国是利用国际直接投资的大国，目前正处于向市场经济转轨的关键时期，经济体制和市场结构还不完善，如何在确保国家经济安全的前提下，推进国际直接投资自由化进程，积极合理地扩大引资规模，应成为人们关注的焦点问题。因此，本文试图探寻国际直接投资自由化的经济机理，总结出国际投资自由化的有效制度安排对现行制度进行调整，以期更好地把握和指导我国改革开放实践及进一步融入国际直接投资自由化进程。     

The importance of clusters for spillovers from foreign direct investment and technology sourcing

This paper examines the link between cluster development andinward foreign direct investment. The conventional policy approachhas been to assume that inward foreign direct investment (FDI)can stimulate significant clustering activity, thus generatingsignificant spillovers. This paper, however, questions thisand shows that, while clusters can generate significant productivityspillovers from FDI, this only occurs in pre-existing clusters.Further, the paper demonstrates that foreign-owned firms thatenter clusters also appropriate spillovers when domestic firmsundertake investment, raising the possibility that clustersare important locations for so called technology, or knowledgesourcing activities by MNEs.     

Competition for foreign direct investment: The role of technology and market structure

We analyze the location choice of a multinational corporation (MNC) between two host countries. We consider both passive and active governments and examine the role of production efficiencies, and of market structure, in the MNC's choice. Our findings include: (i) when the domestic firms export, the country with fewer firms always gets the MNC, but the MNC is indifferent between hosts with firms that have different efficiency levels, (ii) when the domestic firms do not export, the country with more firms gets the MNC if they are sufficiently inefficient, and the MNC locates in the country with less efficient firms.     

The determinants of foreign direct investment into European transition economies

Using a panel dataset of bilateral flows of foreign direct investment (FDI), we study the determinants of FDI from Western countries, mainly in the European Union (EU), to Central and Eastern European ones. We find the most important influences to be unit labor costs, gravity factors, market size, and proximity. Interestingly, host country risk proves not to be a significant determinant. Our empirical work also indicates that announcements about EU Accession proposals have an impact on FDI for the future member countries. Journal of Comparative Economics 32 (4) (2004) 775–787.     

Evidence on corruption as an incentive for foreign direct investment

This paper assesses the relationship between corruption and inward foreign direct investment (FDI). Previous research has presumed that corruption directly enters the cost function of multinationals, suggesting a negative relationship between corruption and FDI. For a sample of 73 developed and less developed countries and the time period 1995–1999, we find a clear positive relationship between corruption and FDI. Corruption is thus a stimulus for FDI.     

Foreign direct investment in a world of multiple taxes

Governments impose multiple taxes on foreign investors, though studies of the effect of tax policy on the location of foreign direct investment (FDI) focus almost exclusively on corporate income taxes. This paper examines the impact of indirect (non-income) taxes on FDI by American multinational firms, using affiliate-level data that permit the introduction of controls for parent companies and affiliate industries. Indirect tax burdens significantly exceed the foreign income tax obligations of foreign affiliates of American companies. Estimates imply that 10% higher local indirect tax rates are associated with 7.1% lower affiliate assets, which is similar to the effect of 10% higher income tax rates. Affiliate output falls by 2.9% as indirect taxes rise by 10%, while higher income taxes have more modest output effects. High corporate income tax rates depress capital/labor ratios and profit rates of foreign affiliates, whereas high indirect tax rates do not. These patterns reveal the impact of indirect taxes and suggest the mechanisms by which direct and indirect taxes affect FDI.     

Foreign direct investment and bilateral investment treaties: An international political perspective

This paper investigates the effect of the implementation of bilateral investment treaties (BITs) on the bilateral stocks of foreign direct investment (FDI). We argue that the understanding of how BITs affect FDI requires recognizing that multinational enterprises (MNEs) are not Stateless and that their investment return may well depend on the quality of political relations between the home and host countries. Using bilateral FDI data and event data to measure political interactions between countries, we show that the effect of the entry into force of a BIT crucially depends on the quality of political relations between the signatory countries; it increases FDI more between countries with tense relationships than between friendly countries. We also find evidence that BITs and good domestic institutions are complementary. BITs should therefore be understood as a mechanism for host governments to credibly commit not to expropriate investors in the future.