技术壁垒影响下我国蜂蜜国际竞争力的演变

近年来我国遭遇了许多蜂蜜贸易的技术壁垒,而技术壁垒通过降低我国出口量、提高技术标准和引导新市场开拓来影响我国蜂蜜的国际竞争力.通过贸易竞争指数、显示性对称比较优势指数、国际市场占有率和进出口价格比等4个指标的分析结果可知,在技术壁垒的影响下我国蜂蜜国际竞争力从1996年～2011年整体呈下降趋势,质量和附加值在国际上不具备优势.     

我国农产品出口应对技术壁垒的若干思考

积极应对国外技术壁垒,实现我国农产品技术壁垒的跨越,是一项长期复杂的系统工程,需要从战略上、以及宏观与微观结合上把握未来农产品贸易发展的趋势和方向,正确制定我国农产品长期发展的战略规划和应对技术壁垒的思路;积极引导和帮助国内企业提高技术、服务和管理水平,应对和突破国外的技术壁垒,增强和保持我国农产品出口在国际市场尤其是发达国家市场的竞争力。     

我国纺织品贸易“技术壁垒”的实证分析

技术壁垒在一定程度上缓解了世界环境污染加重的趋势的同时,也逐渐演化成为一种作用强大的新的贸易保护手段,成为世界贸易发展的巨大障碍。本文从技术壁垒的概念入手,以我国对美国的纺织品出口为例,利用国际经济学理论知识及模型,进行实证分析,得出技术壁垒对国际贸易的影响及作用,并就所得结果提出应对技术壁垒的有关策略。     

贸易技术壁垒

贸易技术壁垒 (TechnicalBarrier to Trade,TBT)指能产生贸易障碍的规则、标准 (包括对包装、标志、标签等的要求 )、检测与证明程序和其他非关税壁垒。在贸易技术壁垒协议下 ,WTO成员国就农业和工业产品使用贸易技术壁垒的约束纪律达成了一致。贸易技术壁垒     

应对TBT 一个全新的挑战

贸易技术壁垒对世界贸易产生重大影响。它对中国的出口贸易也是一个严峻的挑战。为跨越贸易技术壁垒,我们必须充分利用WTO/TBT协议的有利条款,建成基础标准体系,建立质量认证制度以及提高自己的技术水平。     

贸易技术壁垒经济分析

本文从国际贸易中技术壁垒的种种表现出发,对贸易技术壁垒的概念进行了新的理论界定;从对进口商品的数量控制和价格控制两个方面分析了贸易技术壁垒的作用机制;并运用局部均衡模型,对贸易技术壁垒的静态经济效应进行了深入剖析.     

国外技术壁垒对我国出口的影响及对策

技术壁垒就是各国为了保护本国的利益而设置的进出口障碍,而当前各国已经广泛利用技术壁垒措施来限制出口国贸易,其中我国受国外技术壁垒的影响就较为严重。因此,提高科学技术,积极应对技术壁垒具有重要的意义。本文主要从技术壁垒的概述出发,阐述了国外技术壁垒对我国进出口的影响以及应对措施。     

国外技术壁垒对我国出口的影响及对策2

技术壁垒就是各国为了保护本国的利益而设置的进出口障碍,而当前各国已经广泛利用技术壁垒措施来限制出口国贸易,其中我国受国外技术壁垒的影响就较为严重。因此,提高科学技术,积极应对技术壁垒具有重要的意义。本文主要从技术壁垒的概述出发,阐述了国外技术壁垒对我国进出口的影响以及应对措施。     

贸易技术壁垒产业竞争共性分析

自由和保护在国际贸易中时刻都存在着,其中技术壁垒是我国遭受贸易障碍的主要来源之一,发达国家往往采用贸易技术壁垒来合理合法地限制我国产品的出口,同时也能起到贸易保护的作用。最近全球都在经历重大的金融危机,许多国家为了保护国内的产业,纷纷提出一些贸易保护措施,而贸易技术壁垒也必然会再次成为主要方法之一,因此通过初步分析企业的外部环境中的微观环境中的一般模式,指出在贸易技术壁垒情况下的竞争策略思考。     

我国外贸企业如何克服技术壁垒的障碍

随着国际经济一体化的逐渐发展,贸易呈现出自由化的趋势,而西方的一些发达国家也在这个时候纷纷采取技术壁垒的方式,来阻止发展中国家的产品进入到本国的市场中去。因此,我国的外贸企业也遭受到大量技术壁垒的冲击,本文就我国外贸企业如何克服技术壁垒障碍进行了相应的探讨,并提出了有效的解决措施。     

刍议国际贸易中的贸易报复

20世纪 90年代后,随着经济全球化的发展,国际贸易领域中的争端和冲突日益增多,许多国家为了维护自己的经济利益,开始越来越多地采取贸易报复。目前,贸易报复已成为制约国际贸易发展的重要障碍之一,而要减少各国之间的贸易报复,首先需要真正地认识贸易报复。     

国际贸易理论的演进逻辑:贸易动因、贸易结构和贸易结果

国际贸易理论历经古典贸易理论、新古典贸易理论、新贸易理论、新兴古典贸易理论和新新贸易理论五个阶段,主要回答三个基本问题:贸易动因、贸易结构和贸易结果。依据不同的假设,贸易理论对影响贸易的边界条件的解释各不相同,对贸易动因解释也不相同;贸易结构从行业间贸易、行业内贸易发展为企业间贸易,国际贸易正在向全球化下的企业分工演变;贸易结果是国际贸易得以持续展开的效果,生产力提升是最终的结果。基于三个基本问题,比较各种国际贸易理论,揭示各种国际贸易理论的局限性,并做出评价。     

贸易自由化与中性贸易体制

贸易体制中性化是贸易自由化的内在要求，但是，中性化并不等于自由化，贸易自由化必须包括贸易体制中性化和减少贸易干预两个方面。贸易自由化的实质是建立有效的市场经济机制，减少对贸易的行政干预是贸易自由化成功与否的关键所在。     

货物贸易、服务贸易与技术贸易发展趋向

通过对世界货物贸易、世界服务贸易和国际技术贸易这三者的发展状况进行对比分析,考察三者在贸易自由化方面的关系,认为技术贸易自由化的阻力是技术贸易、服务贸易和货物贸易中最小的,且发展最快;服务贸易自由化的阻力又小于货物贸易自由化的阻力,其发展速度快于货物贸易,并据此提出我国应采取的对策建议。     

ASEAN-India Free Trade Agreement: Evaluating Trade Creation and Trade Diversion Effects

The present study attempts to provide insight into the trade creation and trade diversion effects of ASEAN-India Free Trade Agreement in goods, which came into force in 2010. The paper applies a theoretically consistent gravity model and uses empirically robust procedures such as ordinary least squares and pseudo-Poisson maximum likelihood in order to analyze the ex post effects of the agreement at an aggregate level. The results reveal that standard gravity variables are statistically significant and report expected signs, yet a reduction in export flows has been observed following the implementation of the free trade agreement, giving rise to pure trade diversion effects.     

Do Trade Agreements Increase Food Trade?

In addition to multilateral trade agreements under the World Trade Organization (WTO), the world has seen a remarkable proliferation of regional trade agreements (RTAs) in the last two decades. This study investigates whether these multilateral and regional trade institutions increase food trade and bring the world into a freer flow of food. The gravity model of international trade is used for the empirical analysis. The model is developed in a large panel data setting and attempted to address some potential problems in the estimations including multilateral trade resistances, zero trade values and endogeneity. The results suggest that both the WTO and RTAs have delivered significant positive effects on trade among the participant countries, but not food. Only RTAs are found to have increased food trade among the participant countries. However, although on average the WTO is found to have negative implications on food trade, it facilitates the developing countries more than the developed countries.     

客户做什么生意，我们就做什么生意

要帮助客户做生意，自己应该成为一个合格的生意人，这样才能引起客户的共鸣和重视，赢得客户的尊重。[编者按]     

Do Trade Agreements Stimulate International Trade Differently? Evidence from 296 Trade Agreements

In a seminal article, Rose (2004) found that the assumed positive impact of the WTO on international trade was questionable. This finding has been scrutinised and modified in subsequent research, using different data sets, econometric methods and separating the WTO from other forms of trade agreements. A key characteristic of the subsequent literature is the rather simplistic way in which trade agreements are treated whereby all trade agreements are lumped together. Trade agreements come, however, in many different forms and shapes. This study addresses these differences in trade agreements. Using a unique database of 296 trade agreements, we distinguish 17 trade‐related policy domains and indicate whether the agreements contain legally enforceable commitments. This extensive and novel taxonomy of trade agreements enables us to allow for the possible heterogeneity of the impact of trade agreements on international trade. Using a gravity model, we find that trade agreement heterogeneity indeed matters for international trade and that countries experience significant trade increases due to comprehensive trade agreements even if not all participants are in the WTO.     

Growth and Trade vs. Trade and Growth

In the traditional trade literature, there is a well-developed area analyzing the effect of growth on trade and its reflection on income growth. This literature developed already in the 1950s and 1960s. Generally speaking, an interest in the effects of trade on growth has also existed for many years, where trade has often been viewed as an engine of growth. Cases in point are the "East Asian Tigers" and Japan which have especially benefited from outward-looking policies. In this paper, we analyze the relationship between economic growth and growth in income terms of trade, arguing that income terms of trade is a useful concept in analyses of the link between trade and growth. Our results suggest that fast-growing countries have either specialized in sectors with a relatively favorable development with regard to world market prices, or they have managed to successively improve quality within sectors, thereby avoiding falling terms of trade in spite of large increases in export volumes.