废次烟草中有效成分的综合利用

我国是烟草种植大国。由于地理环境、种植技术、气候等因素影响，每年均有一定数量的低等级烟草无法被收购，这些废次烟草既不能焚烧又不能作为肥料，成为烟农的一种负担。此外，烟厂还有近三分之一的烟杆作为废料白白丢掉。其实，这些废烟草中含有多种有利用价值的成分，如烟碱、茄尼醇、糖类、酸等。其中烟碱、茄尼醇是烟草中很重要的有价成分。烟碱（Nicotine）是一种生物碱，通常与柠檬酸、苹果酸等结合成盐而存在于烟草中。烟碱在天然烟叶中的含量较高，一般可达１２％～１６％；在烟梗中的含量稍低一些，大约为５％～７％。因此，废…     

以TOPO为基础的深共晶溶剂综合回收废SmCo磁体的研究

三辛基氧化磷(TOPO)可以与一些环保分子结合,形成疏水深共晶溶剂,用于从废SmCo磁体中提取稀土元素钐(Sm)。由于共晶溶剂的形成,水溶液中TOPO的损失明显减少。本文通过开展试验,研究了不同振动时间、盐酸浓度、氯化钠浓度和溴化钠浓度下的Sm³⁺萃取行为。结果发现,在所有制备的共晶溶剂中,Sm³⁺浓度为5.6 mol/L时,TOPO/十二醇具有最佳的Sm³⁺提取率(98.9%)。在多金属选择性萃取试验中,共晶溶剂对Sm³⁺表现出良好的选择性。加入3 mL氢氧化钠溶液(浓度0.5 mol/L)后,萃取的Sm³⁺易于完全反萃,经过4个周期的提取试验,回收的提取剂提取能力保持不变。此外,通过使用响应面法(RSM)优化,盐酸浓度控制在1.27 mol/L,氯化钠浓度控制在2.65 mol/L,在最佳试验条件下,Sm³⁺提取率进一步提高。     

二次双溶剂冷冻结晶法分离纯化橡胶籽油中α-亚麻酸的研究

以橡胶籽油为原材料,皂化得混合脂肪酸,经冷冻结晶得脂肪酸Ⅰ,最佳条件是通过低温结晶法从纯双橡胶溶剂中分离α-亚麻酸的响应面方法建立的。基于单因素实验,乙腈和丙酮/脂肪酸Ⅰ(v/m),乙腈/丙酮(v/v),冷冻时间三因素,运用中心组合实验设计,考察了三因素之间相互作用。借助响应面法分析实验数据,结果表明:以乙腈和丙酮为混合溶剂,乙腈与丙酮/脂肪酸Ⅰ(v/m)为18:1,乙腈/丙酮(v/v)为1.5:1,冷冻时间为9h,固液分离方式为-18℃、7000r/min冷冻离心3min,橡胶籽油中α-亚麻酸含量最高达45.41%。与传统方法相比,此法提纯效率高,脂肪酸不易氧化,为α-亚麻酸的纯化提供了一种新的方法。     

芦柑皮中柠檬苦素提取工艺优化

以永春芦柑的果皮为原料,研究了超声波辅助溶剂法提取芦柑皮中的柠檬苦素。结果表明,超声波辅助溶剂法提取芦柑皮中柠檬苦素的最优工艺条件为:70%乙醇溶液、料液比1∶30(g∶ml),40℃恒温水浴20min,所得芦柑皮柠檬苦素提取率为11.29mg/g。     

镍钼矿中钼的浸取及原子吸收测定

本实验的主要内容是找到最佳的工作条件,并利用火焰原子吸收测定钼的含量。结果表明:用碱熔法提取镍钼矿中钼的最优实验条件为:焙烧温度为700℃。在此条件下,样品的熔解的比较好,浸取的效果比较好。     

红枣色素提取工艺实验研究

实验选用溶剂提取法从红枣中提取其色素成分,主要研究了从红枣中提取色素的工艺条件.结果表明:红枣色素在300 nm处有最大吸收波长.红枣色素提取的最佳工艺条件为:将红枣在90℃烘干5h得到的枣粉,用1.5％的NaOH,80℃提取80 min时溶液吸光度值最高.影响浸提效果的因素主次顺序为温度＞时间＞溶剂浓度.     

酸性加压浸出液中镍、钴的萃取分离

研究了从酸性加压浸出液中采用溶剂萃取法提取镍钴工艺,考察了溶液p H值、相比、混合时间等对镍钴及其他金属离子萃取的影响。试验结果表明:在有机相组成为15%P204+75%磺化煤油+10%TBP,水相p H值为1.62.5,皂化率为65%,相比C(O/A)=21,恒温振荡箱中振荡10 min条件下,镍、钴的萃取率可达到98%以上;负载有机相采用2.04.0 mol/L稀硫酸反萃,相比C(O/A)=21,一次反萃率为96%以上。试验结果表明,采用P204溶剂萃取法可有效净化酸浸液回收镍钴。     

废蚕蛹的新利用

<正> 蚕蛹是一种高蛋白物质,它除可以作为食用外,还可从中提取蛹油、复合氨基酸,及作为饲料用等,蚕蛹属软体动物,它含有丰富的甲壳质。据测定,蛹皮中含有大约25%～30%的甲壳质。因此,有必要开发从蛹皮中制取甲壳质的技术。     

银的二次资源及再生方法

1　再生资源当前单靠采矿已不能满足社会对银的要求 ,同时要靠二次资源的再生及拿出库存供应市场。市场上行销的旧银器和类似物器的含银量为 90 %～ 95%。制造底片和相纸产品的照相料浆其含银量为 5%～ 30 %。银以卤化物的形式存在 ,其余部分主要为明胶和水。照相工业使用的银中 ,大约有 50 %残留在定影液中。存档的ｘ—射线底片和电影胶卷 ,其存储期超过限定的周期后 ,则成为再生银的来源。显影的ｘ—射线底片 ,含银量为 1%～ 2 % ;显影的黑白底片银含量只有 0 .2 % ,而显影的彩色底片 ,银的含量可忽略不计。从胶片厂ｘ—射线底片和照相底…     

高纯度大豆卵磷脂的提取研究

介绍了从大豆油脚中提取高纯度大豆卵磷脂工艺。实验结果表明,适宜提取工艺条件为：丙酮去油温度为45℃,时间为60 min,以氯化锌为金属沉淀剂,以氧化铝为吸附剂,乙醇浓度为85%,提取温度为常温,提取时间为30 min。最终,得到卵磷脂含量为87%,色泽为淡黄色,水分为1.72%。     

Penetration and Post-infection Development of Meloidogyne Incognita on Tobacco as Treated by Rhizobacteria Pseudomonas Fluorescens Strain P-72-10

The bio-control potential of rhizospere bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens against plant-parasite nematode had been demonstrated. P. fluorescens had shown the effect to enhance tobacco resistance to root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Inoculation with P. fluoreseens in tobacco could lead to significant reductions in the number of juveniles that penetrated tobacco root and further life stage development of the juveniles. The number of juveniles penetrated into tobac- co root in treatment with P. fluorescens is significantly different from CK at 2DAI, 6DAI, 8DAI and 10DAI. Significant reduction and delayed development of juveniles that penetrated into tobacco root and treated were observed in treatment at 14DAI, 21DAI, 28DAI and 35DAI. In addition, P. fluoreseens treatment leads to a significant reduction in the number of eggs per egg-mass at 35 DAI. The results show P. fluorescens induced a continuously suppression on root-knot nema- tode M. incognita throughout their entire early infection phase of root penetration, subsequent life stage development and reproduction.     

利用膜技术回收利用碱性废水研究进展

回顾了利用膜分离技术处理碱性废水的工艺与综合利用技术所取得的丰硕成果，总结了各种治理方法的特点、适用性及发展方向。     

Taxing Times in Indonesia: The Challenge of Restoring Competitiveness and the Search for Fiscal Space

Indonesia’s economic growth picked up slightly in mid-2016 but remains below the level demanded by government and popular aspirations. Despite a plethora of reforms intended to increase efficiency and productivity, some policies are perverse and longstanding problems of implementation remain. The share of manufacturing has declined, the real exchange rate has appreciated, exports have dwindled, and growth has been trending downwards. The banking sector is stable but inefficient, with wide net interest margins and numerous barriers to competition. Trade protection, particularly in basic food commodities, has created high costs that weigh particularly heavily on the poor. Declining government revenues have placed increasing pressure on the public budget, even as the current administration aims to increase spending on infrastructure and welfare and to enhance productivity. In an effort to increase revenues, the government has announced a tax amnesty program and other measures. In addition, Sri Mulyani Indrawati, the new finance minister, has taken steps to cut non-essential expenditure in order to secure high spending on infrastructure and at the same time keep within the 3% budget deficit limit stipulated by law. Although the overall debt situation is not yet alarming, declining revenues and budget cuts that do not fully reflect this decline are putting pressure on increasing debt levels. The government’s high-profile tax amnesty program was the major policy initiative implemented in the second half of 2016 that aimed to relieve this pressure. Despite widespread criticism of, and scepticism about, the tax amnesty (both within and outside Indonesia), its first phase had a much higher participation rate than most independent accounts expected. Revenues raised so far through the amnesty are less than 60% of the official target, but this is actually a strong result for the short term. The bigger question, however, is whether the amnesty is a key element of a more encompassing strategy to overhaul the system of taxation and tax administration.     

The causes of Japan's ‘lost decade’: The role of household consumption

In this paper, I analyze the causes of the prolonged slowdown of the Japanese economy in the 1990s and find that the stagnation of investment, especially private fixed investment, was the primary culprit. I then investigate the causes of the stagnation of household consumption during the 1990s and find that the stagnation of household disposable income, the decline in household wealth, and increased uncertainty about the future are among the contributing factors. Finally, I consider whether demand side factors or supply side factors were more important as causes of the prolonged slowdown of the Japanese economy in the 1990s and conclude that the former (especially misguided government policies) were probably more important.     

我国发展天文旅游的条件、前景探析及策略思考

天文旅游资源从成因可以分为行星地球天文旅游资源、天体天文旅游资源和天文文化旅游资源三类。天文旅游方兴未艾,我国天文旅游具有很大发展前景。文章对我国开展天文旅游的条件进行了分析,对发展天文旅游的策略和措施进行了梳理。     

城市社会的开放与农民的城市化

城市社会在对农民的开放与封闭之中徘徊。改革开放后城市社会对农民的开放已经使很多农民城市化。城市社会对农民的封闭已由政策性封闭转向经济性封闭。城市社会对农民的封闭增加了农民城市化的成本和社会风险。必须加强城市社会对农民的开放,逐步消除对农民的封闭政策,以推进农民的城市化。     

信息化时代商学院图书馆的建设与发展——中、美四大名校商学院图书馆建设的比较与启示

信息化时代中美商学院图书馆的建设与发展,成为当今时代高等商学教育发展与进步的一个重要环节,对中美四大商学院图书馆的发展状况、差距进行分析比较,对促进我国商学院图书馆事业的改革、建设和发展具有一定的启示作用和参考价值。