中国银行业注资辨析

当前这场国际金融危机下,各国纷纷实施注资行为救助问题银行.而我国政府曾多次向国有银行等金融机构实施过各种形式的注资,中国银行业的注资问题也一直受到了学术界与实务部门的普遍关注.本文旨在从中西方对比的视角,探讨中国银行业注资的背景、方式、期限选择的特殊性所在.     

中国银行业注资辨析

当前这场国际金融危机下,各国纷纷实施注资行为救助问题银行。而我国政府曾多次向国有银行等金融机构实施过各种形式的注资,中国银行业的注资问题也一直受到了学术界与实务部门的普遍关注。本文旨在从中西方对比的视角,探讨中国银行业注资的背景、方式、期限选择的特殊性所在。     

论我国网上银行的发展趋势及监管挑战

网上银行在全球范围内的迅猛发展,成为了商业银行重要的业务增长点.国际金融危机后,全球都在讨论强化银行业风险监管的背景下,本文在总结当前我国网上银行发展情况的基础上,着重分析其发展趋势和对银行业监管提出的新挑战,同时针对挑战提出若干监管策略构想.     

在全球资本市场打造中国上市银行价值品牌

商业银行投资者关系管理是上市银行与资本市场沟通的桥梁。在全球金融格局正发生着深刻变革与重构的时期,中国上市银行投资者关系管理部门在某种程度上肩负着通过向全球资本市场介绍自身运营,提升全球投资者对中国金融和银行体系市场化运营理解的使命。上市银行投资者关系管理部门应在推进与境内外投资者全方位沟通的基础上,维护和拓宽上市银行融资渠道;在充分阐述财务业绩的同时,向全球投资者提供多方位信息;提高管理层及相关业务部门对投资者关系工作的参与;加强对资本市场的监测,有效管理投资者预期,妥善处理特殊和突发事件等。     

影子银行：体系、内生性风险及国际监管取向

摘要：全球金融危机后,国际社会从一个新的视角——影子银行体系来分析现代金融体系,并重构现代国际金融监管制度。影子银行体系的有效监管必须具有翔实的微观基础,比如体系边界、风险特征及表现形式等。国际上对影子银行体系并无公认的定义。影子银行具有证券化程度高、信息不透明、杠杆率较高等特征,这直接引致其存在诸多内生性金融风险,国际社会倾向于采用“类银行化”的监管路径对影子银行进行金融监管。国际社会采取的一系列法律、政策措施对我国影子银行监管具有一定的启示。     

Islamic and conventional banks' soundness during the 2007–2008 financial crisis

The recent global financial crisis has induced a series of failure of many conventional banks and led to an increased interest in the Islamic banking business model. This paper attempts to answer empirically the following question: What was the effect of the 2007–2008 financial crisis on the soundness of Islamic banks and their conventional peers? Using the Z-score as an indicator of bank stability, our regression analysis (covering a matched sample of 34 Islamic Banks (IBs) and 34 conventional banks (CBs) from 16 countries) shows that there is no significant difference in terms of the effect of the financial crisis on the soundness of IBs and CBs. This finding reveals that IBs are diverging from their theoretical business model which would have allowed them to keep the same level of soundness even during the crisis.     

Ownership concentration and bank risk: international study on acquisitions

This paper explores the effects of different types of bank ownership concentration on changes in bank risk during acquisition years. Using multi-country data from 2000 to 2006, during which market failures caused by various crises and government interventions are less influential to acquisition decisions, we collect 505 banking acquisition deals from 23 countries to examine which type of ownership concentration (such as financial intermediary, capital investor, non-financial, and state ownership) brings larger changes to an acquirer’s risk from pre-acquisition year to post-acquisition year (including non-performing loans, capital adequacy ratio, loan loss reserve, and credit rating). The empirical analyses show that acquirer banks with a concentration of shares owned by financial intermediaries and non-financial firms experience larger risk changes during acquisition years. In contrast, the risk changes of acquirer banks with a concentration of capital investors and state ownership are lower. Robustness checks from the random effect estimation, instrumental variables model, reverse causality, and different subsamples of (non-)U.S. or different levels of regulation enforcement confirm these results.     

美国的影子银行系统

影子银行是指游离于传统商业银行体系之外的、从事与传统银行相类似的金融活动但却不受监管或几乎不受监管的金融实体。次贷危机爆发前,美国的影子银行体系发展达到巅峰状态。在本次金融危机中,影子银行系统备受诟病,被认为是此次危机的罪魁祸首。文章对美国影子银行系统的构成、业务流程及投融资活动等进行了梳理,以期为理解次贷危机前美国金融体系的运行特征提供启示。     

Assessing systemic risk using interbank exposures in the global banking system

This paper contributes to the literature on systemic risk by examining the network structure of bilateral exposures in the global banking system. The global interbank market constitutes a major part of the global banking system. The market has a hierarchical network structure, composed of the national or jurisdictional area's local markets and the cross-border interbank market. First, we estimate the bilateral exposures matrix using aggregate financial data on loans and deposits from Bankscope and analyze the interconnectedness in the market using network centrality measures. Subsequently, for the model analysis, we apply the Eisenberg–Noe framework to a multi-period setting. In this framework, bank defaults are classified into stand-alone defaults and contagious defaults. The banks in our sample (i.e., the top 202 banks with more than $50 billion in total assets) comprise a major part of this global banking system. The main findings are as follows: The theoretical network analysis using network centrality measures showed that most of the banks designated as global systemically important banks (G-SIBs) play a central role in the global interbank market. The theoretical default analysis showed a few contagious defaults triggered by the basic defaults during and after the global financial crisis. Our stress test proved that many G-SIBs theoretically caused 1–6 contagious defaults. Our methodology would assist in the development of a monitoring system by the respective supervisory authorities as well as in the implementation of bank-internal stress tests of default contagion.     

“十二五”时期的中国银行业改革与发展

受本轮全球经济金融危机影响,"十二五"时期世界经济金融发展格局将发生重大变革,全球银行业也将发生结构调整。本文分析了"十二五"时期中国银行业面临的经济金融环境,并对这一时期中国银行业改革发展的基本定位及具体路径进行了探讨。     

丹麦银行业稳定方案经验借鉴

丹麦银行业是一个资产业务以贷款为主、高度集中且竞争激烈的行业,由于大量中小型银行由农村信用社转制而来,2008年爆发的国际金融危机对其融资问题造成一定的冲击,为稳定国内金融市场,丹麦政府出台了银行业稳定方案。实践表明,该方案的实施在不使用政府资金的前提下,有效解决了银行业的融资问题,保障了金融体系的稳定运行,同时给丹麦政府带来了不菲收益。文章介绍了丹麦银行业稳定方案的主要政策措施,并总结其成功经验。     

欧洲主权债务危机演进及对中资银行的启示

受全球金融危机的持续影响和欧元区制度问题的激化,欧洲主权债务危机呈愈演愈烈之势,逐步从边缘国家扩散至核心国家,并从主权债务危机向银行业危机演化。目前,欧元区重债国采取的财务整顿政策难以在短期发挥缩减赤字的作用,反而加大复苏风险;对重债国援助资金总量有限,其发放门槛徒增短期违约风险;欧洲央行购买国债虽有利于缓解危机恶化,但量化宽松的政策与其控制通胀的设立宗旨存在矛盾。在此背景下,中资银行应调整涉欧资产配置,进一步加强国别风险研究和管理,积极稳健地推进国际化经营,打造资产、业务和经营地域多元化的国际化银行。     

Banking Market Size Structure and Financial Stability: Evidence from Eight Asian Countries

Using commercial bank data from eight major Asian countries, we examine the relationship between the banking market size structure and the stability of financial institutions. We also analyze the effect of bank upsizing on the financial stability. Our results show that a rise in large banks’ market power, accompanying an increase in their market shares, lowers the capital adequacy of small banks. Small banks’ nonperforming loans and the possibility of their bankruptcy also increase as large banks’ market shares rise. We further show that larger banks tend to have lower capital adequacy ratios, liquidity ratios, and distance-to-default ratios. Our study suggests that large banks’ greater market shares are associated with small banks’ financial instability. Overall, these findings are consistent with the notion of the recent banking literature that has important antitrust policy implications.     

Dependence patterns among Asian banking sector stocks: A copula approach

Asian banks have recorded 22 banking crisis between 1945 and 2008 and its total share of years in a banking crisis since 1945 is 12.4%, the highest compared to all regions. Interestingly, most of the financial institutions in the region remained largely unscathed during the recent global financial crisis, mainly due to their strong liquidity and capital buffers. Yet, given the episodes of past crisis, the rapid increase in regional corporations and cross-border flows in the region, as well as the paramount importance of the banking sector in the Asian region, it is interesting to study how the banking sectors in the various economies co-move with each other. Against this backdrop, we examine the dependence structure between banking sectors in the region using copula functions. Several findings are documented. First, average dependence generally remain at moderate levels, though dependence between the banking sectors of the developed Asian markets are relatively higher than the emerging markets. Second, we find evidence of asymmetric dependence, suggesting that banking sector returns co-movement varies in bearish and bullish markets. Third, our results show a mild increase in the bivariate dynamic correlations during crisis periods, indicating very limited risk of contagion. Our results provide significant implications for portfolio managers and policymakers.     

风险分担机制变迁、银行经营模式转型与银行安全

经济全球化过程中,金融市场横向风险分担机制侵蚀了银行中介跨期风险分担机制;一部分资金从银行中介转移到金融市场,致使商业银行传统盈利模式遭受冲击。银行必须从传统的存贷款经营模式转变为参与金融市场和衍生工具交易的、提供综合金融服务的现代经营模式。在这一转型过程中,如果转型过快或者银行不能适应变化,银行体系则可能积累大量风险,并导致银行危机。实证检验结果显示,风险分担机制变迁显著增加了银行危机的概率。     

1980—1994年间美国银行危机及其启示

1980-1994年间，美国经历了一次大的银行危机，大批银行在危机中倒闭。总体来看，宏观经济、区域经济和行业经济衰退，监管机构放松监管，银行业自身经营管理的不规范是引发这次银行危机的主因。虽然危机已经过去，但这次银行危机中暴露的问题对我国银行业的发展仍具有启示意义。     

国际影子银行体系的风险监管改革与启示

影子银行体系的超常规发展和信用扩张,是全球金融危机爆发的重要原因之一。本文从影子银行体系的内涵、运作机制展开研究,分析危机后西方主要国家有关的金融监管改革举措,并结合中国影子银行体系的现状提出有关建议。     

The political economy of relationship banking

In the aftermath of the global financial crisis, banks need to reevaluate their position in light of profound changes in the economic, social, and political landscape. On the one hand, we emphasize the benefits of relationship banking, which establishes close contact with bank customers. Through a long-term orientation, relationship banking aligns incentives and supports the long-term needs of bank customers, leading to reduced inequality and greater firm innovation. On the other hand, the interaction between politics and relationship banking can have dark sides. First, with new borders arising and competition in banking affected, relationship banking might be particularly prone to political interference. Second, a shock to the relationship bank can be transmitted to its borrowers. We analyze how relationship banking can overcome its drawbacks.     

中国银行业税负比较、绩效影响与对策选择

本文通过历史比较与国际比较,指出中国银行业虽然综合税负不断下降,但仍较国外偏重,进而运用面板数据模型论证了相对过重的税收负担对中国银行业经营绩效产生负效应,最后,提出降低我国银行业税负的若干政策建议,以应对经济全球化和国际金融危机的双重挑战,提高中国银行业在开放金融体系中的竞争力。     

商业银行与中小企业共赢之道——供应链融资

供应链融资是近年来全球商业银行界最关注的一项金融业务。我国的商业银行通过向供应链的各个环节提供融资支持,促进了中小企业发展和贸易复苏,为我国经济摆脱金融危机负面影响起到了积极的促进作用,商业银行的客户基础和利润来源也得以扩展。