Impacts of business environment changes on global manufacturing in the Chinese Greater Pearl River Delta: a supply chain perspective

Business operating conditions have changed substantially in the Chinese Greater Pearl River Delta (GPRD) due to the Chinese currency appreciation, rising labour costs, highly volatile oil prices and new processing trade policies. Such changes have triggered manufacturers to rethink their global operations. This article studies potential global manufacturing trends from a supply chain perspective. A mixed integer programming model suggests that these changes have negatively affected the region's competitive advantages as its labour-intensive production mainly targets at the mass market and competes on low costs. Three production relocation trends are affirmed, i.e. the relocation to lower-cost areas within China, lower-cost Asian countries and areas near end markets. However, it is also discovered that the GPRD region still attracts businesses with its formation of industrial clusters, the enhanced comparative advantage against competing regions in inland China or Asian lower-cost countries under high oil prices, and Hong Kong's being a robust location choice to host trade operations.     

珠三角加工贸易企业升级转型研究

从动力、能力、市场、政策和企业家精神五大基本条件来看,大多数的珠三角加工贸易企业并不具备升级转型的条件,因而不能对所有企业一刀切的都要求升级转型,应该针对不同企业采取区别对待的政策措施,以局部升级转型促进整体升级转型。淘汰关闭、产业转移、升级转型,是企业整体升级转型的三大基本路径;价值链攀升、整合集群、腾笼换鸟、资源替代和改制内销则是推进升级转型的五种具体模式。     

Financial development,industrialization, the role of institutions and government: a comparative analysis between India and China

This research is the first comparative attempt incorporating the role of economic, demographic, sectoral contribution, government and trade in explaining financial development for India and China. Using time-series estimations, we establish that institutional quality and government size impede financial development, whereas urbanization, industrialization and service sector growth help in financial development for both countries. Trade openness also enhances Indian financial development but hinders Chinese financial development. We suggest that the policy advisers should not underestimate the role of urbanization, industrialization and service sector growth in implementing financial development. Finally, we find that the institutions and governments will play a key role for both economies in enhancing finance and growth.     

珠三角地区产业结构变迁与优化研究

改革开放以来,珠三角地区凭借独特的区位优势和政策机遇,积极承接世界产业转移,经济迅速崛起,＂广东粮、珠江水、岭南衣、粤家电＂一度闻名遐迩。经过三十多年的发展,珠三角地区的综合经济实力和工业化水平已位居全国前列,然而,在经济全球化和区域经济一体化进程加快的背景下,面对日益剧烈的国际贸易摩擦和资源、环境的双重约束,珠三角地区产业结构升级、发展模式转型问题亦倍受关注。本文聚焦于当前珠三角产业转移和升级的现实压力,运用产业经济学研究方法,总结了珠三角地区产业结构变迁的历程,试图提出未来产业结构调整和优化的相关建议。     

基于循环经济理念的珠江三角洲环境保护规划战略探讨

环境保护规划的可持续发展需要有先进理念的指导,应用循环经济理论框架来指导环境保护规划对区域可持续发展具有重要意义。本文通过分析循环经济的内涵、原则及其层次性,并结合我国珠江三角洲地区环境保护规划目标和对策进行了深入研究和探讨。分析得出,应用循环经济理念框架来指导环境保护规划是一种适宜的选择,与传统环境保护规划相比,基于循环经济理论框架指导下的区域环境保护规划更强调污染废气物排放减量化、企业生产清洁化、工业生态化以及区域固体废物的循环再利用。     

珠江三角洲城市节水减污措施的经济分析

快速城市化的珠江三角洲地区面临着较为严重的水环境问题,节水减污是珠江三角洲地区实现水资源可持续利用的有效途径。本文着眼于评价节水减污战略措施的实施环境,以珠江三角洲城市污水集中处理的现状经济指标为分析背景,运用比率经济指标,对工业废水回用和建筑中水利用这两类具有显著环境效益的节水减污措施进行了经济合理性的对比分析。分析结果表明:工业废水回用和建筑中水利用这两项节水减污措施在珠江三角洲地区具有实施的经济可行性。     

珠三角产业集群发展中技术创新与扩散

特色产业集群蕴含着一个经济区域的核心竞争力.珠三角各主要城市的核心竞争力,来自于根植性极强的专业镇和产业集群.不断地进行技术创新是提升区域核心竞争力的有效途径,但技术的公地悲剧难题使产业集群的创新动力弱化.为此,有必要加强政府主导下的技术创新与扩散.     

On the measurement and analysis of aggregate economic activity for China: the coincident economic indicators approach

This paper reviews some of China's high-frequency economic indicators and our principal findings on their selection and use. Our aim is to develop a composite index of coincident economic indicators (coincident economic index, CEI) which can be used to obtain timely information on the present state of the China's economy and provide an appropriate measure to analyze China's short-term macroeconomic dynamics. Notably, combining industrial production, retail sales, manufacturing employment, income of financial institutions and passenger traffic volume, they work well as the method for dating business cycles for China. It shows that, over the past two decades, there was one marked recession which occurred in 1988:8 to 1989:12. In addition to this business cycle chronology we also develop a growth cycle chronology based on the deviations from trend of the CE which shows that there have been four cyclical slowdowns since 1986. Whereas GDP growth lacks cyclical movements and appears to be dominated by trend and irregular movements, in contrast to GDP, the CEI works well as a measure of cyclical dynamics and can contribute to the analysis of short-term fluctuations of Chinese economic activity relative to its long-term growth.     

高职院校学生职业素养现状和提升思路

职业素养的培养是高等职业院校教育教学工作的重点,我国职业教育发展历史不长,接受高等职业教育的群体共性和个性的认识还有待进一步深入。为了对职业素养的提升和完善完整系统的研究,对我国高职院校学生职业素养的培养现状进行了分析,并具体提出了提升职业素养的思路和方法。     

Power-by-the-hour: the role of technology in reshaping business strategy at Rolls-Royce

There is a recognised trend of manufacturing companies offering not only products, but also services and even complete solutions to business problems. Research has highlighted economic, market demand and competitiveness factors as responsible for the reshaping of business strategies that this has involved. This study analyses the extent to which another factor, technology, has been a significant factor in the switch from product oriented to service-oriented strategies. A case study of the aero engine manufacturer Rolls-Royce is used to analyse the impact of technology, which is found to have led manufacturers to reshape their business strategies. The study finds that developments in one technology in particular, namely digital electronics, have been a powerful enabling factor facilitating the implementation of service strategies. This provided original equipment manufacturers like Rolls-Royce with a competitive advantage relative to conventional service providers, by enabling them to acquire new knowledge management capabilities.     

基于偏离-份额模型的珠三角城市产业结构变动研究

产业结构是影响区域经济发展的重要因素。以广东省平均发展水平为参照系,结合各市工业化发展水平,运用偏离-份额分析法对2004-2008年珠江三角洲的九个城市的产业结构份额、竞争力份额及其贡献率进行了分析。研究结果表明：在产业结构份额和竞争力份额方面,佛山、东莞、中山三市优势明显,广州、深圳两市竞争力份额为负,且负向影响较大;就三次产业结构而言,珠三角第一产业发展缓慢,以第二产业为主,但其竞争力处于劣势,第三产业发展迅速,但所占比重仍然偏低;除珠海、江门、肇庆三市外,其余各市第三产业竞争力份额较高,以广州、深圳、东莞为主,起到较大带动作用。根据计算分析结果,提出了珠三角各地区产业结构优化调整的发展方向。     

健全中国个人信用机制方法的探讨

中国个人信用制度的建设起步较晚,还没有形成相对完善的体系,仍有许多问题尚待解决。借鉴国家成功经验,结合中国个人信用的现实情况,构筑符合中国特色的个人信用机制,须尽快建立和完善个人信用管理的法律制度,培育信用管理人才,宣传信用文化,培育专业的信用评估机构,积极探寻完善中国国情的个人信用机制体系。     

城市圈驱动区域经济增长的内在机制分析——以京津冀、长三角和珠三角城市圈为例

本文利用2003-2007年京津冀、长三角和珠三角城市圈所属省份的县市数据,使用断点回归法研究了城市圈的形成对城市圈整体经济绩效的影响以及城市圈驱动区域经济增长的机制和路径。由于城市圈基本围绕中心城市而建立,与中心城市的距离远近是决定一个地区是否属于城市圈范围的关键因素,因此可以通过比较城市圈临界线附近县市样本,进而判断城市圈形成与其他变量之间的因果关系。本文的实证结果表明,城市圈的形成主要通过蒂伯特选择机制和城市化进程的加快两个路径改善了城市圈区域的整体经济绩效;并且城市圈的形成对区域经济的影响具有异质性,北京未能发挥增长极的作用带动京津冀城市圈区域的经济增长,而长三角城市圈和珠三角城市圈地区则都受益于中心城市的辐射效应。     

辽河流域社会经济活动的环境污染压力研究——以氮污染为研究对象

水体中氮含量过高会造成水体富营养化,使水质恶化,破坏水体生态平衡。氮污染已引起人们的普遍关注,国家已将氨氮和氮氧化物列为"十二五"期间环境治理的重要污染指标。辽河流域大部分河段氨氮仍超过V类水质标准,支流水体污染依然十分严重。文章以辽河流域氮污染为研究对象,从农田化肥流失、畜禽养殖、工业生产、居民生活和城市径流五个方面估算了流域氮排放情况。结果表明:辽河流域2010年总氮排放量约13.6万吨,氨氮排放量约6.78万吨,居民生活和畜禽养殖排放合计分别占总氮和氨氮排放量的87%和90%,是流域氮污染的主要贡献方面;工业生产虽产生大量含氮废水,但工业废水和污染物的排放率较低,对环境污染的贡献有限,并不是流域氮污染的主要贡献者;短期内流域氮排放的削减幅度有限,未来一段时期内辽河流域氮污染的压力依然突出;对污染排放环节的技术改造和方式创新是削减流域氮污染高效可行的措施。     

港珠澳大桥建设、运输成本降低与大珠三角产业转移研究——一个新经济地理学分析框架

从古典到新古典区位理论再到新经济地理理论,运输成本成为产业转移区位选择研究的决定性变量。现代交通运输的发展有效降低了运输成本,运输成本又通过改变产业集聚的向心力和离心力进一步影响产业转移的区位选择。通过构建新经济地理学分析框架,深入分析基于运输成本变量的大珠三角产业转移机理,指出港珠澳大桥必将成为发达地区和国家产业转移的重要通道。     

On the importance of institutions and forms of organisation in Piero Sraffa's economics: the case of business cycles,money, and economic policy

Abstract

This paper is based on an investigation of the Sraffa Archives and tries to characterise Piero Sraffa's approach to business cycles and economic policy. It includes two parts. The first part of the paper shows the importance of economic institutions and social conventions in Sraffa's contribution to economics and their relation with social conflicts. The second part of the paper shows how this importance permits to understand better business cycles and economic policy but also indirectly contributes to a re-interpretation of Sraffa's contribution to economics.     

中国银行保险模式创新与转型的战略选择

构建银行和保险的战略组合,充分发挥二者的有机配置的整体效应,实现二者的"双赢",是实施银保合作的目标。根据中国的国情,在银行保险的四种经营模式中,合资企业和金融集团是较为高级的、涉及资本融合的两种模式,也是银行保险较为发达的国家通常采用的模式。     

Labor market dynamics in urban China and the role of the state sector

This paper studies the effect of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) on the dynamics of the Chinese urban labor market. Using longitudinally matched monthly panel data, we document very low labor force dynamics in the state sector, which leads to a high long-term unemployment rate. We develop and estimate an equilibrium search and matching model with three differences between the state and non-state sectors: labor productivity, labor adjustment cost, and workers’ bargaining power. Counterfactual analysis shows that, among the three channels, reducing the bargaining power of state sector workers is most effective in reducing unemployment duration and unemployment rate.     

珠三角基塘景观格局演变特征及驱动 因素研究——以佛山顺德区为例

基塘系统作为一种水陆相互作用的人工复合农业生 态系统,是珠三角地区乡土景观的重要组成部分。近年来,随 着城镇化的快速发展,基塘系统的景观格局发生巨大改变,其 农业生产功能和生态功能逐渐退化。以佛山顺德区为例,基于 1979—2020年的Landsat遥感影像进行ENVI解译,在此基 础上利用9个景观指数研究区域基塘景观格局的演变规律,并 对其驱动因素进行分析。结果表明,1979—2020年,顺德 区基塘、耕地和林地向建设用地转化明显,整体景观呈现非均 衡化趋势分布;基塘景观的破碎度不断增加,优势度和团聚程 度下降,部分基塘逐渐萎缩。驱动因素分析结果表明,人文因 素是影响顺德区景观格局变化的主要因素,具有负向效应的空 间推动作用。     

我国西部生态环境建设绩效评价体系研究

“局部改善,整体恶化”是我国西部地区生态环境状况的真实概括。为了治理西部地区的生态环境,党中央于1999年6月确定了西部大开发战略,将能源开发同生态环境治理并举。6年来,中央财政性建设资金投向西部地区4600亿元,转移支付和专项补助5000多亿元。国家计划在10年间退耕还林2．2亿亩,投资3600亿元。由于生态环境建设的绩效是一个漫长的量变累积过程,通过确定我国西部地区生态环境状况四大特征,建立“常态、一般、差”三级评价指标体系,对西部地区生态环境建设的绩效做出客观评价,有利于坚定人们对西部地区生态环境建设的信心。