Explaining the profitability of foreign banks in Shanghai

This paper uses survival analysis to examine the factors determining the time taken for branches of foreign banks in Shanghai, China to make a positive rate of return after entering that market. Particular attributes of banks including the parent bank's size, early entry and the number of branches the bank has in China are found to reduce time to profitability. Market conditions in Shanghai, captured by levels of foreign direct investment and Eurodollar interest rates, are also found to have significant effects. A number of managerial implications are drawn from the analysis in light of the greater access to the Chinese banking markets following China's accession to the WTO. To ensure long‐term profitability in Shanghai, the foreign bank needs to contain costs and risks in the new markets, formulate an effective market penetration strategy, identify appropriate customer target groups, attract businesses from firms of different countries, seek early entry and undertake more fee‐income generating businesses. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

我国网络银行发展中的问题及对策研究

随着市场经济的逐步完善和电子商务的迅猛发展,网上交易大量增加。作为网络交易的支付平台,网络银行业务也与日俱增,其低廉的成本和广阔的前景,已逐渐受到人们的关注。但由于我国网上银行业务发展较晚,在网络基础设施建设、网络安全、网络银行的监管及法律法规等方面还存在很多问题,本文针对在网络银行发展中存在的这些问题进行了系统的分析,旨在探讨促进我国网络银行发展的一些对策措施。     

Consider the non-adopter: Developing a prediction model for the adoption of household-level broadband access

We explore the decision process for the household-level adoption of broadband Internet access. Our aim, of determining the barriers to household-level broadband adoption and how to best overcome those barriers, guides our analysis in an effort to better inform broadband policy development and implementation. We introduce and rely on data collected from 3101 New Jersey households under the National Telecommunications and Information Administration's nationwide Broadband Technology Opportunity Program. Following MATH, the Model of Technology Adoption in Households, extended with a moderating control variable, we model the conditions under which a household is more or less likely to adopt household-level broadband Internet access. We specify an original two-step model that first estimates from demographic determinants a linear latent variable of the responding household's propensity to not adopt high-speed broadband Internet access, and then regresses that propensity variable on behavioral and attitudinal measures about broadband and computer use and familiarity. Analyzing those outcomes generates three empirical findings that help inform the efficient implementation of policies to establish universal broadband access: (1) demographically, household-level broadband adoption in New Jersey is colorblind: race and ethnicity, in and of themselves, do not predict household-level broadband adoption; (2) behaviorally, the strongest facilitator for household-level broadband adoption is computer use by the household decision-maker; and (3) structurally, the strongest barrier to such adoption is lack of resources. Decomposing and better understanding the phenomenon of non-adoption will help to inform planning efforts to maximize household-level broadband adoption.     

A Cost System Approach to the Stochastic Directional Technology Distance Function with Undesirable Outputs: The Case of us Banks in 2001–2010

This paper offers a methodology to address the endogeneity of inputs in the directional technology distance function (DTDF)‐based formulation of banking technology which explicitly accommodates the presence of undesirable nonperforming loans—an inherent characteristic of the bank's production due to its exposure to credit risk. Specifically, we model nonperforming loans as an undesirable output in the bank's production process. Since the stochastic DTDF describing banking technology is likely to suffer from the endogeneity of inputs, we propose addressing this problem by considering a system consisting of the DTDF and the first‐order conditions from the bank's cost minimization problem. The first‐order conditions also allow us to identify the ‘cost‐optimal’ directional vector for the banking DTDF, thus eliminating the uncertainty associated with an ad hoc choice of the direction. We apply our cost system approach to the data on large US commercial banks for the 2001–2010 period, which we estimate via Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo methods subject to theoretical regularity conditions. We document dramatic distortions in banks' efficiency, productivity growth and scale elasticity estimates when the endogeneity of inputs is assumed away and/or the DTDF is fitted in an arbitrary direction. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Agency costs in the banking industry: An examination of ownership behavior,leverage and dividend policies

This paper examines agency theory arguments in the banking industry by analyzing the effect of four variables that proxy for agency costs—earnings volatility, managers' portfolio diversification losses, bank size, and standard deviation of bank equity returns—on the three financial policy variables of managerial stock ownership, leverage, and dividend yield. It is one of the first studies that examines the determination of financial policy variables, in light of agency concerns, in the banking industry. The study examines the largest 104 U.S. banks during the period 1985–1989. Evidence suggests that bank size and a measure of the managers' portfolio diversification opportunity set affect the bank's level of managerial stock ownership, leverage and dividends.     

Bank systemic risk and CEO overconfidence

This study examines the relationship between CEO overconfidence and banking systemic risk. We employ the CoVaR (Conditional Value-at-Risk) approach to measure a bank's contribution to systemic risk and compute its MES (Marginal Expected Shortfall) and SRISK (Systemic Risk index) to measure the exposure to banking systemic risk. We use a stock options based measure for CEO overconfidence and explore how managerial overconfidence could be associated with banking systemic risk. Using data for U.S. banks from 1995–2014, we find evidence that banks with overconfident CEOs have a higher contribution and exposure to systemic risk than banks with non-overconfident CEOs. We also show that the impact of CEO overconfidence contributed significantly more to systemic risk during the financial crisis of 2008–2009.     

农村专业大户电子商务技术采纳意愿影响因素研究

大力发展电子商务技术是更好解决“三农”问题,全面推进乡村振兴,促进农村产业兴旺,巩固脱贫攻坚成果的重要环节和抓手。本文以江西省240个农村专业大户为研究样本,运用结构方程模型对影响农村专业大户电子商务采纳行为的主要因素进行实证研究。结果表明:感知的有用性、感知的易用性、自我效能、网络外部性会对农村专业大户采纳电子商务技术产生影响,且均具有显著的正向作用。因此,必须从电子商务平台技术、农户自身认知和农村电子商务使用环境等方面加以引导,提供政策、资金、人才等方面的支持,以此来促进电子商务技术在农村地区的发展,推进乡村振兴战略的实施。     

Two decades of XBRL: a science mapping of research trends and future research agenda

eXtensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL) is a software standard of significant importance in the current shift in financial reporting. This new standard is representative of the dramatic developments in how financial information is presented and reported. Over the past 20 years (2000–2020), we have witnessed how information systems and technology advancement have continued to shape current practices in accounting, which has resulted in an increasing trend toward Internet reporting, and thus the XBRL adoption. This study investigates the current trends and various characteristics of worldwide research on XBRL using bibliometric analysis, subsequently presenting a plausible future research direction. The Scopus database was searched for articles indexed under the terms “XBRL*” or “Digital Financial Reporting*” or “Internet Financial Reporting*” or “Web financial reporting*”, which yielded a total of 661 documents from the years 2000–2020. We analysed a total of 621 documents as our final sample after excluding those not related to the interest of the study. Our analysis discovered six (6) main research clusters related to XBRL, which are financial reporting, development of XBRL, decision making, XBRL adoption, corporate governance and disclosure, and financial analytics. We also proposed a future research direction within XBRL-related research.

     

Web2.0对电子商务特性的影响——中南大学2010年米塔尔创新项目

Web2.0是互联网的一次理念和思想体系的升级换代,其人性化的信息获取方式、智能化的信息组织模式和先进的信息分析利用工具,对现代电子商务产生了极大的影响。     

The role of organizational culture,capabilities, and adoption of e-marketing on nonprofits' organizational performance

Nonprofit organizations are facing increasing challenges to survival and mission accomplishment in a market economy. Thus, many nonprofit organizations are actively exploring how to enhance organizational performance through Internet and communication technologies in the digital era. The relationship between e-marketing adoption and organizational performance of for-profit companies has been studied intensively. However, this relationship has not been examined in the nonprofit context. The objectives of this study are to investigate factors promoting the adoption of e-marketing and the latter's effect on the performance of nonprofits. This paper surveyed 54 nonprofits and used partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to test the research hypotheses grounded in resource dependence theory and e-marketing orientation. Results indicated that top management's attitudinal emphasis on e-marketing does not lead to e-marketing adoption. Differs from for-profit companies, nonprofits' e-marketing adoption is mainly related to planning and implementation capabilities. Moreover, although planning strongly influences e-marketing adoption, implementation capabilities play a crucial role in a performance-driven adoption. Hence, if e-marketing is adopted without sufficient manpower and skills, organizational performance will not be enhanced even with adequate e-marketing budget.     

Internet Adoption and Advertising Expenditures on Traditional Media: An Empirical Analysis Using a Panel of Countries

The Internet can affect advertising expenditures through various channels. This paper quantifies the relationships between Internet adoption and changes in advertising expenditures on traditional offline media types. I use a panel of 11 years of data at the country level that contains information on advertising expenditures by medium and Internet penetration for more than 80 countries. I find that increases in Internet penetration are negatively correlated with changes in advertising expenditures on newspapers, magazines, and television, but I do not find conclusive results for the correlation between Internet adoption and changes in advertising expenditures on radio.     

小微企业电子商务采纳的理论分析

电子商务是促进小微企业发展的重要途径,而电子商务的采纳受多种因素影响,当前对电子商务采纳的分析理论都有一定不足之处,其中对电子商务采纳的社会网络关系研究欠缺。社会网络关系中的强弱联结和结构洞有助于电子商务知识的流动和社会资本的流动,决策者以及其他相关者也被纳入到社会网络中。小微企业的电子商务采纳应考虑社会网络的影响,这样才有助于小微企业电子商务的采纳。     

制造企业电子商务技术采纳影响因素与采纳模型研究

本文通过对电子商务技术采纳,信息技术采纳的文献研究,同时对陕西省内制造企业调研后,以TAM模型和TTF模型为理论基础构建出了制造企业电子商务技术采纳的概念模型,提出了18个假设因子,由于是刚开始涉及到本研究课题,本文只提出了制造企业电子商务技术采纳概念模型,没有具体对模型进行论证,希望在后期进一步的研究。     

A Motivation-Experience-Performance Model to Understand Global Consumer Behavior on the Internet

Abstract

This study determines that the consumer motivations to the Internet uses are almost universal across cultures, and consumers' needs in Internet uses are a set of hierarchical needs beginning with the most importance: e-mail, information search, chatting, professional works, and e-commerce. The three basic elements in Internet consumer behavioral process are motivations, experience, and performance. Therefore, the ways to motivate consumers are the same for different cultures—to facilitate consumer experience through communication and community, and to increase consumer performance through web transaction experiences. By developing such a framework, this research suggests an aggregate process model of consumer behavior on the Internet and discusses its potential usages and limitations.     

A decision model for bank branch site selection: Define branch success and do not deviate

Site selection is one of the most important decision making processes for firms since, if done correctly, it provides access to the best customers and the greatest market potential. In contrast, poor location choices are costly and difficult to reverse.This paper deals with the single branch site selection problem in the banking context. Due to the high level of complexity (several factors have to be taken into consideration in the decision making process as well as a wide range of entities' internal requirements), to date there is no single procedure that fits all needs. This paper attempts to provide a solution to this problem by proposing a unified method based on minimizing the distance from the candidate-branch to the most successful branches, taking into account each banking institution’ notion of branch success. This methodology would work well at the lowest possible cost.     

The role of employee preferences and organizational culture in explaining e-commerce orientations

Culture has always been a cornerstone variable in the study of international business subjects. Several authors have dealt with the concept of culture and its dimensions. Among these Hall's (1981/1976) proposal of high- versus low-context cultures still stands as an important subject matter to be explored. This study is an attempt to explore the significance of high- versus low-context orientation and its implications for communications. Further, strategic orientation of the firm in terms of e-commerce adoption is explored within the framework of high- versus low-context organizational cultures and the internationalization and technological orientation level of the firm. A survey was conducted with 525 employees and managers working in financial services and textile manufacturing firms. Results supported the hypotheses that high- versus low-context values and perceptual and demographic characteristics of employees influence attitudes towards e-communication. Organizational culture regarding high- versus low-context practices, firm's internationalization and technological orientation levels influence the e-commerce adoption at a strategic level.     

Measuring Credit Risk of a Bank's Corporate Loan Portfolio Using Advanced Internal Ratings Base Approach

Abstract

The use of technical and advanced approaches in the measurement of credit risk of banks' portfolios has nowadays become a very hot issue. The most recent technical report issued by the Basel Committee in May 2003 has concentrated heavily on the measurement of credit risk using either foundation or advanced Internal Ratings Base (IRB) approaches. This empirical research study attempts to measure credit risk of a bank's corporate loan portfolio, including firms from 10 different Turkish sectors. The monthly observations of the total amount of corporate loans and the total amount of corporate loans at default across various sectors are downloaded from the web page of Central Bank of Turkey (CBT) in a period of 1999-2002. This period covers 47 monthly observations since CBT has captured sectoral corporate loans beginning of 1999. Therefore, the observed sectoral default rates are needed to be simulated to obtain a nicely shaped distribution. Monte Carlo simulation is applied for 1,000 times. Based on the simulated default rates, the expected sectoral default rates are computed. Next, a credit quality rating scale is fitted into sectoral default rates distributions. Finally, the sectoral weights in the whole loan portfolio are multiplied by the expected sectoral default rates matrix, considering cross-sectoral correlations to get the total amount of the bank's credit risk and capital requirement. It is assumed that sectoral monthly default rates are a good representative of the default risk of a sample bank's corporate loan portfolio since no publicly available data on any particular bank's corporate loan portfolio composition exists. Nevertheless, this research may be a good application for measuring the credit risk of banks' corporate loan portfolios using advanced IRB approach.     

Receptivity of India's small and medium-sized enterprises to information system adoption

This study surveys the receptivity of India's small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to the adoption of information systems (IS). Utilising a portion of Rogers' model of innovation diffusion as the framework, and treating IS as a form of new innovation, this study analyses factors affecting IS diffusion. A multiple regression analysis is carried out, with the five attributes of innovation highlighted by Rogers, to determine the attributes that affect the willingness to adopt. Out of the five factors affecting the adoption of IS by SMEs, only relative advantage, compatibility and trialability appear significant, with the overall regression explaining around 39% of willingness to adopt.     

The effects of fuel prices and vehicle sales on fuel‐saving technology adoption in passenger vehicles

Although economic theory suggests that both sales and fuel costs affect technology adoption by vehicle manufacturers, there is very little empirical evidence on either effect. We document a strong connection between a vehicle's sales and its energy efficiency. Using a demographics‐driven demand shifter to isolate demand‐side changes in sales, we find that a one standard deviation increase in sales raises efficiency by 0.2%, compared with a mean improvement rate of 1.4% per year between 1997 and 2013. Higher fuel prices also increase technology adoption directly by increasing willingness to pay for fuel cost savings. The results have two implications: manufacturers will continue to focus technological improvements on top selling vehicles; and fuel taxes will have larger effects on technology adoption than fuel economy standards and feebates.     

Exploring a possible route through which training affects organizational performance: the case of a Greek bank

Despite the dithyramb on training found throughout the literature, its impact on organizational performance still remains a ‘black box’ yet to be unlocked. Indeed, neither the intervening process nor the factors that mediate training effectiveness have been substantively explored or linked together in a framework. In this paper, gaining insights from the concept of the balanced scorecard and using the service profit chain as a strategy map, an attempt is made to formulate a casual linkage value chain that highlights one possible route through which training can impact organizational performance. Using a predictive design, data were collected from multiple sources (employees, customers, and the bank's financial records) and raters from a sample of 30 branches of a Greek bank. The findings confirmed a framework illuminating a value exchange process ignited by training. More precisely, the results suggested that a formal, structured, and long-term approach to training, as well as certain pre- and post-training conditions and activities, improve training effectiveness by creating positive perceptions about the training's value. The generated for employees value results to higher levels of job satisfaction which boosts employee loyalty, creating in this sense value for the organization. This value is reflected to customers, in terms of better service quality, and reciprocated to the organization through higher customer satisfaction and branch loyalty leading to improved profitability at the branch level.