我国外汇储备与对外贸易的关系

我国高额外汇储备主要由多年贸易顺差积累形成,对外贸易地理方向直接影响着我国外汇储备币种结构。高额外汇储备一方面增强国家的国际清偿能力和购买能力,使国家有充足的资金购买先进的技术设备;另一方面也会削弱出口商品的国际竞争力,加大人民币升值压力,引起贸易摩擦等。优化产品结构,分散贸易地理方向,扶持企业发展等措施有助于减轻两者之间的消极影响。     

The long-run decline in the share of agricultural and food products in international trade: a gravity equation approach to its causes

The objective of this study is to determine the causes of the loss of share of agricultural products and food in international trade. The article compares, using a gravity model, the impact of various factors upon bilateral trade in agricultural products, in manufactures and in total trade, between 1963 and 2000 for a representative sample of 40 countries. The results clearly demonstrate how the low demand elasticity for agricultural products and food, the high degree of protectionism to which they were subjected and their meagre share in intra-industrial trade are the principal causes of their relatively slow growth.     

Are China’s sovereign credit ratings underestimated?

A key implication of Becker’s (1957) work on discrimination is that greater product market competition can reduce employment discrimination generally, and discriminatory wage gaps in particular. Using US data on manufacturing wages and import exposure, we explore whether increased competition, in the form of a heightened exposure to imports, reduces the racial wage gap. Our findings support Becker’s contention. We find that import exposure helped narrow the racial wage gap by about 1.4 percentage points between 1983 and 1993. The effect is especially pronounced among the most disadvantaged: unskilled Southern workers. For them, import exposure helped reduce racial wage disparities by 2.2 percentage points.     

Trading Goods or Human Capital: The Gains and Losses from Economic Integration

In this paper, I quantify the economic consequences of liberalizing migration in the OECD and compare them with those of a hypothetical liberalization of trade across the OECD. First, I investigate the bilateral migration and trade agreements between the EU and Australia, Canada, Japan, Turkey, and the US. Second, I show that the overall impact of reducing all legal restrictions on migration in the OECD is moderate (1.6 percent in real GDP), while the gains from removing tariff and non‐tariff barriers to trade among all of the OECD economies are slightly lower (1.1 percent in real GDP). Finally, both the theoretical and numerical findings suggest that the direction of relationships between trade and migration (either substitutability or complementarity) depends on the type of shock imposed in the system.     

我国对外贸易结构与产业结构的相关性分析

从对外贸易结构和产业结构的相关性入手,分析劳动密集型行业和资本密集型行业对外贸易结构和产业结构的长期和短期关系,并在此基础上就制造业各部门对外贸易结构和产业结构的相关性进行进一步分析。研究结果表明,我国对外贸易结构与产业结构相关性非常高,但资源密集型行业的相关性不高;对外贸易已经成为独立的经济活动,影响着我国国民经济的运行;部门之间对外贸易结构和产业结构存在交叉效应,该效应在资本密集型部门尤为显著;生产要素的国际流动(特别是FDI)和国内、外需求结构变化成为影响对外贸易结构和产业结构相关关系的重要因素。     

Rethinking Globalization in the Trump Era: US-China Relations

The global economic and political order that was created in the aftermath of World War II is under attack by President Donald Trump. In this article, Nobel Prize Laureate Joseph Stiglitz discusses the scope for protectionist actions by President Trump and suggests how countries such as China could and should respond. In particular, he proposes a set of ten principles that should guide China’s response, principles designed to enhance a more stable and efficient multi-polar system of global governance that can contribute to a stronger global economy.     

我国建筑服务贸易国际竞争力影响因素的实证分析

用我国建筑服务贸易出口额表示建筑服务贸易国际竞争力,从微观、中观、宏观层面分析影响我国建筑服务贸易国际竞争力的因素。实证结果表明:我国建筑服务业的发展程度、市场开放度和技术创新能力与我国建筑服务贸易国际竞争力具有正向关系,其中,市场开放度的影响最大,其次是建筑业的发展程度和技术创新能力。在此基础上,提出如下提升我国建筑服务贸易国际竞争力的措施:提高建筑服务企业技术创新的推广及应用力度;完善产业政策;建立统一、开放、竞争、有序的建筑市场环境。     

经济全球化、国际贸易与中国政策选择——基于战略性贸易政策理论的分析

经济全球化成为国际经济发展的趋势,世界市场基本形成,市场结构逐渐演变为跨国公司的垄断竞争或寡头竞争,成为一种典型的不完全竞争格局.中国在全球化进程中面临着良好的机遇和巨大的挑战.布拉德和斯宾塞等人以规模经济和不完全竞争为前提提出的战略性贸易政策理论可以给中国国际贸易政策的选择和制定提供方向性的指导.中国应该综合考虑自己的国情及国际市场经济法律环境,恰当应用战略性贸易政策提升本国企业的国际竞争力,实现由贸易大国向贸易强国的转变.     

产业结构对贸易政策的影响

有别于其他讨论上下游进出口策略性贸易的文献,我们将产业结构因素加入技术领先国(外国)与技术落后国(本国)之间的贸易问题,在中间产品市场和最终产品市场都是古诺竞争的假设下,利用两阶段博弈模型,考虑当技术先进国同时出口中间产品和最终产品到技术落后国时,技术落后国的策略性贸易政策问题.文中的研究结论,可以解释我国一些产业发展中的现象,同时也可以给我国在制定上下游企业的国际贸易政策时提供一定的理论依据和参考思路.     

全球化背景下中国通货膨胀特征及化解

在全球化背景下对中国通货膨胀的产生及其对宏观经济的影响进行了剖析,认为中国通货膨胀产生的根源在于不合理的经济增长结构,其他诸如原油、粮食、矿产品价格的上涨以及美元贬值等因素对中国经济的影响不过是这一根本问题在全球化背景下所引发的连锁反应。因此,在全球经济陷入衰退的环境下,既要实现物价稳定又要避免经济衰退的根本途径在于调整不合理的经济增长结构,降低经济增长对出口和投资的依赖,使国内消费需求成为经济增长的主要推动力量。     

电子商务对国际贸易发展的影响及我国的应对策略研究

国际电子商务在经济全球化和全球信息化过程中得到迅猛发展,而其本身的发展又极大地推动了国际贸易的发展。因此,就国际电子商务的发展对国际贸易的影响及我国的应对策略进行分析与研究,并从政府、企业两方面提出应对策略。     

中国对日本农产品出口结构研究

利用联合国COMTRADE数据库的农产品数据,运用恒定市场份额模型研究了1999—2008年中国对日本农产品出口结构。研究发现,中国对日本农产品出口贸易深受日本农产品市场需求规模与结构的影响,中国出口农产品与日本农产品市场需求结构匹配性不足,中国农产品竞争力较弱。因此,中国应注重出口质量与竞争力的提升,提高出口产品的分散程度,保持出口持续增长。     

国际产业转移与我国外贸商品结构关系的实证分析

20世纪90年代以来, 在经济全球化和知识经济的共同推动下,国际产业转移的趋势不断变化,为我国产业结构升级提供了良机.认识并把握这个机遇,理清国际产业转移与我国外贸商品结构间的关系,在努力提升我国产业结构的同时,优化我国外贸商品结构,推动我国经济的发展.     

从人力资本视角分析中国服务贸易竞争力

在当今全球经济中,服务贸易在一固经济结构中的份顿,在一定程度上反映了该国的国际竞争力和固际化水平.长期以来.中国服务贸易竞争优势主要仰仗于成本低廉、总量丰富的低端劳动力.但随着中国经济进入"刘易斯转折点",快速的人口转变将导致人口红利的短缺.廉价劳动力驱动的服务贸易增长方式也将宣告结束.为此,必须大力开发人力资源,提升人力资本水平,用质量替代数量.实现服务贸易的可持续发展.     

中国知识服务业国际竞争力研究

中国知识服务业的发展还处于初步阶段,国际竞争力水平存在较大差异,中国要建立创新型社会,就要注重知识服务业的发展,要从战略高度制定知识服务业相应的发展规划,建立相应的支撑体系,发挥政府职能作用,培养和引进专业人才,发展壮大知识服务企业等。     

The Belt and Road Initiative and China's Export: A Soft Power Perspective

Using a newly built soft power index, we examine whether and how soft power affects Chinese firm-level export to the Belt and Road (B&R) countries from 2000 to 2016. We find that soft power has significantly positive effects on both export value and export product types for the B&R countries. These effects are more pronounced than those for non-B&R countries and differ not only between the Belt and the Road countries but also regional groups, firm ownerships, modes of trade, and sectors. Further analysis shows that soft power increases the intensive margin of exports by approximately three times that of the extensive margin. Thus, our findings provide a new perspective for understanding both the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and the contemporary economic evolution occurring in China.     

The heterogeneous effect of finance on international trade

Is the impact of financial development on international trade heterogeneous – being positive, negative or null – across manufacturing sectors? And is it dependent on the level of sectoral requirement on external finance for capital need? To examine these questions this article uses a panel trade database on 21 manufacturing sectors in 80 countries between 2000 and 2009. The analysis demonstrates that the effect of financial development on trade is indeed heterogeneous by estimating a coefficient for each sector and showing that the signs and significance levels vary across them. The article also demonstrates that sectors with strong reliance on external finance export higher volume from countries with developed financial system and that financial development reduces trade in industries with low financial dependence level.     

资本流动脆弱性与我国的基本状况分析

近年来,由于世界各国进一步推进货币可兑换,跨境资本流动日趋频繁,规模越来越大,复杂程度进一步提高.大规模的资本流动在满足投资需求的同时,也使得宏观经济和金融体系内部的脆弱性变得更为突出.文章在整理历年数据资料的基础上,以我国资本账户开放程度和人民币升贬值压力为前提,从国际收支平衡表、利用外资和外债三个资本流动脆弱性最敏感的视角展开研究,并提出相应建议.     

国际贸易冲击与中国经济的周期波动

国际经济波动对我国经济周期的影响主要是通过国际贸易渠道实现的,本文在对我国对外贸易波动的特征及与经济周期相关性分析的基础之上,通过国际贸易乘数效应具体分析了国际贸易冲击对经济周期波动的影响,其结论表明国际贸易冲击对我国的经济周期波动产生重要的作用和影响,出口每波动1%,会引发GDP波动0.25个百分点左右,随着我国对外贸易的快速增长,贸易波动对宏观经济的影响会进一步增加。     

应对WTO和经济全球化,提升中国蔬菜业的国际竞争力

中国是世界公认的蔬菜大国，但目前还不是蔬菜强国，加入WTO和经济全球化给中国蔬菜业带来了千载难逢的发展机遇。通过对我国蔬菜业优势和劣势分析，旨在抓住机遇，扬长补短，尽快实现蔬菜大国向蔬菜强国的历史性跨越。