天然彩色棉纤维与染色棉纤维鉴别方法的研究

[目的]为天然彩色棉纤维的鉴别提供快速、准确的方法.[方法]通过测试纤维的断裂强力、用显微镜投影仪观察纤维纵切面和横切面形态及横截面色彩分布、以20h日晒牢度级数差别、剥色处理后的掉色情况鉴别和判断样品是否为天然彩色棉纤维.[结果]1)相同支数的天然彩色棉的断裂强力较染色棉低约20%～30%.2)纤维纵切面基本无区别,棕色天然彩棉比绿色彩棉成熟度高.3)在纤维横截面上,天然彩棉色彩呈片状,且分布不均匀,主要分布在次生细胞壁及细胞腔内,染色棉色彩均匀分布在整个细胞内.4)日晒10h、40h处理下色牢度差异不明显,天然彩棉与染色棉纤维在日晒20h处理下的色牢度差异明显.5)加入二甲基甲酰胺振荡5min或在(70+2) ℃、pH=6条件下振荡10min,再加入连二亚硫酸钠振荡5min对纤维样品进行剥色处理后,天然彩棉与染色棉掉色差异明显.[结论]通过测试断裂强力可粗略判断天然彩棉与染色棉织物;纤维横截面形态、日晒20h色牢度、剥色处理后的色牢度等均可作为鉴别彩棉纤维与染色棉纤维的依据.这些方法可满足进出口商品检验的要求.     

几种非正常棉的外观特征及含杂分析

着重对几种常见的典型非正常棉,如：清弹棉、棉短绒、清花落棉、盖板花、精梳落棉的外观特征、杂质成分及含量进行了较系统的分析,以期对制定非正常棉检验鉴别标准有所帮助,进而更好地为出入境检验检疫、纺织贸易及纺织生产加工服务。     

THE EFFECT OF THE OXIDATION REACTION OF SODIUM PERBORATE ON THE DAMAGE TO THE COTTON DURING WASHING

The purpose of this study was to explain the effect of activated sodium perborate on cotton cloth. The comparison between the damage caused by basic and activated detergent was based on practical washing tests. The washing temperatures were 60°C and 90°C. Damage to the cotton was determined with a physical (tenacity) and a chemical (fluidity) method. Damage to the cotton increased as the temperature rose. Washing with basic detergent at 60°C did the least damage to the cotton. The activated detergent at 60°C damaged the cotton more strongly, but slightly less than the basic detergent at 90°C. Damage to cotton caused by washing can be determined more rapidly and more reliably with a chemical method than with a physical one.     

EFFECT OF TEXTILE QUOTA RESTRICTIONS ON U.S. COTTON TEXTILE IMPORTS BETWEEN 1964 AND 1973

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of U.S. cotton textile quotas on cotton textiles imported into the U.S. between 1964 and 1973. The findings showed that cotton imports requiring more processing stages had significantly greater 10-year average prices than other groups. Changes in the dollar value of imported cotton textiles during the decade have mainly occurred because of an increase in the average prices rather than resulting from a redistribution of imports from low to high average price groups. The weakening correlation between changes in the dollar value and in the quantity of high unit value groups indicated that the control on quantity has not precluded increases in total dollar value of imports in higher processing stages, especially since 1970. Since fabrics with a relatively stable average price accounted for the major importation of cotton textiles during the 1964–1973 period, the overall control by quantity in this decade was still quite good, even though average prices of apparel were rising.     

THE EFFECT OF DETERGENT TYPE AND LAUNDERING TEMPERATURE ON THE SOIL REMOVAL AND SOIL REDEPOSITION PERFORMANCE OF COTTON AND P/C BLENDS WITH AND WITHOUT DURABLE PRESS FINISH

Three soiled test cloths of cotton and 65/35% Dacron/cotton blends with and without durable press finish were subjected to twenty-five repeated launderings in Launder-Ometer to determine the effect of fabric type, wash temperature, and laundering interval on the soil removal and soil redeposition performance. The reflectance of the test fabrics as measured by a Hunter Lab D-40 reflectometer and the amount of soil removed and redeposited was computed in reflectance unit (RU) expressing the difference in reflectance of the test samples before and after washing. Soil removal and redeposition performances were significantly influenced by fabric type, detergent type, and laundering interval. Duncan's multiple range test indicated that Dacron/cotton blends with and without durable press finish retained and redeposited significantly less soil than cotton. Powder detergents cleaned test fabrics better than liquid detergents. Highly significant correlations between soil removal and redeposition RU and whiteness measurements were found. Therefore, both computations serve as reliable methods to evaluate soil removal and redeposition performance.