浅析危机管理中的沟通策略

通过对企业在危机管理过程中的沟通理念、公众细分、沟通目标、信息产生、沟通工具及相关技巧等方面的阐述,详 细分析了管理危机中的沟通策略。     

理论支持与现实优势：非政府组织参与公共危机治理的必然性探究

非政府组织是不以营利为目的,以服务大众为宗旨,具有志愿性和自治性的非政府的社会组织。市场失灵、政府失灵、公民社会与善治理论是其参与公共危机治理的理论支持,专业优势、效率优势、资源优势、沟通优势是其参与公共危机治理的现实优势。理论支持与现实优势表明非政府组织参与公共危机治理的必然性。     

复杂网络视角下突发性公共卫生危机管理

本文从复杂网络的视角重新审视了突发性公共卫生事件的危机管理。研究结果表明,复杂网络的小世界特性和无标度特性为突发性公共卫生危机的传播带来了新的挑战,在突发性公共卫生危机的传播过程中,采用切断超级传播者、隔离、免疫、信息公开与反馈等措施可以收到不同程度的危机预防和控制效果。本文结合传统的预防-处理-善后三阶段危机管理体系,提出了复杂网络视角下的突发性公共卫生危机管理政策建议。     

Fairness in the contingent valuation of environmental public goods: attitude toward paying for environmental improvements at two levels of scope

Respondents to contingent valuation (CV) surveys give a variety of reasons for not wanting to pay money. This variability is likely to reflect people's attitudes toward paying for the public good change, their attitudes toward paying for public goods in general, and a component that is independent of these attitudes but unique to particular beliefs about paying (e.g. ‘I can't afford to pay’). Negative attitudes toward paying can contribute to an apparent insensitivity to different levels of the same public good. In a telephone survey, northern Wisconsin property owners were asked about their WTP for four environmental public goods (biodiversity, Indian spearfishing, water quality, and wolves) at two levels of scope (part and whole). For water quality and spearfishing, the part was a chain of lakes that was geographically nested within a larger region of lakes. Similarly, the biodiversity whole represented a region comprising the smaller level of the public good. The scope conditions for wolves were quantitatively nested levels of returning 300 and 800 wolves to northern Wisconsin. Respondents’ beliefs about paying for each public good and level of scope were measured in order to test their generality across the different public goods and levels of scope. Negative attitudes toward paying that are general across public goods place restrictions on the use of CV for environmental public goods. However, negative attitudes that are tied to specific environmental public goods suggest that the valuation method might be difficult to implement in these cases only. Moreover, negative attitudes toward paying that are either general or specific may contribute to perfect embedding when they are expressed across different levels of scope for the same public good. Respondents' beliefs about paying for each public good were associated with an attitude toward paying for the respective good and an attitude toward paying for public goods in general at both levels of scope. The general attitude was more explanatory of beliefs about paying for wolf reintroduction and spearfishing than were the specific attitudes. The distribution of beliefs was sensitive to the type of good being valued, but less so to the scope of the public good change. Contingent valuation practitioners should seek improvements in respondents' perceptions of the fairness of the valuation process in order to facilitate citizens' involvement in decisions about environmental public goods. Avenues for future research are proposed and discussed.     

对校园公共安全危机管理的战略思考

校园安全管理是公共安全危机管理的一项重要内容，但由于种种原因，我国目前在校园安全管理方面存在一定的弊端。校园公共安全危机的应对管理程序应该包括预控准备、预防监测、应对处理、恢复善后和总结评估5个环节。     

Public perceptions of nursing careers: the influence of the media and nursing shortages

The high public regard for nurses has not necessarily translated into an adequate supply of individuals who are willing to be nurses. The expected future demand for nurse labor challenges us to look more closely at the public's perceptions of nursing and nursing careers, and consider how they are shaped by personal experience, media messages, and socio-demographic factors. As part of ongoing efforts to examine factors shaping the future of the nursing workforce, a national survey of Americans was conducted to probe attitudes toward the nursing profession and their experiences with nurses. The data in this national survey of the public about nursing demonstrate that the nursing profession is highly respected and that the vast majority of the general public would recommend nursing careers to qualified students. If the profession is so well thought of and so highly recommended, why are there persistent concerns that not enough people are becoming RNs to avoid or at least slow down the development of future shortages? A prolonged and persistent effort is needed to educate people about nursing careers, to stimulate the expanded production of nursing faculty, and to bring creative approaches to financing nursing education and workforce improvements to convert the large number of seriously interested candidates into the nursing profession.     

基于灰色聚类的高校声誉危机管理评价

基于文献回顾和实际调查,提出包括过程评价和效果评价的高校声誉危机管理评价框架,前者的评价维度为信息管理、应急决策以及公关与沟通,后者的评价维度为声誉恢复和学习与成长。在此基础上,采用德尔菲法设计高校声誉危机管理评价指标体系,进而基于层次分析法和灰色聚类评价理论构建相应的评价模型,并通过实例分析证明了该评价模型的适用性。     

Status Quo Conservatism,Placation, or Partisan Division? Analysing Citizen Attitudes Towards Financial Reform in the United States

Within the literature on financial governance a key question is why the 2008 financial crisis did not elicit a stronger regulatory reaction than it did – the ‘post-crisis stasis’ puzzle. We explore a neglected dimension of this puzzle: public attitudes toward financial regulation. Using a variety of survey data of the US public we find that there was persistent support for stronger financial regulation following the crisis, even support for radical reform in some instances, and support continued even after regulatory reform had been enacted. Despite such general sentiment, however, at nearly every stage public attitudes were highly conditional on partisan affiliation – a hugely consequential detail that meant that demand for reform was not channelled into more stringent policy but rather into a highly partisan, status quo protecting political machinery. Our analysis challenges notions of US public attitudes as either conservative in orientation or placated through modest reform, but also highlights the importance of domestic political constraints in shaping financial reform options despite majoritarian support for more robust reform.     

Measures of cost containment, impact of the economical crisis, and the effects perceived in nursing daily practice: an Italian crossover study

A qualitative/quantitative study in two phases was undertaken to describe the economical crisis intensity, cost-containment interventions adopted locally, and their effects perceived in daily practice by Italian nurses. The main economic crisis effects reported by nurses were (a) the staff stress level has increased, (b) patients with social problems have increased, and (c) the workload has increased. Overall, nurses perceived moderate disadvantages due to the economical crisis; several cost-containment measures have been adopted at different levels of the National Health Service. atients in general seem frailer and nurses working in the community centers also seem frailer compared with nurses working at the hospital level. Changes in daily nursing practice both at the hospital and community levels are warning signs that should be monitored carefully for both their short and long-term negative impacts on patients, nurses, and the National Health Service.     

Public capital in the 21st century: as productive as ever?

The global financial crisis and the euro area sovereign debt crisis that followed induced a rapid deterioration in the fiscal positions of countries across the globe. In the ensuing fiscal adjustment process, public investments were severely reduced in many countries. How harmful is this for growth perspectives? Our main objective is to find out whether the importance of public capital for long run output growth has changed in recent years. To this end, we expand time series on public capital stocks for 20 OECD countries and estimate country-specific recursive vector autoregressive (VAR) models. Results show that the effect of public capital shocks on economic growth has not increased in general, although results differ widely between countries. This suggests that the current level of public investments generally does not pose an immediate threat to potential output. Of course, this could change if low investment levels are sustained for a long time.     

ECONOMICS OF THE CANADIAN BISHOPS

The author welcomes the bishops' statement as an expression of the uniquely moral aspect of the Canadian unemployment crisis. The statement is dramatic, compassionate and deeply ethical in its concern for the Canadian economy and its people—especially for the poor, the afflicted, and the oppressed. However, the bishops' public policy recommendations are ill-advised and incompatible with the attainment of their very worthwhile goals. By relying on a quasi-Marxist economic analysis, the bishops misconstrue the role and effects of inflation, price controls, technological progress, welfare, and the labor union movement. To achieve economic progress, including a cure for unemployment, a move toward freer markets is needed—not more government intervention.     

The Reform of Local Public Utilities in Italy

The Italian system of local public utilities has recently undergone an important reform process. The first round of reforms, introduced in the 1990s, represented a remarkable change in the social welfare function with regard to the management of local public utilities. The legislation was specifically designed to cut costs and reduce deficits. A second round of reforms, required by European directives, started around the mid-1990s. Several laws were passed introducing important innovations and regulating specific sectors: public transport; electricity; and gas. Article 35 of the 2002 Financial Law was the final step in a comprehensive reform of the whole local public utility sector. The main innovations of the Financial Law concerns liberalization. Article 35 states that the general rule for awarding service provision contracts is competitive tendering; the rationale is obviously that of competition for the market. The general rule as expressed by Article 35 is nevertheless limited during the transition period. In the long run, competitive tendering will become the normal way of awarding contracts for local public utility provision. Even if there are doubts that full competition will be introduced into the sector, liberalization does appear to be having an effect, forcing many local public utilities to become more efficient. The changes introduced have brought about a better and a more efficient system with a greater number of large size enterprises and on the average a more active management.
In the future, the liberalization process may come to a standstill due to an insufficient number of competitors. Strong public administrations are therefore needed to prevent opportunistic behaviour by private firms.     

危机情境下的企业公共关系研究

公共关系危机管理是企业面对危机状态的公关处理过程,即处理危机事件过程中的公共关系。危机无处不在无时不有,因此,如何预防和控制危机成为企业极其重要的任务之一。危机包含着危险和机遇两层含义,危机也是企业的一个转折点,有效的危机管理为企业发展提供机遇,成功地处理好危机则能为企业赢得声誉,树立企业形象,也给企业的发展创造机会。     

我国应急财政管理相关问题研究

近年来,我国各类公共危机事件不断出现,对社会经济生活造成了巨大影响.由于市场机制在公共危机应对领域的"失灵",使得政府必须承担起公共危机处置与管理的责任.而政府这一切活动的背后都需要财政的支持,所以对应急财政管理相关问题的研究就愈发地重要而紧迫.本文正是从这一视角出发,界定了应急财政管理的基本概念,通过介绍我国应急财政管理的现状,着重分析了其不足之处,并在此基础上提出了进一步加强我国应急财政管理的对策建议.     

Crisis and belief: confirmation bias and the behavioral political economy of recession

The link between crisis and permanent increases in public spending has been investigated from the perspective of interest groups, bureaucratic growth, etc., while a demand perspective, i.e. the question of changing voter preferences, has been ignored. Survey data suggests that individuals become temporarily more in favor of government intervention in the aftermath of an economic crisis. The relationship is tested by an experiment in which salience of economic crisis generates favorable attitudes toward intervention for crisis related and unrelated topics.     

基于社会责任的食品企业危机管理

本文从企业社会责任的角度对中国食品企业的危机管理表现和危机管理绩效进行了实证分析。实证分析结果表明,企业社会责任对中国食品企业危机管理表现影响深远,企业社会责任表现良好的企业,危机发生的概率明显小于企业社会责任表现差的企业危机发生的概率,实施企业社会责任战略的企业比没有实施企业社会责任战略的企业经历更少的危机。企业社会责任建设是食品企业进行危机管理的有效途径,中国食品企业应把企业社会责任作为企业危机管理的重要举措。     

有效性视野下的中国公共危机动员策略研究——以自然灾害动员为例

动员是公共危机管理的重要手段和内容，它能否实现公共危机管理的目标，在很大程度上取决于动员的理念与策略。本文以自然灾害动员为例，分析了当前公共危机动员的基本策略：建构良性的混合动员模式；动员的手段和方式要多元化；动员的话语要人性化；动员的目标要有战略性。     

企业公关危机管理机制模型构建

随着市场经济的发展和社会复杂程度的提高,企业进入高度公关危险期,进行有效公关危机管理已经成为企业管理的重要课题。对企业公关危机管理机制模型进行创新研究,应从宏观管理与微观管理两个层面进行。     

公共危机与地方财政运行机制的重构——基于财政机会主义的视角

近年来,我国频繁发生大型公共危机,严重影响了民众的生命财产安全与社会经济的可持续发展。我国公共危机防治的困境在一定程度上导源于地方财政的机会主义行为,而我国政府间激励约束机制不合理和财政管理体制不健全则是地方财政机会主义普遍存在的重要根源。从现实来看,地方财政机会主义的普遍存在不仅导致了公共危机的形成,而且加大了公共危机的治理难度,放大了其对社会经济运行的负面影响。为此,我国需要重构地方财政运行机制,建立有效的激励约束机制,合理界分政府间公共危机的防治责任,为地方政府配置有效的财力,并建立完善的地方财政监督机制。     

后SARS时期:经济影响与政策取向

联系理论研究与实际部门的行动我们可以清楚地看到,SARS危机对中国经济的影响是不容回避的,随着时间的推移,更多部门、更深层次的影响也将逐渐显现。从解决SARS危机所采取的"隔离"这一特殊方式的后果出发,评价经济中的某些部分从整个产业链上脱离出去的代价及连带影响,评价重新回到产业链上的机会与成本,提出合理的政策扶助措施,就构成了本文的基本思路。