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Richard A. Bernardi 《Journal of Business Ethics》2006,65(1):43-53
This paper examines the associations among social desirability response bias, cultural constructs and gender. The study includes
the responses of 1537 students from 12 countries including Australia, Canada, China, Colombia, Ecuador, Hong Kong, Ireland,
Japan, Nepal, South Africa, Spain, and the United States. The results of the analysis indicate that, on average, social desirability
response bias decreases (increases) as a country’s Individualism (Uncertainty Avoidance) increases. The analysis also indicates
that women scored significantly higher on Paulhus’ Image Management Subscale on an overall basis and for seven of the 12 country
comparisons. This research serves as a caution when considering the research findings of prior international survey-based
ethics research that do not include a direct measure of social desirability response bias. For example, the finding that women
score higher on Paulhus’ measure of social desirability response bias calls into question prior research that does not control
for social desirability response bias indicating women are more ethically sensitive than men. 相似文献
3.
The purpose of this study is to determine whether there are cross-cultural differences between Chinese and Canadian business
students with respect to their assessment of the ethicality of various business behaviors. Using a sample of 147 business
students, the results indicate cultural crossvergence; the Chinese (72 students) and Canadians (75 students) exhibit different
ethical attitudes toward questionable business practices at the individual level but not at the corporate level. A social
desirability bias (a tendency to deny socially unacceptable actions and to admit to socially desirable ones) is also found
to be a cross-cultural phenomenon, with the Canadians demonstrating a greater bias than the Chinese. Finally, this bias causes
respondents to increase their assessment of the un-ethicality of questionable business activities.
相似文献
Paul DunnEmail: |
4.
This research is an extension of Walker Information’s (Business Ethics: Ethical Decision Making and Cases, pp. 235–255, 1999) study on employees’ job attitudes that was conducted exclusively in the United States. Walker Information found that the
reputation of the organization, fairness at work, care, and concern for employees, trust in employees, and resources available
at work were important factors in an employee’s decision to remain with his or her company. Our sample includes 713 students
from seven countries: Canada, Colombia, Ecuador, Hong Kong, Ireland, South Africa, and the United States. When analyzing the
entire sample, our data indicate that both social desirability response bias and gender were significant; however, this was
not the case when the data are analyzed by country. On an individual country basis, our data suggest that the generally accepted
premise that women are more ethically conscious than men was only true for the samples from the United States and Canada.
The data also indicate that, while social desirability response bias was significant for the four factors suggesting ethical
components for the sample from the United States, this finding was not universal.
Dr. Richard A. Bernardi, Professor of Accounting at Roger Williams University, is a retired Air Force lieutenant colonel who
flew the B-52 and FB-111 aircraft. He has also been a Professor of National Security Affairs at the U. S. Naval War College
during 1997 to 1998 academic year. Dr. Bernardi received a PhD from Union College in 1992; since then, he has published over
80 articles and received Teaching Excellence Awards from both Roger Williams University and the State University of New York.
Steven T. Guptill graduated from Roger Williams University with a degree in international business. He currently works for
State Street Bank in an operations role within the alternative investments umbrella. In this role, he plans and manages the
daily workflows of a fund accounting team with several client relationships. 相似文献
5.
Lilian Soares Outtes Wanderley Rafael Lucian Francisca Farache José Milton de Sousa Filho 《Journal of Business Ethics》2008,82(2):369-378
Corporate social responsibility (CSR) has become a much-discussed subject in the business world. The Internet has become one
of the main tools for CSR information disclosure, allowing companies to publicise more information less expensively and faster
than ever before. As a result, corporations are increasingly concerned with communicating ethically and responsibly to the
diversity of stakeholders through the web. This paper addresses the main question as whether CSR information disclosure on
corporate websites is influenced by country of origin and/or industry sector. Analysing the websites of 127 corporations from
emerging countries, such as Brazil, Chile, China, India, Indonesia, Mexico, Thailand and South Africa, it becomes evident
that both country of origin and industry sector have a significant influence over CSR information disclosure on the web (CSRIDOW).
Based on the data studied, country of origin has a stronger influence over CSRIDOW than industry sector.
相似文献
José Milton de Sousa FilhoEmail: |
6.
Several critics have reopened the continuing debate regarding the credibility of the auditing profession in part because of
auditors’ reluctance to issue warning signals to investors. At the root of auditors’ lack of independence issues are conflicts
of interest resulting from the structural features of auditor–client relationship. The Throughput Model (TP) is advanced to
illustrate how ethical issues may be influenced by conflicts of interest. In the first stage, the TP provides an isolation
of auditors’ ethical positions from six ethical different perspectives. In the second stage, previous TP theory is built upon
by arguing a simultaneous analysis of how conflicts of interests may induce auditors’ behavior. We conclude that in the current
low litigation risk environment, auditors’ ethical behavior (both conscious and unconscious) is clearly ‹unbalanced’ favoring
the reluctance to issue warning signals. Finally, we offer a discussion of potential solutions to improve ethical issues.
相似文献
José A. GonzaloEmail: |
7.
Business students are confronted early in their academic careers with examples of questionable acts and practices related
to individual and corporate integrity. The current study identifies four segments of students with respect to their attitudes
toward unethical behavior and is one of the first known attempts to understand country corruption and its impact on students
of business. Findings from a worldwide survey of over 6,000 business students suggest that corruption does breed corruption
and that business students in more corrupt countries have a greater likelihood than their counterparts in less corrupt countries
to equate legal and ethical. It appears that business students in more corrupt countries expect to use the law as their ethical
gauge in business decisions.
相似文献
Victoria L. CrittendenEmail: |
8.
As global trends regarding increased mergers and acquisitions continue, small local retailers must learn how to fend off these
strong attackers. We assess key services strategies when small-local retailers compete against large-national retailers in
industrialized (USA) and developing world (black South African township) retail settings. Of key interest is how theories
generated from industrialized world research apply in developing world settings. We found that small retailers fend off large
national retailers using virtually identical strategies regardless of the level of economic development.
相似文献
Noxolo-Eileen MazibukoEmail: |
9.
The job of a leader includes caring for others, or taking responsibility for them. All leaders face the challenge of how to
be both ethical and effective in their work. This paper focuses on the requirement that leaders be present to care for their
followers in times of crisis. It examines the story of Nero playing his fiddle while Rome burns. This is a tale that has been
repeated in various forms by ancient historians and modern writers. The fact that the story gets repeated through the ages
tells us about the kind of care that people expect from their leaders.
相似文献
Joanne B. CiullaEmail: |
10.
The linkage between ethical judgment and ethical behavioral intention was investigated. The Multidimensional Ethics Scale
(MES) was used to measure ethical judgment ratings of hypothetical behaviors in retail, sales, and automobile repair scenarios.
Confirmatory factor analysis on a sample of 300 undergraduate business students showed that a model with three latent variables
representing three correlated ethical dimensions of moral equity, relativism, and contractualism, three correlated scenario
latent variables, and correlated residuals presented a good fit to the data. Further, structural models of the relationship
of ethical judgment to behavioral intentions revealed that behavioral intentions were more highly related to the scenario
factors than to the ethical dimensions across three scenarios. Adding a method factor to the model improved goodness-of-fit
and changed some structural model conclusions.
相似文献
Nhung T. NguyenEmail: |
11.
There is a long history of governmental efforts to protect personal privacy and strong debates about the merits of such policies. A central element of privacy is the ability to control the dissemination of personally identifiable data to private parties. Posner, Stigler, and others have argued that privacy comes at the expense of allocative efficiency. Others have argued that privacy issues are readily resolved by proper allocation of property rights to control information. Our principal findings challenge both views. We find: (a) privacy can be efficient even when there is no “taste” for privacy per se, and (b) to be effective, a privacy policy may need to ban information transmission or use rather than simply assign individuals control rights to their personally identifiable data.
相似文献
Michael L. KatzEmail: |
12.
We investigate the relationship between free-standing insert advertising style and coupon redemption. Results from two experiments
indicate that the propensity to clip a coupon can be enhanced by matching ad tone (emotional vs rational) to the nature of
a consumer’s primary motivation with respect to coupon usage. Moreover, this result appears to hold for consumers with both
procoupon and anticoupon inclinations.
相似文献
Michelle L. RoehmEmail: |
13.
Helmut Fryges 《Small Business Economics》2009,33(2):165-187
Based on longitudinal data, this article examines empirically the long-term export behaviour of German and British technology-oriented
firms founded between 1987 and 1996. Applying logit models, the results show that firms can overcome high entry costs by acquiring
firm-specific assets. Similarly, firm-specific resources prevent high-tech companies from exiting the international market.
The strategic role of investment in R&D is stressed in particular by the data.
相似文献
Helmut FrygesEmail: |
14.
Business Ethics Training: Insights from Learning Theory 总被引:1,自引:3,他引:1
John A. Weber 《Journal of Business Ethics》2007,70(1):61-85
This paper explores research in educational psychology and learning theory in a search for insights to enhance business ethics
training Useful educational principles uncovered are then applied to the development of an ethics training initiative for
sales professionals. The paper concludes with suggestions for future research to help enrich business ethics training.
相似文献
John A. WeberEmail: |
15.
To Help or Not to Help? The Good Samaritan Effect and the Love of Money on Helping Behavior 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Thomas Li-Ping Tang Toto Sutarso Grace Mei-Tzu Wu Davis Dariusz Dolinski Abdul Hamid Safwat Ibrahim Sharon Lynn Wagner 《Journal of Business Ethics》2008,82(4):865-887
This research tests a model of employee helping behavior (a component of Organizational Citizenship Behavior, OCB) that involves
a direct path (Intrinsic Motives → Helping Behavior, the Good Samaritan Effect) and an indirect path (the Love of Money →
Extrinsic Motives → Helping Behavior). Results for the full sample supported the Good Samaritan Effect. Further, the love
of money was positively related to extrinsic motives that were negatively related with helping behavior. We tested the model
across four cultures (the USA., Taiwan, Poland, and Egypt). The Good Samaritan Effect was significant for all four countries.
For the indirect path, the first part was significant for all countries, except Egypt, whereas the second part was significant
for Poland only. For Poland, the indirect path was significant and positive. The love of money may cause one to help in one culture (Poland) but not to help in others. Results were discussed in the light of ethical decision making.
相似文献
Sharon Lynn WagnerEmail: |
16.
Deli Yang Mahmut Sonmez Derek Bosworth Gerald Fryxell 《Journal of Business Ethics》2009,87(2):269-283
This paper identifies that Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has a negative effect on software piracy rates in
addition to consolidating prior research that economic development and the cultural dimension of individualism also negatively
affect piracy rates. Using data for 59 countries from 2000 to 2005, the findings show that economic well-being, individualism
and technology development as measured by ICT expenditures explain between 70% and 82% of the variation in software piracy
rates during this period. The research results provide important implications for policy makers and business practitioners
to help reduce software piracy.
相似文献
Gerald FryxellEmail: |
17.
This paper investigates whether small businesses face financial constraints that affect their survival. A model of moral hazard
is developed in which financial constraints arise endogenously. The model predicts that higher private assets relax financial
constraints and have a positive effect on the firm’s probability of survival. The empirical analysis confirms that the entrepreneur
has a higher propensity to stay in business when she inherits capital. This effect is particularly strong for entrepreneurs
who switch from self-employment into wage employment.
相似文献
Oleksandr TalaveraEmail: |
18.
Ching-I Huang 《Quantitative Marketing and Economics》2008,6(4):371-413
Cellular phone carriers typically offer complicated nonlinear tariffs. Consumers make a discrete choice among several rate
plans. Each plan has a nonlinear price schedule, and price is usually lower for in-network calls. I present an empirical framework
to estimate demand under such nonlinear pricing schemes by using parsimonious carrier-level data and apply the estimation
method to analyze the market in Taiwan. I evaluate the impacts of termination-based pricing schemes on the market structure
by counterfactual simulations. There is no evidence showing that the network effect resulting from termination-based pricing
has significant effects on market structure.
相似文献
Ching-I HuangEmail: |
19.
Entrepreneurship in post-socialist economies: A typology and institutional contexts for market entrepreneurship 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Nir Kshetri 《Journal of International Entrepreneurship》2009,7(3):236-259
There is growing recognition among post-socialist (PS) economies that free-market entrepreneurship is essential for ultimately
improving their economic future. The promotion of market entrepreneurship, however, has been a challenging experience for
these economies. This paper examines various forms of entrepreneurship in PS economies. Drawing upon the institutional theory,
we also highlight the clear contexts and attendant mechanisms associated with institutions–entrepreneurship nexus in PS economies’
contexts.
相似文献
Nir KshetriEmail: |
20.
Necessity and Opportunity Entrepreneurs and Their Duration in Self-employment: Evidence from German Micro Data 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel Study (GSOEP), we analyze whether necessity entrepreneurs differ from opportunity
entrepreneurs in terms of self-employment duration. Using univariate statistics, we find that opportunity entrepreneurs remain
in self-employment longer than necessity entrepreneurs. However, after controlling for the entrepreneurs’ education in the
professional area where they start their venture, this effect is no longer significant. We therefore conclude that the difference
observed is not an original effect but rather is due to selection. We then go on to discuss the implications of our findings
for entrepreneurship-policy making, and give suggestions to improve governmental start-up programs.
相似文献
Philipp SandnerEmail: |