亚洲货币一体化的前景分析

从国际货币体系改革的大趋势——区域性货币一体化入手，分析亚洲货币一体化的现状，认为创造亚洲的共同货币——亚元是亚洲货币一体化的理想选择。并阐述亚洲货币一体化仍然要大致经历欧洲货币一体化所走过的几个阶段。分析中国在东亚货币一体化进程中的地位和作用。     

最优货币区理论与“亚元”区构想

一、传统的最优货币区理论 货币一体化这种国际货币合作的形式有时也被称作最优货币区。根据《新帕尔格雷夫经济学大辞典》的定义，最优货币区是这样一种区域，在此区域内，一般的支付手段或是一种单一的共同货币，或是几种货币，这几种货币之间具有无限可兑换性，其汇率在进行经常交易和资本交易时互相盯住，保持不变，但是区域内国家与区域以外的国家之间的汇率保持浮动。货币单一化则是在货币一体化的基础上形成单一储备，     

最优货币区理论综述兼述欧元、亚元问题

近年来,关于亚洲货币合作与亚元问题的讨论引起了我国官方高层和学术界的日益关注,各种文章时有见诸于报端.我们认为,只有在理论上把该研究推向深入,才可能得出正确的政策结论.为此,对最优货币区理论进行依次系统的回顾与评价,就显得十分必要.     

论“亚元”—东亚单一货币的可行性

本文利用“最适度通货区”理论，结合欧洲货币联盟建立的经验，对东亚实现单一贷币的有利及不利条件进行分析，利用相关数据说明“亚元”区启动的关键是缩小东亚各国经济发展水平的差异，加快区域一体化步伐，并在分析基础上提出一系列有关东亚货币体系改革的建议。     

“亚元”试水从人民币起步？

“欧元之父”蒙代尔很早以前就作出一个预言：从长远来看，人民币是很有潜力的货币，有可能成为亚洲中心货币。[编者按]     

日本学者：“亚元”是一个梦想——亚行澄清说，“亚洲货币单位”推出尚无时间表

“我们从来没有用过‘亚元’的说法，将要推出的‘亚洲货币单位’和‘亚元’完全是两个概念。”3月28日，亚洲开发银行（下称“亚行”）新闻官阚磊向《中国经济周刊》证实，近来又被炒作的“亚元”，是对他们要公布的“亚洲货币单位”的曲解。“亚洲货币单位”具体什么时间能够公布还是个未知数。至于“亚元”，那至少是几十年之后的事。     

亚洲的人民币，人民币的亚洲——推出“亚洲人民币”，构建全新亚洲货币体系

近三十年来国际金融市场持续动荡，尤其是2007年下半年开始的全球金融和经济危机，更是将当代国际货币金融体系的深层次问题暴露无遗。     

European integration: the third step

A perception of declining EU competitiveness has intensified calls for structural reforms within the EU. This paper examines recent evidence on changes in relative EU competitiveness and considers the observed changes in relation to the evolving competitive environment facing EU firms. Our analysis suggests that recent declines in EU competitiveness reflect changes (or lack thereof) within the EU in response to an evolutionary “Third Step” in the process of EU integration: global market integration. Starting from the mid-1990s, we find that the EU began to face unprecedented increases in external sources of competition. The rising competition from external sources and declining export market competitiveness created pressures for EU firms to alter their organizational and product market strategies to meet the challenge of a globally integrating market. While many leading EU firms have responded to this challenge, most EU firms remain hampered by anachronistic EU product and labor market regulations that have inhibited adjustments that could better restore the competitiveness of EU based firms. In particular, our analysis points to labor market rigidities and limited growth in the services sector as factors limiting adjustment to the realities of a global market. The growing calls for structural reforms therefore reflect the rising external competitive pressures on EU firms as they attempt to respond to growing global competition.

European integration and unemployment

Symes, V. 1995: UNEMPLOYMENT IN EUROPE - PROBLEMS AND POLICIES. London and New York: Routledge, £40.00 cased, £12.99 paper.

Alogoskoufis et al 1995: UNEMPLOYMENT: CHOICES FOR EUROPE. Monitoring European Integration 5, London: Centre for Economic Policy Research, £10.00, paper.

Blanchard et al 1995: SPANISH UNEMPLOYMENT — IS THERE A SOLUTION? London: Centre for Economic Policy Research, £14.95, paper.

Coates, K. and Holland, S. 1995: FULL EMPLOYMENT FOR EUROPE — THE COMMISSION, THE COUNCIL AND THE DEBATE ON EMPLOYMENT IN THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT 1994-95. Nottingham: Spokesman for European Labour Forum, £9.99, paper.

Local Economy Policy Unit: CAN UNEMPLOYMENT BE CUT BY HALF BY 2000? A DISCUSSION STATEMENT PRESENTED BY THE BERLIN SENATE'S ADVISORY COUNCIL FOR LABOUR MARKET POLICY. London: Local Economic Policy Unit, £12.00, paper.     

一体化视野下的深港关系——由24小时通关对深港合作前景的展望

<正> 深圳皇岗口岸自1991年以来,曾经5次延长通关时间。自2001年12月1日始,中央批准皇岗、罗湖等口岸第四次“延关”,口岸关闸时间由原来的晚上11时30分延至零时,开闸时间由早上7时提前至6时半。仅仅过去了一年多,自2003年1月27日零时起,皇岗口岸旅检实行24/小时通关,至此,皇岗口岸成为全国所有口岸中唯一全天候通关的口岸,使深港之间的人流物流实现了全天候不间断的交流和往来,被媒体和专家们称为“深港合作的一个全新里程碑”,它将从更深层次、更全方位、更大范围地推动深港之间的经济合作和互惠互利,并使深港经济一体化的步履更加扎实、前景更加明朗。     

European Union enlargement: An historic milestone in the process of European integration

Ten European countries with economies in transition and two market economies are negotiating full membership with the European Union. This paper considers the economic dimension of the forthcoming enlargement of the European Union, especially on the characteristics of the economies in transition and on the economic implications of the enlargement for European Union agriculture. The transition of the central and eastern European countries from a centrally planned to a market economy, although already in progress for a decade, is far from complete. Uneven macroeconomic developments in the various countries can be attributed to some extent to their individual situation at the start of the transformation. However, they also reflect the varying extent to which institutional reform programs have been implemented in these countries.Distinguished Address presented at the Fifty-First International Atlantic Economic Conference, March 13–20, 2001, Athens, Greece.     

The degree of financial integration in the European community

Summary Firstly, this study discusses four different definitions of international capital mobility. Furthermore, a theoretical and empirical analysis of the quantity and the price approach to financial integration is given. The empirical analysis is confined to the member states of the European Community. With regard to the price approach a distinction is made between integration of money markets and that of capital markets. Finally, the study draws some general conclusions based on the empirical research.The authors are grateful to Alexander Italianer, Helen MacFarlane, Theo Nijman and two anonymous referees for valuable comments on an earlier version of this article. Of course, the usual disclaimer applies.     

国际纺织品贸易的“一体化进程”——以贸易规则与措施为视角

ATC第2条“一体化进程”条款是整个协议的核心内容，其具体要求是，在协议生效后的60天内，各成员方必须将其维持的《多种纤维协定》(以下简称MFA)项下的双边协定中的数量限制通知纺织品监督机构(TMB)，未通知的限制应立即取消；各方应按协议规定的比例逐年提高现行双边协议中的年配额增长率。     

The fundamental determinants of financial integration in the European Union

The Fundamental Determinants of Financial Integration in the European Union. — This paper focuses on the fundamental determinants of the degree of financial integration in the European Union over the period 1974–1993. Using closed interest rate differentials to measure the intensity of capital controls and applying a pooled cross-section time-series approach, the authors find realized inflation, government instability and gross fixed capital formation to have a strong and significantly positive effect on the intensity of capital export controls. In addition, they expect the influence of economic and financial market structure on closed interest rate differentials to increase in the future.     

Leyland Daf: A case of negative European integration

In February 1987 Daf, the privately owned Dutch truck maker, bought the British state-owned Leyland trucks and vans business. Almost five years to the day later, Leyland Daf went into liquidation. This report examines what went wrong and tells the story behind the 1987 deal. It will argue that the UK Government sold Leyland trucks to a parent company which had little to offer. This conclusion raises the crucial issues of how the British Government and the EC got us into this position and why both have done little to solve the regional problems they created.