Reaction of Bank Stock Prices to Loan-Loss Reserve Announcements

Significant own and contagious stock-price effects of bank LLR announcements exist despite the fact that these accounting adjustments have no concurrent cash-flow implications. Consistent with expected information effects, negative abnormal returns surrounding LLR announcements tend to be much more important in the case of regional as opposed to money-center banks. Accounting measures of bank soundness, and possibly regulatory pressure, appear to influence the market's assessment of LLR information for both announcing and nonannouncing banks.     

国际板建设的理论、制度和操作层面障碍

本文讨论了国际板建设涉及的三方面的理论问题,以及五个具体操作层面的问题。这三个方面的关系问题是国际板与香港国际金融中心的地位关系问题、国际板与外汇管理制度的关系问题以及国际板与国内板的关系问题。五个方面具体操作层面的问题包括国际板的保荐、发行和审批流程问题、国际板的招股书披露要求问题、国际板的适用财务准则问题、国际板的上市规则问题以及国际板的公司治理问题。     

The Role of Boards in the Failure and Turnaround of Non-Profit Organizations

This article reports on research that examined the role that boards play in the failure and turnaround of non-profit organizations. The article concludes that boards do often play an important hands-on role in turnaround, which is different from that described in much of the normative literature. As well as needing skills, such as leadership, those board members leading the change process need high levels of commitment, emotional resilience and a 'safe place' to formulate plans.     

信息化背景下中国企业会计职能拓展

会计职能的拓展往往以信息化建设作为实现路径。本文从信息化建设的基本定位、信息化建设方式和信息化运行等三个方面分别探讨了信息化条件下会计职能转型的具体特征,为会计职能拓展、强化公司管理决策的财务导向提供理论支持。     

Observing Chief Executives: Analysing Behaviour to Explore Cross-Sectoral Differences

This article is an exploration of the role of the chief executive and its relation to the political and environmental context. It draws on case studies of chief executives from the public, private and voluntary sectors, which looked at what chief executives do and how their role relates to the context in which they work. The author uses a comparative theoretical framework, which includes position, organization, environment and decision-making to highlight cross-sectoral differences. Comparative concepts are used to explain difference and variability in the chief executives' work. The article develops propositions about the nature of chief executives' work that could be tested in further studies.     

Acting in the public interest: accounting for the vulnerable

This article seeks to initiate research around the potential roles of the accounting profession for tackling the challenges of the vulnerable. Its backdrop is the current consideration of the profession’s public interest role. The importance of dialogue around the public interest role is evidenced by the increasing levels of vulnerability, even within developed countries. Accounting underpinned by broader values has potential to provide knowledge of issues relating to the vulnerable. However, the accounting profession has only engaged with such potential to a limited degree. The article overviews existing knowledge and areas within which more research is required. In order to illustrate the potential for such research, initial findings from two case studies of homelessness (an example of the vulnerable) provide evidence as to the importance, and challenges, of accounting for the vulnerable. This article highlights the need to: take a principles-based approach in defining the vulnerable, undertake an accounting that reflects the lives they value, acknowledge that there are different ways for addressing these issues, recognise that an absence of perfect numbers should not become a barrier to action, and that accounting for the vulnerable is one way that the accounting profession may discharge their public interest roles.     

管理决断权、财务柔性与企业技术创新

本文以2010-2018年沪深A股上市公司为研究对象,通过构建中介效应模型和有调节的中介效应模型,实证研究管理决断权对企业创新绩效的影响路径,以及CEO变更对管理决断权、财务柔性与企业创新绩效之间关系的调节效应。研究结果表明,提升管理层的管理决断权有助于促进创新绩效,而且财务柔性在管理决断权影响创新绩效过程中起不完全中介作用,存在"管理决断权水平高-→财务柔性水平高-→企业创新绩效高"的传导路径;CEO变更会正向调节财务柔性在管理决断权正向影响创新绩效中的中介效应,即存在有调节的中介效应。本文深化了管理决断权影响企业创新绩效的研究,对企业在CEO变更条件下建立和推动创新导向、增加研发投资以提升创新绩效具有重要的现实意义。     

Commitment in auditor–client relationships: antecedents and consequences

It has been pointed out that the construct of commitment plays a central role in business relationships. This article draws on the relationship marketing literature in order to construct a framework that can be used to investigate what motivates clients to continue their relationship with an audit firm. The results from an empirical study provide evidence for existence of a number of antecedents and consequences of commitment in auditor—client relationships. It is shown that particularly affective commitment plays an important role in these relationships.     

宏观经济不确定性与银行资产组合行为:1995～2009

本文研究了宏观经济不确定性在银行资产配置中所起的作用。论文首先构建了一个投资组合模型,论证了宏观经济不确定性与银行资产组合行为的理论关系。然后对我国银行业从1995年至2009年的两者关系作了实证分析,研究结果表明,宏观经济不确定性在银行的投资决策中有着显著影响,当宏观经济不确定性显著增加时,银行资产配置中的贷款份额下降,贷款/资产比率截面分布方差减小,出现羊群效应。     

From Member of the Company to Registered Auditor: The Role of the External Auditor in Corporate Governance

Corporate governance has often been defined in a narrow way as comprising 'the range of control mechanisms that protect and enhance the interests of shareholders of business enterprises' ( Fama and Jensen 1983 ). In the corporate governance literature there has also been a general focus on the structure and functioning of boards of directors and the responsibilities of audit committees in relation to external auditing ( Rosenstein and Wyatt 1990 ; Shleifer and Vishny 1997 ). This article looks at the evolution of the role of external auditing in corporate governance. The role of the external auditor has changed through time, and consequently it should not be assumed that the role of external auditing is fixed or that it cannot be changed to meet societal needs and expectations. This observation leads to the primary argument of our article, which is that the role of the external auditor in corporate governance ought to be expanded in order to enhance the effectiveness of corporate governance for the benefit of a wider spectrum of stakeholders and society generally.     

Travelling risks: How did nanotechnology become a risk in India and South Africa?

India and South Africa have invested in nanotechnology since the early 2000s and have identified risks to human health and the environment as an important issue for governance. This is exemplary for a wider trend in which ‘developing countries’ play an increasingly prominent role in the development, production and use of emerging technologies. This validates the claim of the world risk society thesis that countries around the world are now confronted with the risks of emerging technologies. Little is known, however, about the way developing countries deal with the potential risks of emerging technologies. Starting from the observation that the risk colonization of nanotechnology in developing countries cannot be taken for granted, this article draws upon the relational theory of risk in order to investigate how nanotechnology became understood as an object of risk in South Africa and India. The article shows that nanotechnology was constituted as an object of risk in rather different ways in India and South Africa, demonstrating that the spread of risk discourses – and the emergence of a world risk society – cannot be understood without attending to the local context. The article shows that way risk is understood and dealt with changes as risk discourses travel around the world, giving many different faces to the world risk society.     

社会角色视角下的高校辅导员胜任力研究

本文从辅导员的社会角色出发,分析了辅导员的角色定位和与角色相一致的胜任力问题,以社会角色扮演理论为基本点分析辅导员队伍建设的现状,提出"进入角色"是提升高校辅导员胜任力的途径,并有针对性地提出建立合理性的辅导员准入制度、专业化的辅导员培训体系和科学性辅导员考评机制的建议。高校辅导员是开展大学生思想政治教育的骨干力量,加强辅导员队伍建设要适应推进马克思主义大众化的时代要求和大学生全面发展的实际需要。     

贷款基础利率运行特征与影响

贷款基础利率（LPR）的推出是我国利率市场化的重要一步。LPR运行半年来,总体呈平稳单边上行走势,波动幅度较小,但与货币市场基准利率存在一定背离。文章分析指出,存贷款利率或额度管理、货币市场与信贷市场资金流通存在障碍是LPR与货币市场利率背离的主要原因;LPR缓慢上行主要受到银行存款贷款增速下滑的影响。文章从完善LPR报价模型、推广LPR在信贷产品中的运用等方面提出进一步发挥LPR基准作用的建议。     

The Errors in the Variables Problem in the Cross-Section of Expected Stock Returns

Recent research has documented the failure of market beta to capture the cross-section of expected returns within the context of a two-pass estimation methodology. However, the two-pass methodology suffers from the errors-in-variables (EIV) problem that could attenuate the apparent significance of market beta. This article provides a new correction for the EIV problem that is robust to conditional heteroscedasticity. After the correction, I find more support for the role of market beta and less support for the role of firm size in explaining the cross-section of expected returns. While the EIV correction leads to a diminished role of firm size, the size variable remains a significant force in explaining the cross-section of expected returns.     

Mortgage Default with Asymmetric Information

This article analyzes mortgage-market equilibrium when borrower default costs are private information. By applying the approach of Rothschild and Stiglitz (1976), it is shown that asymmetric information regarding default costs distorts the contract choices available in the mortgage market, preventing safe borrowers (those with high default costs) from fully satisfying their demand for mortgage debt. Large loans are available for a substantial interest-rate premium, but only risky borrowers find this premium worth paying. The article builds on an empirical literature designed to test the ruthless-default principle from option-based models of mortgage pricing. That literature provides evidence against ruthless behavior, suggesting that default costs play an important role in borrower decisions. The article takes a further step by arguing that such costs are private information, which has important implications for market equilibrium.     

The Ontario Securities Commission on Accounting and Auditing from the 1960s to 2008–Part 2: The First Four Chief Accountants, 1986–1996*

This article, Part 2 of a historical review and analysis of the Ontario Securities Commission (OSC), describes the role played by the first four Chief Accountants in the regulation of accounting and auditing from 1986 to 1996. Part 1 dealt with the period from the 1960s to 1985. Part 3 will treat the role played by the fifth Chief Accountant, from 1996 to 2008. As the principal Canadian stock exchange in recent times has been the Toronto Stock Exchange, the OSC has been the most important securities market regulator in Canada. Prior to this article, the academic and professional accounting literature has been largely barren on the OSC’s evolving role on accounting and auditing issues.     

New development: Breaking out or hanging on? Internal audit in government

Public audit is in transition. On the one hand, professional organizations claim it is time ‘to break out’ and develop new roles for auditors that ‘add more value’. On the other hand, critics are concerned about public sector accountability deficits necessitating more control and urging auditors to hold on to their traditional role. This article discusses tensions and relevance between these positions and their implications for auditing in government. The article will help policy-makers in their strategic decision-making on the role and focus of internal audit in government.     

Characteristics of banks that are more active in the swap market

The impact of swap-related risks on the safety and soundness of the banking system has been a topic of concern. This article provides evidence that some banks may have engaged in swaps as a means to generate income when their loan activities were constrained by the fixed capital requirements. However, the results also suggest that creditworthiness plays an important role. All money center banks (too-big-to-fail) and those nonmoney center banks that are highly rated by S&P experience higher swap demand and achieve higher swap market shares. This implies some market discipline for nonmoney center banks, which may compensate for risk-measurement inadequacies in the current risk-based capital requirements. On the other hand, the results suggest that greater oversight may be required for money center banks.This article was adapted from the dissertation the author completed at the Stern School of Business, New York University. Part of the work was completed while the author was an assistant professor at the School of Management, Syracuse University.Baruch College, City University of New York     

论国家审计的创新

本文试图从新形势、新任务、新阶段对国家审计提出的新要求入手,以浙江的审计实践为实证,提出加快审计创新的重点和基本框架,力求使国家审计机关更好地履行审计责任,更好地发挥国家审计整体性、效益性、宏观性和建设性的作用,为改革和发展的大局服务。     

Family ownership and productivity: the role of owner-management

This article analyses the relationship between family ownership and productivity, with special focus on the role of owner-management. The results show that family-owned firms are less productive than non-family-owned firms. This productivity gap is, however, explained by differences in management regime. Family-owned firms managed by a person hired outside the owner family are equally productive as non-family-owned firms, while family-owned firms managed by a person from the owner family are significantly less productive. This finding is sustained after controlling for endogeneity of management regime.