国有纺织经济微观机制再构造的研究

纺织工业贯彻党的十五届四中全会通过的《决定》,最根本的是要充分认识“国有企业改革是整个经济体制改革的中心环节”,其关键是国有经济微观机制的再构造。在国有经济形成新的微观基础过程中,重新发挥基础性作用。     

China’s textile and garment industry productivity 14 times the U.S.

Chinese Academy of Social Sciences released the "China Industry Competitiveness Report(2012) NO.2",Guo Chaoxian,deputy director of Industrial Organization Office of Academy of Social Sciences Institute of Industrial Economics,said that textile     

汪丽娟:从行业而及天下

河北保定依棉集团是以保定一棉纺织集团有限公司为基础,通过兼并、收购.直接投资等多种形式逐渐发展起来的,以纺织为主业的大型产业集团.厚重历史积累和近几年对内部结构、经营战略的不断调整,使依棉逐步发展成为行业内负有盛名的纺织品、服装供应商.集团现有总资产7.9亿元,纱锭1 3万枚,织机3580台,在职职工9051人,纱、布、时尚服装、服饰产品在国内外市场深受欢迎,年销售收入达5.6亿元.     

Restructuring in the West Midlands'clothing industry

This article reviews the flexible specialisation debate in the context of the clothing industry in the West Midlands. It questions the central importance given to the introduction of technology in the recent restructuring of the industry and argues that such changes do not necessarily benefit the workforce.     

Restructuring the US telecommunications industry: Impact on innovation

Plans for restructuring the US telecommunications corporation, AT & T have been discussed recently. The fear has been expressed that such restructuring would be harmful to innovation and technical progress in the industry, and hence ultimately harmful to the USA. This article addresses that question in the context of proposed legislative changes to the 1934 Communications Act. Existing economic evidence suggests that these fears are unfounded. Arguments relating to firm size (the ‘Schumpeterian hypothesis’), concentrated industry structure, and regulation suggest that the proposed changes would increase rather than decrease innovative activity.     

Information and communication technology in the real estate industry: productivity,industry structure and market efficiency

This survey of changes in the real estate industry due to information and communication technology (ICT) covers three areas: (a) A brief survey of ICT applications in the property industry, (b) speculation about implications for market structure and productivity within the real estate industry, and (c) comments on the wider macroeconomic implications of these changes. Improvements in information and productivity may lead to important long-run changes in business processes and industry structure tending to favour larger firms and promoting specialization of functions. Changing the information structure of real estate decision systems could change system dynamics and improve allocative efficiency. On the other hand, under different institutional arrangements, better information could increase the amplitude of real estate cycles and destabilize economies.     

Trust-opportunism paradox,relationalism, and performance in interfirm relationships: evidence from the retail industry

Building on recent theoretical work documenting that interorganizational relationships (IORs) are ‘multifaceted and multiplex’ we investigate, from the agent's perspective, the joint effects of trust and opportunism in fostering (or inhibiting) relationalism, which, in turn, is predicted to influence performance within interfirm exchange relationships. Based on longitudinal survey data on 409 catalog intermediaries affiliated with a large retail firm, we found strong support for most of the hypothesized relationships. Implications for future research are offered. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Testing dynamic oligopolistic interaction: evidence from the semiconductor industry

The objective of this paper is to test whether firms in the dynamic random access memory (DRAM) industry take the intertemporal strategic effect of their contemporaneous output decision on their rivals’ future output decision into account or whether they precommit themselves to a production plan. Learning-by-doing and spillovers are present in this industry and introduce an intertemporal component to firms’ strategies. A simplified version of Jarmin's [RAND J. Econ. 250 (1994) 441] dynamic oligopolistic model is applied to firm-level data. Demand and pricing relations for five DRAM generations are estimated. The empirical results show that firms behave strategically and price–cost margins are likely overestimated in a precommitment specification.     

Exploring the relationship between farm size and productivity: Evidence from the Australian grains industry

The effect of farm size on productivity remains to be one of the longest standing debates in the agricultural development literature. In this paper, we use farm level data for the Australian grains industry from 1989 to 2004 to investigate the relationship between farm size and total factor productivity and its potential determinants. We show that a positive farm-size productivity relationship could be linked to farmer capital choice. In particular, the productivity advantage of larger farms is likely to diminish as farms use contract services to replace self–owned capital, suggesting that the hire of capital services (hereafter ‘capital outsourcing’) may lift the productivity level of small farms compared to their larger counterparts.     

New technologies, employment shifts and gender divisions within the textile industry

This article examines the implications of the restructuring of the textile industry. In particular, the interlinked themes of technical change, employment restructuring and gender divisions are explored. The tensions which exist between production process and labour process transformations are considered, and a possible policy framework is offered.     

The IT productivity paradox-evidence from the UK retail banking industry

This article addresses causes of the so-called 'information technology productivity paradox' in the context of UK retail banks. It investigates why massive investments by retail banks in information technology are not being translated into significant productivity gains, given that sucessful implementation of new technology is particularly important in increasingly competitive banking environments.     

Strategy and industry effects on profitability: evidence from Greece

The present study examines the impact of firm and industry‐specific factors on profitability, using census data on Greek manufacturing. At the firm level, particular attention is given to strategy effects. Based on a modification of Porter's typology, these effects are captured through different forms of both ‘pure’ and ‘hybrid’ strategies. Industry effects are represented using industry concentration, entry barriers, and growth. Hypotheses are developed taking into account both previous research and the particular idiosyncrasies of the national context. The results obtained provide important insights on specific determinants of firm profitability. With respect to strategy, results confirm the hypothesis that hybrid strategies are clearly preferable compared to pure ones. In addition, it was found that the more generic strategy dimensions are included in the strategy mix, the more profitable the strategy is, provided that one of the key ingredients is low cost. Industry‐level effects, although weaker, show strong impact of industry entry barriers. Moreover, the findings suggest that while both sets of factors significantly contribute to firm profitability, firm‐specific factors explain more than twice as much profit variability as industry factors. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

天津纺织走出沼泽地

<中国纺织>:天津作为一个老的纺织基地,经过了辉煌,也经历了困难生存,现在面临一个发展的机遇,在这样一个环境中,今后的发展的基本思路,您能否给我们描述一下吗?它又是立足于这样一个大的都市,怎样去调整?     

Multi-market contact and competition: evidence from the Depression-era portland cement industry

Theoretical work has suggested that contact between firms in different markets can facilitate tacit collusion. Empirical work on this link has been limited. We address the paucity of empirical evidence with a novel plant-level dataset for the cement industry during the Great Depression. We find that multi-market contact fosters tacit collusion and higher prices based on a new measure of contact that accounts for capacity utilization. A one standard deviation increase in our measure of contact increases prices by around 4.3%. We then examine the effect of the National Industrial Recovery Act's “Codes of Fair Conduct,” introduced in 1933 to stem deflation through cooperative behavior within industries. We find that the effects of the codes were most strongly felt in markets with the highest level of multi-market contact. This suggests that multi-market contact can be a useful ‘tool’ for firms to support collusive outcomes, tacit or otherwise.     

从行业出发 贯彻五个统筹

党的十六届三中全会提出,完善社会主义市场经济体制要贯彻″五个统筹″,即统筹城乡发展、统筹区域发展、统筹经济社会发展、统筹人与自然和谐发展、统筹国内发展和对外开放.″五个统筹"为我国经济树立了全面、协调、可持续的科学发展观.对照行业,我们认为,纺织作为传统支柱行业,在进入新的历史时期,同样要用科学的发展观来引导自身的发展,以达到全面、协调、可持续发展.     

成长的烦恼——浙江纺织深陷电荒

缺电并非一日之忧 从2003年6月起,全国范围内出现电力供应紧张,部分地区陆续开始拉闸限电.在电力供需形势较为紧迫的21个省份中,浙江省缺电最为严重.这个近年来以其强劲的发展势头和良好的运行绩效引起国内外广泛关注的省份.也因其高带的发展变成了电荒困难户.没有电,浙江的发展开始受到制约.     

Control,collaboration, and productivity in international joint ventures: theory and evidence

This study analyzes the following unresolved questions: In international joint ventures (IJVs) in a developing country, how could different IJV structures address control and collaboration considerations, and what is the likely effect of such different structures on IJV productivity? Theoretically, we suggest that the ambiguity surrounding these questions reflects the tendency of researchers to view control and collaboration as opposing objectives, studying one or the other; in contrast, we provide a more integrative perspective that blends the two objectives, focusing on common underlying issues relating to enhancing partner commitment, ensuring partner knowledge contributions, and reducing partner risks. We address the most salient design consideration for IJV partners, that is, IJV ownership structure, to posit that joint consideration of the control benefit of a higher foreign ownership level in IJVs and the collaboration benefit of a more balanced IJV ownership structure results in an expected inverted U‐curve relationship between foreign ownership and IJV productivity. Additionally, we posit and test how three environmental contingencies, by affecting the need for control and collaboration in IJVs, would further influence the specific shape of the inverted U‐curve relationship. We find strong support for our theory using an extensive longitudinal dataset of over 5,000 IJVs in China from 1999–2003. We discuss the value of our approach and findings both for researchers and for IJV partners seeking the dual benefits of control and collaboration. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Innovation,R&D productivity,and global market share in the pharmaceutical industry

In this paper, we estimate two empirical models using a pooled, cross-section sample of international pharmaceutical firms for the period 1987 to 1989. The first model tests the relationship between R&D productivity and a vector of firm-specific characteristics. The second model tests the determinants of global market share. The empirical analysis reveals three findings. First, we find evidence that there are diminishing returns in the pharmaceutical R&D process. Second, we find that firm size has a positive effect on average R&D productivity and a positive impact on the marginal R&D productivity for plausible R&D staff sizes. And third, we find evidence that R&D productivity and the number of sales employees have a positive effect on the firm's global market share.The views presented in this paper reflect those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the U.S. International Trade Commission or any of its individual commissioners. We thank William Comanor, Daniel Gropper, Daniel Hamermesh, Susan Pozo, Paul Thistle, and Mark Wheeler for their comments and suggestions on an earlier draft of this paper. We assume all responsibility for any errors contained herein.     

Flexible specialisation: some comparative dimensions and evidence from the ceramic tile industry

Research that questions the general validity of flexible specialisation can be supplemented by an example that is, paradoxically, frequently used as a supporting example: ceramic tile production. This article examines some comparative evidence and concludes that support is illusory and all too often based on the same weak original data, while there are actually more robust indications of moves towards classical mass production.     

Political capabilities,policy risk,and international investment strategy: evidence from the global electric power generation industry

Whereas conventional wisdom holds that multinational enterprises (MNEs) invest less in host countries that pose greater policy risk—the risk that a government will opportunistically alter policies to expropriate an investing firm's profits or assets—we argue that MNEs vary in their response to host‐country policy risk as a result of differences in organizational capabilities for assessing such risk and managing the policy‐making process. We hypothesize that firms from home countries characterized by weaker institutional constraints on policy makers or greater redistributive pressures associated with political rent seeking will be less sensitive to host‐country policy risk in their international expansion strategies. Moreover, firms from home countries characterized by sufficiently weak institutional constraints or sufficiently strong redistributive pressures will seek out riskier host countries for their international investments to leverage their political capabilities, which permit them to attain and defend attractive positions or industry structures. We find support for our hypotheses in a statistical analysis of the foreign direct investment location choices of MNEs in the electric power generation industry during the period 1990–1999, the industry's first decade of internationalization. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.