关于城市治理的理论与实践

我国亟待建立一个符合国情的城市综合治理的理论体系 ,这将对我国城市的高质量发展具有深刻的现实意义。文章探讨了恒常综合治理、临时综合治理与专项治理的关系 ,并提出城市综合治理的基本要求 ,即 ,规范教育预防与依法严治相结合、法治与德治相结合以及国际对接、国际认证与中国国情相结合。     

Applied cointegration analysis in the mirror of macroeconomic theory

Cointegration analyses of macroeconomic time series are often not based on fully specified theoretical models. We use a theoretical model to scrutinize common procedures in applied cointegration analysis. Monte Carlo experiments show that (1) some tests of the cointegration vectors do not work well on series generated by an equilibrium business cycle model; (2) cointegration restrictions add little to forecasting; (3) structural VAR models based on weak long-run restrictions seem to work well. The main disadvantages of cointegration analysis without strong links to economic theory are that it makes it hard to estimate and interpret the cointegration vectors.     

The method of endogenous gridpoints in theory and practice

The method of endogenous gridpoints (ENDG) significantly speeds up the solution to dynamic stochastic optimization problems with continuous state and control variables by avoiding repeated computations of expected outcomes while searching for optimal policy functions. I provide an interpolation technique for non-rectilinear grids that allow ENDG to be used in n-dimensional problems in an intuitive and computationally efficient way: the acceleration of ENDG with non-linear grid interpolation is nearly constant in the density of the grid. Further, ENDG has only been shown by example and has never been formally characterized. Using a theoretical framework for dynamic stochastic optimization problems, I formalize the method of endogenous gridpoints and present conditions for the class of models for which it can be used.     

Asymptotic theory and econometric practice

The classical paradigm of asymptotic theory employed in econometrics presumes that model dimensionality, p, is fixed as sample size, n, tends to inifinity. Is this a plausible meta-model of econometric model building? To investigate this question empirically, several meta-models of cross- sectional wage equation models are estimated and it is concluded that in the wage-equation literature at least that p increases with n roughly like n ^l/4, while that hypothesis of fixed model dimensionality of the classical asymptotic paradigm is decisively rejected. The recent theoretical literature on ‘large-p’ asymptotics is then very briefly surveyed, and it is argued that a new paradigm for asymptotic theory has already emerged which explicitly permits p to grow with n. These results offer some guidance to econometric model builders in assessing the validity of standard asymptotic confidence regions and test statistics, and may eventually yield useful correction factors to conventional test procedures when p is non-negligible relative to n.     

The under-utilization of human resources in industrial relations theory and practice

Industrial relations, as a theoretical and practical system of work arrangements between employees, unions, management and governments, have come under substantial pressure in recent decades, but neither theory nor practice has fully adjusted to the new circumstances. The article describes the changing conditions in relation to one aspect of the industrial relations (IR) system, namely influence and power sharing outside the sphere of collective bargaining. The analysis is based on two theoretical models derived from an accumulation of social science research evidence since the 1960s and further supported by recent comparative studies of countries with significant different IR philosophies.

The application of the human resources and motivated competence models to IR leads to the conclusion that long-term interests of employees and management as well as governments are best served by having a dual system of influence and power sharing, only one of which is adversarial.     

The fusion of privilege and power: ESOPs in theory and practice

The heart of this paper is an examination of the rights of employees, owners, and the corporation. The modern corporation is characterized by the conflict that ensues when ownership and control are independent. Employee stock ownership plans (ESOPs), in theory, serve to realign these disparate interests between the owners and managers of the firm. This article will explore the mechanisms by which ESOPs serve to empower those who possess ownership rights in the corporation. The application of trusteeship theory serves to explain the agency problem that may arise when managers serve as both trustee and beneficiary. Workplace, ownership, and corporate rights are integrated into a stakeholder perspective of rights conflicts.     

我国城市群经济整合的理论与实践

文章基于区域经济发展和城市群发展两个视角分别从经济全球化、区域经济发展、区域分工与合作、城市群内部的产业集聚与扩散、城市群内部的企业扩张和内部的网络化组织的促进作用等几个方面就城市群经济整合进行了理论上的阐述论证.最后,论文从城市群内部的产业整合、市场整合、基础设施整合和区域协调机制的建立等四个方面进行城市群经济整合实证方面的研究.     

Remaining useful life in theory and practice

Remaining useful life (RUL) is nowadays in fashion, both in theory and applications. Engineers use it mostly when they have to decide whether to do maintenance, or to delay it, due to production requirements. Most often, it is assumed that in later life of an equipment (in wear-out period), the hazard function is increasing, and then the expected RUL, μ(t), is decreasing. We noticed that the standard deviation of RUL, σ(t), is also decreasing, which was expected and known, but that the ratio σ(t)/μ(t) is also increasing, which was a surprise. Initiated by this observation, we have proved that under some general conditions, which include Weibull distribution with shape parameter  > 1, this is indeed the case. Even more, we have proved that the limiting distribution of standardized RUL is exponential, so that the variability of RUL is relatively large. The role of condition monitoring in the evaluation of RUL is discussed. Various models for RUL depending on covariates are considered.     

Public advisory services - theory and practice

Public advisory service to SMEs is a multibillion pound activity throughout the industrialized world. Yet very little research has been done on the theoretical basis for this field. This paper proposes some elements in a theoretical understanding of the rationale behind public measures. The authors argue that public intervention should be considered at two levels, as a public market intervention and as a consultant-client relation at the micro level. At the market intervention level, public advisory service is seen in the perspective of economic theory, comparing neo-classical and neo-Austrian theory. Two different kinds of services are identified and discussed: operational and strategic. At a micro level, the concepts of client identity and clientifying power relations serve to understand the small business manager's way of responding to services. In combining both levels - the market perspective and the micro level - it is argued that the neo-classical theory is connected to operational/expert services and objectifying power technologies. The neo-Austrian theory corresponds with the empirical findings at the micro level showing strategic services embedded in a subjectifying power technology. With the neo-Austrian perspective the rather symmetrical relations between client and consultant at the micro level is comprehensible.     

Final Offer Arbitration in theory and practice

This article examines the theoretical foundations of Final Offer Arbitration (FOA). The use of arbitration in Britain is compared with other types of third party intervention, and the strengths and weaknesses of FOA are critically examined and compared with conventional arbitration. It is concluded that FOA has much to commend it, both in theory and in practice, and is particularly suitable for ‘disputes of interest’.     

浅谈税收筹划的理论及实践

随着我国加入WTO组织,国际经济一体化的趋势愈来愈明显,企业纷纷制定了自己的中长期战略发展目标,通过改善财务状况、增加经济效益来提升企业的核心竞争力,这一切都离不开企业加强内部管理。而税收筹划正是近年来从国外引入、对企业来说愈来愈重要的内部管理手段。本文旨在通过对税收筹划原则、策略、存在问题及对策的论述,抛砖引玉,给企业以启迪。     

Exploring PMOs through community of practice theory

This article explores project management offices (PMOs) through community of practice theory. Preliminary results from a national health care case study are used to confirm the legitimacy of this approach. Today's knowledge‐based economy calls for mechanisms to share knowledge. The issue of making more with less is at stake in order to reuse good practices, support innovative practice, and prevent the reinvention of the wheel. Members of these communities are at the heart of the learning process. The originality of this research is that it sheds light on PMOs in a new theoretical perspective within the field of knowledge management.