共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
We test the existence of an endogenous relationship between well-being and employment for US individuals. To that end, we
use a simultaneous equation generalized Probit model applied to four recent waves of the National Health Interview Survey
(1997–2000). Our results do not enable us to accept the hypothesis that there is a significant effect from employment status
to subjective well-being. In contrast, we provide evidence that suggest that well-being is positively correlated to the probability
of having a job.
相似文献
Rosa DuarteEmail: |
2.
Do Patent Protection and Technology Transfer Facilitate R&D in Developed and Emerging Countries? A Semiparametric Study 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper examines if patent protection and technology transfer facilitate R&D in a sample that includes both developed and
emerging countries. A semiparametric model is used to estimate the relevant parameters using country level data from 21 countries,
of which six are emerging, for the period 1981–1997. The results suggest thresholds in patent protection and technology transfer:
patent protection has a positive effect which weakens at high levels of protection, and FDI has a positive effect only if
the country depends heavily on FDI.
相似文献
Debasri MukherjeeEmail: |
3.
This paper utilizes calculated historical volatility and GARCH models to compare the historical price volatility behavior
of crude oil, motor gasoline and heating oil in U.S. markets since 1990. We incorporate a shift variable in the GARCH/TARCH
models to capture the response of price volatility to a change in OPEC’s pricing behavior. This study has three major conclusions.
First, there was an increase in volatility as a result of a structural shift to higher crude oil prices after April 1999.
Second, volatility shocks from current news are not important since GARCH effects dominate ARCH effects in the variance equation.
Third, persistence of volatility in all commodity markets is quite transitory, with half-lives normally being a few weeks.
相似文献
Thomas K. LeeEmail: |
4.
In recent years, Europe has witnessed an accelerated process of economic integration. This paper analyzes how increased economic
integration has affected labor and product markets. We use a panel of Belgian manufacturing firms to estimate price-cost margins
and union bargaining power and show how various measures of globalization affect them. Import competition puts pressure on
both markups and union bargaining power, especially when there is increased competition from low wage countries. This suggests
that increased globalization is associated with a moderation of wage claims in unionized countries, which should be associated
with positive effects on employment.
相似文献
Stijn VanormelingenEmail: |
5.
Martyn Andrews Lutz Bellmann Thorsten Schank Richard Upward 《Review of World Economics》2009,145(2):293-317
We provide the first estimates of the effect of foreign ownership on wages in Germany, controlling for the observed and unobserved
characteristics of workers and plants. We also test whether the wage gains from joining a foreign-owned firm are subsequently
lost when leaving that firm, and we examine whether wage gains vary across the sample. We find large selection effects in
terms of worker and plant components of wages. Once the selection effect is taken into account, the takeover effect is small
and in some cases insignificantly different from zero.
相似文献
Richard UpwardEmail: |
6.
The NLSY dataset is utilized to measure the extent of employer wage discrimination between white and black males during their
first 5 years of post-school employment. We look at the respondent’s first job and the jobs 1 and 5 years after school completion.
Oaxaca wage decompositions are employed to gauge the effect of discrimination. Consistent with our hypothesis, we find that
the discrimination component of the wage gap falls over time. For the first job out of school the unexplained wage gap between
blacks and whites is 35%. By year 5, the unexplained component falls to about 13%. Thus, while discrimination continues to
play a role in explaining the white–black wage gap over time, its impact decreases as time in the labor market increases.
相似文献
Francesco RennaEmail: |
7.
In this paper we provide a characterization of international consumption risk sharing among a sample of OECD countries based
on panel cointegration and error-correction techniques. Our results indicate that around 30% of idiosyncratic consumption
risks are shared in the short run. In the long run, however, only about 10% of idiosyncratic consumption risks are shared
internationally. In addition, we find that countries characterized by relatively high foreign asset and liability positions
are less exposed to shocks. Moreover, the time it takes until idiosyncratic shocks exert their full impact on consumption
crucially depends on the foreign asset and liability position.
相似文献
Johann Scharler (Corresponding author)Email: |
8.
John Baffoe-Bonnie 《Atlantic Economic Journal》2009,37(1):1-16
This paper simultaneously incorporates two sources of selection bias in the black-white wage equations. It demonstrates that
the biases due to an individual’s propensity to be in the labor force and the firm’s hiring practices are important in determining
the black–white wage differential and failure to account for both biases will result in inaccurate estimation of the black–white
wage differential. We found that adjusting for double selection bias in the wage equation, the black–white female wage gap
is 26% larger than the black–white male wage gap, and 12.1% larger when we adjust for a single selection bias. The results
seem to suggest that at the macro level, the enforcement of policies related to racial issues in the labor market will likely
lead to a reduction in the black–white wage gap.
相似文献
John Baffoe-BonnieEmail: |
9.
We analyze the role of fiscal-monetary policy interactions and fiscal coordination in EMU under the assumption of strategic
wage setting in unionized labour markets. We find that production subsidies and real wage distortions are strategic complements.
The literature on macroeconomic stabilisation policies and policy games usually neglects this point and reaches overoptimistic
conclusions about the desirable effects of accommodating fiscal policies. Central bank preferences also affect the desirability
of fiscal coordination in a monetary union. In fact, contrary to Beetsma and Bovenberg (1998), we find that fiscal coordination improves outcomes in the case of a conservative central banker, whereas it leads to worse
outcomes with a populist one.
相似文献
Patrizio TirelliEmail: |
10.
Arslan Razmi 《Review of World Economics》2009,145(2):361-372
Using simple, modified versions of the factor proportions framework, and focusing on structural features within developing economies, this paper attempts to reconcile puzzling developments observed in many post-reform, post-liberalization
countries whereby increasing income inequality has emerged side-by-side with informalization of the economy. Measures undertaken
to enhance public sector efficiency and attract investment in an import-intensive export sector may increase rental–wage and
skilled–unskilled wage gaps, contra the predictions of the simple Heckscher–Ohlin–Stolper–Samuelson (HOSS) framework regarding
skill- and capital-scarce countries. The common thread generating our interesting results is the presence of sectors that
are even more labor-intensive than those producing traded goods.
相似文献
Arslan RazmiEmail: |
11.
12.
Yifan Hu 《International Economics and Economic Policy》2006,3(1):27-42
A growing number of countries have anchored their monetary policy to an explicit numerical rate or range of inflation since
such an inflation targeting framework was first adopted by New Zealand in 1989. This paper empirically investigates economic
structure and institutional factors associated with a country’s choice of inflation targeting using a dataset of 66 countries
for the period of 1980–2000. It is found that a sound fiscal position is significantly and positively associated with the
choice of inflation targeting framework; the central bank is more likely to adopt inflation targeting with greater financial
depth; institutional capacity including central bank autonomy and flexible exchange rate regime is important for the choice
of inflation targeting.
相似文献
Yifan HuEmail: |
13.
In the past, economic policy has largely adopted a sectoral approach to technology-related unemployment. More recently though,
wage subsidies have gained attention as an alternative means of reemployment, with the dispute on how best to cope with unemployment
still unsettled. However, despite the fact that results may differ, research mostly assumed a closed-economy setting. Based
on a HOS model with factor-augmenting technical change and labor-market rigidities, the paper examines the differences of
these two subsidization schemes on output and employment. Since both schemes work through different channels, namely the demand
versus the supply side, effects differ not only in magnitude. The paper includes a comparative calibration exercise for the
case of Germany.
相似文献
Daniel HorgosEmail: |
14.
Sowing the seeds for the subprime crisis: does global liquidity matter for housing and other asset prices? 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ansgar Belke Walter Orth Ralph SetzerJr. 《International Economics and Economic Policy》2008,5(4):403-424
We assess the relationship between global liquidity and two important classes of asset prices on a global scale. For this
purpose, we estimate a variety of VAR models for the global economy using aggregated data which represent the major OECD countries.
According to the impulse responses obtained a positive shock to global liquidity raises the global house price index and later
on via commodity prices also the global GDP deflator to the same extent. Hence, we conclude that there are subsequent spill-over
effects from house prices to the overall price level. However, we are not able to find any empirical evidence in favor of
the hypothesis that stock prices significantly react to changes in global liquidity.
相似文献
Ralph Setzer Jr.Email: |
15.
Non-traded Goods,Technical Progress and Wages 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
We use a general equilibrium model of trade to show that technical improvement may indeed cause a fall in the wages of unskilled
workers. Under some modest conditions, the wages of skilled workers may go down too.
相似文献
Reza OladiEmail: |
16.
The paper investigates the link between monetary policy and structural reforms in open economies. We test three hypotheses:
(a) the Calmfors hypothesis that the degree of reforms is higher in the case of autonomous policy and lower in the case of
commitment, (b) the TINA hypothesis which implies a positive impact of a monetary policy rule on the extent of reforms, and
(c) a third factors hypothesis. In our empirical analysis on panel data of 23 OECD countries from 1980–2000 we find little
evidence for the Calmfors hypothesis, but evidence in favor of the TINA argument for labor market and regulatory reform.
相似文献
Ansgar BelkeEmail: |
17.
It has frequently been noted in the wage bargaining literature that increasing average labour taxes may in fact be over-shifted
in the pre-tax wage that is negotiated between unions and firms, raising workers post-tax wages. In this paper, we study the
precise conditions for such tax over-shifting to occur under both Nash and Right-To-Manage bargaining structures, and considering
both competitive and imperfectly competitive output market conditions. In the case of competitive output markets, we derive
and interpret the conditions for over-shifting to occur and show that they hold for an entire class of commonly used production
functions. Moreover, under monopolistically competitive output markets we show that tax over-shifting will occur when the
firm has sufficient market power. The conditions on the production function, that were necessary and sufficient for tax over-shifting
to occur under perfect competition, are shown to be no longer necessary. These findings hold for all bargaining structures
considered.
相似文献
Bruno De BorgerEmail: |
18.
Policy coordination in East Asia and across the Pacific 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
In this paper, we construct a macro-econometric model that describes the economic activity in the Asia-Pacific area and provide
quantitative insights into the recent policy debates on monetary and currency coordination among the East Asian economies.
The model includes a wide variety of monetary and currency policy rules that the East Asian economies adopt and allows for
one country's policymaking to have substantial effects on foreign countries. We apply the model to three current policy issues:
(1) the desirability of currency basket pegs in East Asia, (2) the anticipated effects of China's currency policy reform,
and (3) the non-negativity constraint on Japanese nominal interest rates. The simulation analyses show the external economy
effects of policy rules quantitatively and suggest the difficulty of monetary and currency policy coordination among the East
Asian economies.
相似文献
Koichiro Kamada (Corresponding author)Email: |
Izumi TakagawaEmail: |
19.
This paper estimates forward-looking and forecast-based Taylor rules for France, Germany, Italy, and the euro area. Performing
extensive tests for over-identifying restrictions and instrument relevance, we find that asset prices can be highly relevant
as instruments in policy rules. While asset prices improve Taylor rule estimates, different assets prove most relevant across
countries and this result could be seen as complicating the tasks of the European Central Bank. Encompassing tests show that
forecast-based outperform forward-looking Taylor rules. A policy implication is that central banks ought to release their
own forecasts and the basis upon which they are generated.
相似文献
Martin T. BohlEmail: |
20.
James Peoples 《The Review of Black Political Economy》2009,36(1):1-6
Efforts by public and private institutions to increase the number of minorities participating in graduate economics programs
has contributed to a growing supply of Ph. D. trained minority economists. However, minorities are still under-represented
as faculty members in economics departments. This presidential address explores whether the concentration of minorities in
a few fields of specialization creates a demand-supply mismatch for these individuals.
相似文献
James PeoplesEmail: |