国际货币危机理论综述

随着国际货币危机的频繁发生,国际货币危机理论也日趋活跃。这类理论主要集中在对国际货币危机产生的原因和传染机制两方面进行解释。文章首先介绍了解释国际货币危机产生原因的三代理论模型,然后概括了有关货币危机国际传染机制的相关理论和模型,最后综合分析了现有货币危机理论的意义和存在的问题,以期对以后的理论研究有所帮助。     

防治货币危机的政策措施

本文对预防与应对货币危机的各种政策措施进行探讨。货币危机发生的原因是多方面的 ,其对经济的发展具有诸多不利的影响。要预防货币危机 ,良好的经济基础是根本的保障 ,市场参与者的信心同样是重要的。应急性政策措施必须与基础性政策措施相结合 ,才能消除危机。     

基于第三代货币危机理论对中国经济的简要研究

20世纪70年代以来,货币危机频繁发生引起了人们对货币危机问题的持续关注。而作为目前极具世界影响力的经济大国,中国在未来是否会爆发经济危机也成为国内外研究的热点。本文就第三代货币危机理论对目前中国经济状况进行分析,提出了未来我国存在货币危机爆发的可能性,并由此提出了防范危机的措施。     

中国货币供给规模的实证检验——基于改进的第一代货币危机模型分析

我国货币供给、国内信贷与外汇储备增加之间在大多数年份保持一定的均衡关系.但在少数年份,货币供给也出现不足或超额现象.因此,我国在货币投放的时候,需要全面考虑货币供给、国内信贷与外汇储备增加之间的关系,在继续保持货币供给正常增长的同时,改善货币供应结构,提高货币政策的有效性,增加有效货币供给.     

理性政府下的货币危机及其传染

在理性政府的假设下，货币危机均衡具有多重性、唯一性以及传染性。在货币投机攻击成本和收益固定的模型中，经济基本面处于危机区时，基本面的不确定性并不能消除多重均衡；当货币投机攻击成本和收益都与经济基本面相关时，不管是静态模型还是动态模型，货币危机的均衡都是唯一的。而当其他国家的货币贬值时，本国维持固定汇率的收益和放弃固定汇率的信誉损失均下降，致使本国政府倾向于放弃固定汇率。     

现代货币危机理论的演进及其发展趋势

现代货币危机理论经历了三个阶段,也形成了三代货币危机模型,虽然三代货币危机模型都从不同的角度回答了货币危机的发生,传导等问题,但关于这方面的研究还远不足三代货币危机理论所能解决的,其发展趋势至少还包括六个方面的问题。     

货币危机理论文献综述

货币危机理论主要研究货币危机得以爆发的动因和根源、危机的特点、以及危机防范措施。自克鲁格曼（1979）以来,货币危机理论经历了两代的发展,第一代理论将危机根源归咎于政策非一致性,而第二代理论则认为危机是由汇率预期的自我实现性所致。莫瑞斯和金（1998）考察不完全信息条件下的货币危机问题,构建了基于全局博弈的货币危机理论,深入分析货币危机的微观逻辑,从而开辟了全新局面。     

货币危机理论评析

对投机者攻击一国的货币导致固定汇率体系解体的机理,理论界提出了货币危机的第一代模型、道德风险模型,货币危机的第二代模型,流动性危机模型和货币危机的羊群行为模型第五种最有影响的理论解释,前两种理论认为货币危机是由危机发生国实际经济恶化引发的,后三种解释则认为这是一咱与实际经济无关的多重均衡现象,这几种理论都是具体针对过去几十年中在拉美,特别是欧洲和亚洲爆发的货币危机而提出的,这些理论很好地对每一个具     

Financial Crisis,Capital Outflows,and Policy Responses: Examples from East Asia

Financial crises seem to have become the norm rather than the exception since 1992. The author examines the impact of a crisis of confidence and resultant capital outflows from a small and open economy and the possible policy options in response to such outflows, using simple tools and definitions that will be familiar to any money and banking or intermediate macroeconomics student. Examples are drawn from the East Asian crisis of 1997-98 (Indonesia, Korea, Malaysia, and Thailand), although the analysis remains pertinent to emerging economies in general.     

The Keynesian Features of Graziani's Monetary Theory of Production and Some Unresolved Issues

Abstract

The aim of this article is twofold. First, it seeks to verify the elements of affinity between Graziani's approach to the Monetary Theory of Production and Keynes’ Treatise on Money and his General Theory. It is shown that two important theoretical elements, from the Treatise on Money, enter Graziani's basic schema, namely the view of endogenous money supply and the distribution process. At the same time, uncertainty and aggregate demand—conceived as a crucial variable in the General Theory—can play a significant role in the basic schema of the Monetary Theory of Production. Second, the article sets out a critical reconstruction of Graziani's basic schema emphasising the existence of ‘open issues’– such as bank behaviour and the ‘paradox of profits’—relating to internal and external inconsistencies.     

货币政策中介目标选择的理论研究与实践

货币政策中介目标在货币政策传导机制中处于非常关键的位置,货币政策中介目标的选择在理论和实践中都是一个十分重要的问题。本文讨论了货币政策中介目标的选择标准,货币政策中介目标选择的理论,然后通过对国外中介目标选择实践的考察,分析了中国中介目标选择的理论争论和实践,最后讨论了一国货币政策中介目标的选择主要应考虑的几个因素。     

The 2014–15 Financial Crisis in Russia and the Foundations of Weak Monetary Power Autonomy in the International Political Economy

ABSTRACT

This article contributes to international political economy debates about the monetary power autonomy (MPA) of emerging market and developing countries (EMDs). The 2014–15 Russian financial crisis is used as a case study to explore why an accumulation of large international reserves does not provide protection against currency crises and macroeconomic adjustments in EMDs. The analysis centres on the interplay between two dimensions of MPA: the Power to Delay and the Power to Deflect adjustment costs. Two structural factors condition Russia’s low MPA. First, the country’s subordinated integration in global financial markets increases its financial vulnerability. The composition of external assets and liabilities, combined with cross-border capital flows, restrict the use of international reserves to delay currency crises. Second, the choice of a particular macroeconomic policy regime embraced the financialisation of the – mainly state-owned – Russian banking sector, thus making it difficult to transform liquidity inflows into credits for enterprises. Russia’s main comparative advantage, hydrocarbon export revenues, is not exploited. The type of economy created due to the post-Communist transition means that provided ‘excessive’ liquidity remains in the financial system and is channelled into currency arbitrage. This factor increases exchange rate vulnerability and undermines Russia’s MPA.     

Exchange Market Pressure in the Central African Economic and Monetary Community (CAEMC) Area: Empirical Assessment of the Macroeconomic Determinants

ABSTRACT

The current empirical study contributes to the literature on the exchange market pressure. First we construct as proposed by Eichengreen, Rose, and Wyplosz [1996. Contagious currency crises: First tests. The Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 98 (4), 463–484], a continuous measure of EMP for the CAEMC franc zone, using quarterly data from 1985Q1 to 2012Q2. We then address the main macroeconomic determinants of this EMP.

We find that our main measure for EMP as well as two alternative measures of this index captures quite well episodes of crises of the CFA (XAF) currency. During the period of study, the common currency of the CAEMC countries experienced about four speculative attacks, with the one in 1993 ending with the devaluation of that currency in January 1994. The other attacks were warded off through reserves losses, as it is clear that the currency peg was maintained principally through changes in reserves. We also find that the GDP growth, the trade balance and the international oil price are the main contributors of EMP and therefore the most significant predictors of currency crises in the CAEMC area.     

Money Quantity and Optimal Monetary and Fiscal Policy: A Quantitative Analysis

This paper quantitatively analyzes the impact of money stock on optimal monetary and fiscal policy in a stochastic production economy with sticky prices. The numerical results indicate that a sufficient large quantity of money makes a noticeable difference in many aspects of optimal monetary and fiscal policy. They suggest that the volatile inflation in China may not be as bad as the existing theory would have implied if its large amount of money is taken into consideration.     

中国的经济高增长与国际收支顺差何以并存——基于货币分析法的解释

我国经济增长、信贷扩张是经常账户顺差的Granger原因,但经常账户不是经济增长和信贷扩张的Granger原因。货币分析法较好地解释了我国经济高增长与国际收支顺差并存的现象。我国国际收支顺差主要是由于经济增长带来货币需求大增,超过了货币供给所致。经济增长通过资产需求、两部门问题以及人民币升值预期等渠道导致货币需求的上升,因此扩大国内信贷可能会导致国际收支顺差总量的下降;人民币升值并不能减少国际收支顺差,而应该保持基本稳定。     

重新认识货币区：一个新的视角

本文将货币区视为有关国家扩展政府边界的一种努力，由于在经济学的意义上我们有理由认定有政府的状态总是好于无政府的状态，因此这种努力就具有改进全球福利的意义。当然，任何一个国家尤其是民族国家一开始都不愿意政府边界的国际扩展危及自身的货币权力界限，相互之间的冲突也就在所难免。本文依据蒙代尔定理，着力讨论了国际货币冲突及其博弈均衡的内在机理，认为货币区的产生是经济理性对国家主义的一种胜利，但货币区本身并不是一个一劳永逸的最后结局。随后本文以美元和欧元为例进一步阐发了货币区的演进逻辑，最后从重商主义经济角度切入探讨了亚洲货币区的有关问题并就中国的对策提出了若干建议。     

政府国库资金、货币供给与货币政策有效性

政府财政行为对货币政策效应的影响是宏观经济学的一个热点问题,文章从政府资产角度出发,运用1994～2005年中国国库资金季度数据,采用协整分析方法对政府国库资金、货币供给和货币政策有效性问题,作实证检验。研究表明:(1)国库资金增减导致基础货币收缩和扩张,短期内国库资金变动会使货币供应量发生显著的反向波动,国库资金是货币供应量的Granger因,国库资金对货币供应量波动有较高的解释力,央行的货币供给由于国库资金而产生被动性。(2)国库资金与货币政策有效性之间存在密切关系,货币当局将国库资金变量纳入货币政策中介目标监控体系,有助于提高货币政策的有效性,国库资金成为财政政策与货币政策新的结合点。