浅谈高速公路企业的风险管理

文中就我国高速公路企业的风险管理问题展开论述,首先论述了高速公路企业风险管理机制的构成要素,继而分析了我国高速公路企业风险管理的现状,最后提出了高速公路企业加强风险管理机制构建的几点对策,以期能够给我国当前高速公路企业的风险管理提供一点可借鉴之处。     

轻轨对中小城镇商业发展的影响——以中山市为例

作为一种大运量、快捷、准点的交通方式,轻轨的建成运营将对相关城镇的客流量在数量、空间分布等方面产生深刻影响,并对城镇发展产生积极的作用.在商业发展方面,轻轨交通的影响主要体现在市场因素、空间因素、竞争因素等方面.在深入剖析轻轨交通对商业发展的影响因素、借鉴地铁商业经验、分析相关预测数据的基础上,就广珠轻轨对中山市城镇商业发展的商业格局、商业规模、商业网点空间分布和商业业态结构等多方面的影响进行了探析.     

Accentuating the interconnection between business sustainability and organizational performance in the context of the circular economy: The moderating role of organizational competitiveness

Sustainability development has gained significant importance in the modern business environment. The primary objective is to conduct an explanatory and quantitative study of the impacts of the social, economic, and environmental dimensions on organizational performance, considering the moderating role of organizational competitiveness. Data were collected from Chinese, Italian, and Romanian small and medium enterprises (SMEs). The questionnaires were distributed by applying simple random sampling techniques. The study sample size consists of 320 SME employees. Hierarchical regression was used to investigate the moderating impacts of organizational competitiveness on the relationships of the social, economic, and environmental dimensions and organizational performance. The regression analysis shows a positive relationship between the study variables. Small and medium-sized enterprises are focusing more on sustainable business practices.     

GOVERNING MIGRATION THROUGH SMALL TOWNS: Dispersal and the Production of Spaces of Transit

Based on qualitative long-term fieldwork conducted in a peripherally located small town in East Germany, this article compares the dispersal of repatriates from the former Soviet Union with that of recent refugee arrivals. It shows that in this small town the dispersal and local governance of refugees builds on previous approaches to dealing with repatriates. Such approaches repeatedly result in cycles of localized distribution and subsequent small-scale segregation, short-term integration activities, the detachment of both groups from the town and, finally, migrants’ subsequent outmigration and relocation to other (mostly larger) cities. To make sense of this path dependency in terms of its specific patterns and characteristics, and to explore the relationships between dispersal, local policy framings, and in- and outmigration to and from small towns, I apply a studying through dispersal approach. This approach reveals that dispersal is an important factor in making and unmaking local migration policies. It can turn small towns into productive sites for migration governance, often transforming them into mere waiting zones and transit spaces. This not only continues migrants’ experiences of displacement but also impacts on the image of the small town, where migrants themselves may not want to reside permanently.     

沥青路面施工质量控制的研究

沥青在高等级公路和城镇道路工程中被广泛的使用。本文结合沥青路面施工中原材料、机械设备的选择、施工过程质量控制及接缝处理等施工环节,抓住沥青路面施工质量控制的重要环节,确保高等级公路和城镇沥青路面的工程质量。     

Misspecification and Expectations Correction in New Keynesian DSGE Models

This paper focuses on the dynamic misspecification that characterizes the class of small‐scale New Keynesian models currently used in monetary and business cycle analysis, and provides a remedy for the typical difficulties these models have in accounting for the rich contemporaneous and dynamic correlation structure of the data. We suggest using a statistical model for the data as a device through which it is possible to adapt the econometric specification of the New Keynesian model such that the risk of omitting important propagation mechanisms is kept under control. A pseudo‐structural form is built from the baseline system of Euler equations by forcing the state vector of the system to have the same dimension as the state vector characterizing the statistical model. The pseudo‐structural form gives rise to a set of cross‐equation restrictions that do not penalize the autocorrelation structure and persistence of the data. Standard estimation and evaluation methods can be used. We provide an empirical illustration based on USA quarterly data and a small‐scale monetary New Keynesian model.     

Complexity: Toward an empirical measure

Complexity is a significant concern to managers and can undermine operational performance if not managed well, or if managed well could be used to strategic advantage. However, the quantification of complexity is requisite to managing and exploiting it. To date, an easily employable quantitative measure has not been introduced. This has hampered the ability of researchers to conduct large empirical studies and to gain a fuller understanding of the impacts of complexity on organizations. This has in turn impeded the ability of researchers to inform managers about how to manage complexity. This article presents one such measure, the Generalized Complexity Index (GCI), and illustrates it using publicly available data from the cruise line industry. The GCI employs the product structure diagram to create a geometric structure from which the level of the three dimensions of complexity (multiplicity, diversity, and interconnectedness) can be computed. The GCI is a function of these three dimensions. A significant advantage of the GCI is that it can be applied at multiple levels of analysis including product, portfolio, and supply chain. Implications for business diversification research and marketing strategy are introduced and future research topics are identified.     

Using managers' expectations for ex-ante policy evaluation: Evidence from the COVID-19 crisis

Evaluation of the impacts of government policies during an economic crisis is often delayed until the outcomes are realized. Policies can be better guided if they can be evaluated amid a crisis, before the realization of outcomes. This study examines whether survey data on the expectations of small business managers can help evaluate two high-stake subsidies for firms amid the COVID-19 crisis in Japan, namely, Subsidy Program for Sustaining Businesses (SPSB) and Employment Adjustment Subsidy (EAS). We evaluate the accuracy of managers' expectations, estimate the impact of subsidies on the expected firm survival, and compare it with the estimated impact on realized survival. We find that the managers' expectations on their future sales, survival rate, and the possibility of receiving these subsidies predict the realized outcomes, although they were highly pessimistic about their survival rates. We find that the estimated impacts of the SPSB on the expected survival rates have the same sign as the estimated impact on the realized survival rates, but the size is more than twice because of the pessimism on survival. The estimated impacts of the EAS are both insignificant. Therefore, although its impact may be overestimated, managers' expectations are useful for selecting an effective policy.     

从SBA看美国政府的小企业服务体系

美国小企业署的发展历程就是帮助小企业署的历史。对小企业在立法方面的支持固然重要，但具体的支持需要一个服务体系来完成。通过对SBA的特征进行分析，我们发现建立并完善小企业的服务体系更加重要。结合美国小企业署的特征，政府特设一个机构作为小企业利益的维护者，这种作法非常值得借鉴。     

经济发达地区镇域中心商务区功能探索——以广东省中山市小榄镇为例

经济发达地区正面临着产业结构调整、经济增长模式转变的严峻问题,认为其小城镇应建设中心商务区,并认为商务功能具有对现代工业型小城镇经济建设、产业转移和城镇建设和谐发展的促进作用.本文以中山市小榄镇为例,提出经济发达地区城镇如何进行中心商务区设计模式,进而创新我国工业型小城镇的可持续发展模式并提供示范.     

The use of real options valuation methodology in enhancing the understanding of the impact of climate change on companies

Climate change has in recent years gathered traction on the business, political and social agenda. From the business perspective, research has shown that climate change impacts on company value are uncertain, significant and strategically important. The challenge therefore is for the business community to apply financial valuation models that support the incorporation of the climate change impacts in strategic planning. However, the commonly used discounted cash flow techniques in capital budgeting are seen as failing to address the high levels of uncertainties inherent in climate change impacts. Real options thinking has been touted as having the potential to enhance understanding of these impacts via its direct handling of uncertainty, although not much research has been done to demonstrate this. Using an illustrative case study, this research presents an argument for introducing the real options approach, a new method for valuing options of future strategic action by companies in a setting that exhibits climate change impacts. The objective of this research is to contribute to the literature on strategic tools for addressing climate change and ultimately offer some management insights that can narrow the gap between finance theory and business practice. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.     

高速公路项目成本管理与控制

在竞争激烈的路桥市场中,做好项目成本管理与控制,在合理的范围内最大限度地降低生产成本,实现企业利润最大化是施工企业所面临的问题,已是不可缺失的企业经营理念。文章从施工企业高速公路项目成本的构成出发,着重分析了项目成本管理与控制中存在的问题,并提出了相关建议。     

Estimating economic impacts of the US-South Korea free trade agreement

ABSTRACT

We analyze the economic impacts of the United States-South Korea Free Trade Agreement by applying the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) computable general equilibrium model to highly disaggregated commodity flow data. The analysis calculates the impacts in terms of welfare effects, national economic indicators (such as GDP), and business performance metrics (such as sales revenue), which can be used by a variety of decision-makers. Our results suggest several trade-offs among these measures. Positive welfare gains between the US and South Korea are about the same in absolute terms, but favor the latter in relative terms, and very heavily so for GDP gains. Moreover, the US is projected to incur a loss of gross output (sales revenue) in several major manufacturing sectors that are heavily concentrated in geographic areas that have been promised a return of jobs by the Trump Administration.     

小城镇可持续化发展评价指标体系框架研究

小城镇发展是中国近年来城镇发展的一个非常重要的过程,也出现了不少问题。为了能实现可持续发展的目标,小城镇发展必须遵循科学发展的路径。文章提出一套实验性的小城镇可持续化发展指标体系框架,可用于检验小城镇发展过程中产生的问题并且提供针对性指导。     

公路投标预算编制技巧与报价策略

近年来,我国道路交通事业日新月异,在党和国家的领导下,当前的公路建设情况与改革开放初期相比发生了翻天覆地的变化。国家的发展离不开路桥行业,尤其四通八达的公路项目在不断地建设与推进,所以一大批承接公路施工任务的企业应运而生。鉴于公开、公平、公正的原则,企业只有通过公路施工项目的投标竞价才能顺利中标。在此过程中,公路投标预算编制技巧与报价策略会在很大程度上影响投标的结果。     

A logit analysis of telecommunication network bypass decisions

This paper is concerned with the growing trend for business and institutional users of telecommunication services to bypass public telephone networks by installing private facilities made available by recent technological advances. The factors leading to bypass decisions are determined, using discrete choice logit models estimated with data gathered in a specifically designed large survey of manufacturers and financial institutions. The results clearly show that the larger the firm in terms of numbers of employees and locations and in terms of telecommunication activity, the higher is the likelihood of that firm to engage in bypass. The forecasting applicability of the models is also outlined.     

Defining and improving technology transfer business and management processes in university innovation centres

The complex and dynamic behaviour associated with technology transfer business processes combined with the technological risk involved in the participating small firms, has led to a lack of business process definition and improvement in this area. Furthermore, the embryonic firms are highly individualistic with differing needs for assistance and development. There may also be a tendency to provide infrastructure and basic services with an avoidance of business process definition and hence, improvement.The aim of this paper is to investigate how potential business and management inputs can be used to define and to suggest improvements for two key technology transfer business processes, namely the technology licensing process and the business building process.A stratified pathway process mapping approach is used. This research approach includes semi-structured interviews with University Innovation Centre small firms, focus groups with Innovation Centre stakeholders and best practice benchmarking.The findings indicate that a modified processual approach can be adopted to define key business processes within technology transfer. Using this approach it is possible to show where business and management interventions can most effectively be deployed in each process.     

Spatially blind trade and fiscal impact policies and their impact on regional economies

The evidence for the US suggests that spatially blind policies often generate greater impacts on regional economic growth and development than policies specifically targeted at regions on regional issues generally. In this presentation, attention will be directed to two sets of national policies that have been promulgated without due consideration of their specific spatial (regional) impacts – trade policy and fiscal policy.Drawing on research conducted for the US, Japan and Brazil, an examination of trade policies will be presented, using the experience of NAFTA in North America and MERCOSUR in Brazil. Some further analysis of experience in Colombia will also provide insights into the role of national trade policy and, in the case of Colombia, fiscal decentralization policies. The second part of the presentation will examine fiscal policy impacts mediated through regional business cycles; the experience of Japan and the US will be examined.The results affirm the important implications that national (spatially blind) policies can have on regional economies; in the case of Brazil, trade policies have exacerbated already wide differentials in per capita income across states.     

安全生产内业资料的收集与整理

在高速公路工程建设中,安全生产内业资料的收集与管理是一个非常重要的环节。安全生产内业资料是指施工企业按国家、地方和行业关于安全生产有关法律法规的规定要求,在安全管理过程中所建立和形成的安全生产资料。开展安全生产内业资料的收集和整理工作不仅可以科学地评价安全生产情况,提高安全生产工作和文明施工的管理水平,还能够预防伤亡事故的发生,确保施工人员的安全和健康,所以安全生产管理在高速公路工程建设中越来越被重视,本文介绍了安全生产内业管理资料的具体内容及收集整理的方法。     

Organizational characteristics explaining participation in sustainable business models in the sharing economy: Evidence from the fashion industry using conjoint analysis

Environmental and social challenges require new sustainable business models, like sharing platforms. However, sharing platforms differ widely in their contribution to a more sustainable society. Whereas idealistic sharing platforms have dominant social goals, other sharing platforms are, or became, commercial. We explore the attractiveness of the typical organizational characteristics of idealistic sharing platforms in the fashion industry context, an industry with negative environmental and social impacts. Based on a literature review and exploratory focus groups, we conduct an online survey using conjoint analysis, completed by 1,512 respondents. Our results reveal that potential users prefer clothes sharing platforms to be small, to not partner with large clothing retailers, to have the possibility to participate in decision‐making, but to not require shareholding.