Foreign direct investment in Central Eastern Europe

Foreign direct investment (FDI) has a significant role to play not only in the process of accelerating privatization, but in the development and strengthening of the emerging market economies of Central Eastern Europe (CEE). The inflow of FDI into Poland up to 1994 was marginal as compared to Hungary and the Czech Republic. The following paper examines the situation in Poland and outlines what lessons can be learnt from the Hungarian experience.     

后危机时代人民币实际汇率波动 对我国FDI 流入的影响

汇率波动是影响FDI流入的重要因素。基于1994~2012年的时间序列数据,本文构建带有金融危机变量的模型和利用邹氏检验法对后危机时代人民币实际汇率波动与FDI流入的关系进行实证分析。经过实证检验发现,金融危机改变了人民币实际汇率波动与FDI流入之间原有的负相关关系,中国成为外资的"避风港"和外商规避贸易壁垒是后危机时代人民币实际汇率波动有利于FDI流入的两个主要因素。同时,人民币实际汇率的波动更加贴近市场实际汇率水平,会增加FDI的流入,有利于我国经济的发展与稳定。     

Infrastructure Development and FDI Inflow to Developing Economies: Evidence from India

Nowadays, developing economies are becoming the preferred destination of foreign direct investment (FDI) inflow. We draw insights from Dunning's eclectic paradigm to explore how FDI inflow is influenced by the quality of the physical infrastructure and human resources of the host country. We investigate various India‐specific infrastructural factors affecting FDI inflow between 1991 and 2010. Our empirical findings indicate that factors like railway transportation and road network as well as the quality of human resources played a crucial role in attracting FDI. However, air transportation or communication infrastructure is yet to play a significant role. Our study makes a modest attempt to identify areas of concern and scope for the further improvement of India's infrastructure facilities to attract foreign investment in the future. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Political Risk and Foreign Direct Investment in Africa: The Case of the Nigerian Telecommunications Industry

Foreign direct investment (FDI) flows are expected to be influenced by political risk factors. However, studies that evaluate the relationship between political risk and FDI flows in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) are scarce. This study examines the impact of political risk on FDI flows in an SSA context using the 12 political risk components published as the International Country Risk Guide (ICRG) by the Political Risk Services (PRS) Group with the Nigerian telecommunications sector as a case study. The study finds that political risk has a significant influence on the inflow of FDI into developing economies in SSA such as Nigeria and that the 12 components affect FDI in different ways. Irrespective of the political risk rating, a consistent improvement in composite political risk enhances FDI inflow. Among the 12 components, corruption, law and order, democratic accountability, and investment profile were found to have significant influences on FDI inflow into the Nigerian telecommunications sector. Corruption, in particular, explains nearly two‐thirds of the FDI inflow. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

The Causal Relationship Between Information and Communication Technology and Foreign Direct Investment

This paper investigates the simultaneous causal relationship between investments in information and communication technology (ICT) and flows of foreign direct investment (FDI), with reference to its implications on economic growth. For the empirical analysis we use data from 23 major countries with heterogeneous economic development for the period 1976–99. Our causality test results suggest that there is a causal relationship from ICT to FDI in developed countries, which means that a higher level of ICT investment leads to an increase inflow of FDI. ICT may contribute to economic growth indirectly by attracting more FDI. Contrarily, we could not find significant causality from ICT to FDI in developing countries. Instead, we have partial evidence of opposite causality relationship: the inflow of FDI causes further increases in ICT investment and production capacity.     

新形势下人民币汇率升值对我国 FDI的影响——基于引力模型的实证分析

FDI(外商直接投资)是改革开放以来我国经济增长的重要推动力。有观点认为人民币升值会导致FDI流入的减少。针对这一观点,本文建立在引力模型基础上,增加了劳动力成本、资源成本、贸易总量和汇率效应变量。经过分析发现,汇率是影响FDI的首要因素,经济总量和国际经济周期因素也是FDI流入的重要影响因素,同时劳动力成本的影响效应也很显著。     

Analysing China's foreign direct investment in manufacturing from a high–low technology perspective

Since China opened its economy to foreign investment in 1979, it has become the second largest foreign direct investment (FDI) destination in the world after the USA. Over the past three decades, the manufacturing sector has dominated China's FDI inflow, however, when manufacturing activity is bifurcated into low and high technology classes, it becomes evident that China is in a transition stage moving from FDI in traditional low-tech activity to a high-tech manufacturing environment. This paper attempts to analyse the key determinants of FDI inflow across low and high technology manufacturing industry across four geographical regions of China. In the paper we empirically investigate the determinants of FDI high–low tech inflow by market size, labour cost, labour quality, and government spending on human capita.     

外国直接投资对我国产业结构拉动的弹性分析

本文运用计量模型对相关统计数据分析得出,外资对我国各产业增加值具有一定的拉动作用,特别是制造业,近20年的数据表明外资对我国制造业及其高新技术产业的增长拉动非常大;同时长期以来外资对第三产业的带动也不容忽视,可以预见随着我国零售业的全面开放以及金融、电信等行业的进一步开放,这些行业未来利用外资水平将会有一个较大的提升,由此带动国内产业重心向第三产业转移。分析表明,国内产业结构发展与我国长期坚持积极利用外资具有明显的弹性关系。     

Foreign direct investment and civil violence in Sub-Saharan Africa

Despite the steady growth in foreign direct investment (FDI) flow into Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), which is facilitated by the United Nations "2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development", economic development in SSA countries remains relatively weak, due in part to frequent incidents of civil violence. The critics of FDI inflow into SSA posit that the cross-border capital flow fuels civil conflict and unrest, whilst the proponents maintain that FDI inflow helps developing countries raise their economies. To reconcile these two views, this paper considers the impact of FDI on civil violence in SSA by distinguishing recipient industries of FDI. The results from a new general equilibrium theory suggest that an increase in resource-directed FDI inflow to countries where the resource sector is skilled labour (unskilled labour) intensive reduces (increases, respectively) the risk of violence. Using a panel data consisting of 34 SSA countries for 1972–2013, the dynamic panel estimates provide support for our theoretical findings. In particular, an increase in FDI inflow reduces the risk of civil violence for skilled labour intensive fuel-resource-rich SSA countries. However, the likelihood of violence can increase in FDI inflow for countries that are rich in unskilled labour intensive non-fuel, ore and other mineral resources.     

FDI inflow as an international business operation by MNCs and economic growth: An empirical study on Turkey

The issue of foreign direct investment (FDI) has been affecting the world economy for years and is a considerable subject for both developed and developing countries. FDI is the fixed form of international business operation made across the national borders made mostly by the multi national corporations (MNCs). The positive impact of FDI inflow in a host country is expected to emerge as capital accumulation, technology transfer, know-how acquisition, innovative capacity and economic growth eventually. In this study, it is aimed to address the FDI literature depending on comprehensive international publications and then to analyze the FDI inflow and GDP growth in Turkey with econometric methods.The relation between FDI inflow and GDP growth is analyzed by using the Johansen cointegration test and Granger causality analysis. Afterwards, a regression equation is estimated by using the ordinary least squares method (OLS). Prior to applying the Cointegration test, the stationarity and integration degrees of the series are determined by the augmented Dickey–Fuller test (ADF). Consequently, resting on the results of entire analysis, it is possible to mention that no significant relation is determined between the FDI inflow and GDP growth in Turkey both in the short and long run.     

Causes of Financial FDI Inflows into Sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA): Evidence from Ghana

The main aim of this article is to examine the factors that influence the inflow of financial foreign direct investment (FDI) into SSA and to understand foreign investors’ perceptions of the role of institutional factors in facilitating financial FDI inflows and the extent to which the postreform business environment has been successful in attracting financial FDI inflows into SSA. An in‐depth qualitative study was adopted for the research. Using two financial multinational corporations as case studies, the environmental factors that influenced their decision to choose Ghana as an investment destination are examined, as well as the institutional and regulatory factors that affect their current operations and future investment decisions. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

从FDI看世界经济波动对我国经济增长的影响

随着我国对外开放的不断发展,外国直接投资已成为世界经济波动影响我国经济增长的一个重要经济变量。世界经济增长率下滑,我国外国直接投资流入增长率上升,推动我国经济高速增长;世界经济增长率上升,我国外国直接投资流入增长率下降,阻碍我国经济高速增长。本文对近20年来世界经济增长率与我国外国直接投资增长率以及国民生产总值增长率的相关性进行分析,充分验证了上述论点。     

Poland's Investment Development Path and Industry Structure of FDI Inflows and Outflows

ABSTRACT

This study explores changes in industry composition of FDI inflows to and outflows from Poland, using the conceptual framework of J. Dunning's model of the investment development path (IDP). The data time frame used (from 1996 to 2005) allows for identification of significant changes in FDI structure as Poland moves through stage 2 of her IDP. The leading position of the manufacturing sector in both FDI inflows and outflows is replaced by services (especially financial and trade). The last section presents policy implications focused on measures designed to redress the imbalance between the still much larger inflows than outflows of FDI.     

Foreign Direct Investment and De‐industrialisation

The purpose of this study is to discuss the various issues regarding de‐industrialisation and to systematically analyse the causes of this phenomenon. In addition, the effect of the recent increase in foreign direct investment on de‐industrialisation will be analysed. Unlike extant studies, this study employs a more reliable method of estimation, known as the generalised method of moments system, for establishing the importance of foreign direct investment (FDI) with regard to de‐industrialisation. For a general assessment of the different factors of de‐industrialisation, including FDI, this study classifies the causes of de‐industrialisation in OECD countries into external and internal factors. As a result, the analysis has proved that not only internal and external factors are major factors of de‐industrialisation, FDI inflow and outflow are also major factors.     

国内外市场潜力对FDI区位选择的影响研究

本文运用1996-2008年全国276个地级及以上城市和39个我国主要贸易伙伴的面板数据,通过估计固定效应模型,研究了我国城市面对的市场潜力对在华FDI区位选择的影响。为了估计各种市场潜力对FDI流量的不同影响,将市场潜力分为国内和国外市场潜力,并且将国内市场潜力分为省内和省外市场潜力。本文发现一个城市面对的国内市场潜力和国外市场潜力都对该城市吸收FDI具有显著的促进作用,而前者对FDI流量的影响更大。另外,一个城市面对的来自本省的市场潜力将正向影响该城市吸收外资,但来自外省的市场潜力却对该城市的FDI流入无显著影响,这反映了我国国内市场存在分割。     

The Effect of National Corporate Responsibility Environment on Japanese Foreign Direct Investment

We examine the relationship between Japanese foreign direct investment (FDI) and the national corporate responsibility (NCR) environment in host countries using corporate social responsibility and international business theories. Based on data from the Japanese Government’s Ministry of Finance AccountAbility, and other sources, we find that the level of NCR has a positive relationship with FDI inflow for developing countries. The relationship for developed countries is negative but not statistically significant. The underlying host country development stage moderates the relationship. The results can help deepen understanding of FDI behaviors and have practical implications for host countries in terms of attracting FDI.     

人民币汇率对FDI的影响——基于VAR模型的动态分析

运用协整关系、误差修正模型实证研究了1980年～2009年人民币双边实际汇率对外商直接投资(以下简称FDI)流入的影响。研究结果表明:长期来看,人民币对美元升值不仅不会导致FDI流入的减少,反而能够促进FDI流入的增加;中国的开放度和政策稳定性使FDI流入呈现为显著的正向影响。     

经济一体化、公司所得税竞争与FDI流动研究——以新老欧盟成员国的税收竞争为例

本文在Ottaviano(2005)的税收竞争模型的框架下,分析了在经济一体化条件下公司所得税竞争对资本流动的影响,并利用实证研究论证了欧盟内新欧盟成员国与老欧盟成员国之间的公司所得税竞争对FDI流动的影响。分析表明,欧洲市场一体化程度的加深是导致税收竞争加剧的最主要原因。东道国降低名义公司所得税率对资本流动没有影响,只有相对于母国实际税率的降低才是影响资本流动的关键因素。     

The Impact of FDI Inflow on Domestic Firms’ Uptake of CSR Activities: The Moderating Effects of Host Institutions

This study examines whether foreign direct investment (FDI) inflow helps or hinders local firms’ uptake of corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities in a developing host country. The study further examines the interaction effect of host institutions on the relationship between FDI inflow and local firms’ uptake of CSR activities. Results of hierarchical regression analysis of data from a sample of 227 local firms in Ghana, reveal that local firms’ uptake of CSR improves significantly with an increasing inflow of FDI through knowledge transfer. Host institutions are also found to influence the transfer of CSR activities from foreign firms to local firms. However, when the quality of institutions is very high, the impact of FDI on local firms’ CSR activities diminishes. Research and practical implications of these findings are discussed. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

浙江省外商直接投资技术外溢效应实证研究

本文通过构建回归模型,从行业、城市和因果关系三个层面定量分析了浙江省外商直接投资技术外溢效应,最后得出结论：FDI（外商直接投资）能通过对内资企业的技术外溢效应而促进浙江省经济增长。因此,今后相关外资政策的制定不应该只一味强调引入外资的数量,而必须从影响FDI技术外溢效果的诸种因素出发,充分发挥外资对当地内资企业的辐射作用以促进浙江省经济长期增长。