知识转移——经理们怎样解决中国非股权联盟中的可信承诺、关系保障和冲突问题

股权和非股权联盟是为了进行跨国界的知识转移而采取的制度安排。在联盟内,知识转移会产生一些问题,这就要求经理们采取措施来转移知识以及解决知识转移中的冲突。在知识转移中,非股权联盟和股权联盟对经理们订立合同的要求是不同的。本文构建了一个理论框架,把非股权联盟中知识转移的可信承诺、合同保障和冲突解决途径联系起来进行分析。本文主要对中国的一种非股权联盟形式——合作企业(CJV)进行了分析。     

制度差异对战略联盟知识转移效果的影响

众多学者从知识特性、组织层面以及联盟层面出发,对联盟知识转移的影响因素进行分析,而鲜有学者基于组织间制度差异的视角,对联盟间知识转移进行研究。鉴于此,本文探究了组织间制度差异影响下战略联盟企业间知识转移,提出了组织间制度差异影响战略联盟企业间知识转移效果的理论模型。研究发现,组织间制度差异越大,战略联盟企业转移知识就越困难。并且,组织间制度差异通过联盟关系质量影响联盟企业转移知识。此外,本文进一步指出,战略联盟企业可以通过提高联盟知识管理能力,减弱制度差异对战略联盟企业知识转移的影响。     

国际企业联盟中知识转移的路径优化

随着资源全球配置速度的进一步提升,企业国际化步伐的加快也达到了前所未有的程度,跨越国界的联盟便是其中的典型形式。在国际企业联盟中,知识扮演着重要的角色,它不但关系着联盟关系的建立和维持,对其处理的方式和结果还直接影响到联盟关系能否获取持久的竞争优势。本文对国际企业联盟中的知识转移的优化问题进行了分析,首先给出了知识的类型和基于国际企业联盟的知识转移的过程,然后从多个角度分析了知识转移的动因,最后从不同层面讨论了国际企业联盟中知识转移的优化路径。     

产学研联盟的隐性知识转移阻碍及互惠性协调研究

产学研联盟是推动区域经济发展的重要载体。产学研联盟的相对优势在于各主体能够通过知识转移,实现知识共享。随着对知识理论的深入研究,隐性知识被视为包含着企业核心能力,是企业成长的关键资源。然而,现阶段大量研究表明产学研联盟的隐性知识转移遭遇阻碍,导致很多核心知识和关键技术难以分享,严重制约产学研联盟的发展。分析产学研联盟的隐性知识转移阻碍成因,从互惠性偏好视角探讨隐性知识转移阻碍的协调机制对于推进产学研联盟的健康、长远发展具有现实意义。     

物流联盟知识转移的博弈分析

首先分析了物流联盟的特点及其知识转移的内容,然后根据知识转移的过程建立博弈模型,分析得出物流联盟中知识的顺利转移与贴现率、对方知识存量、对方参与转移知识的比例、自身对知识的吸收能力、自身创造新知识的能力成正比;与转移知识的风险成反比。     

物流联盟知识转移的博弈分析

首先分析了物流联盟的特点及其知识转移的内容,然后根据知识转移的过程建立博弈模型,分析得出物流联盟中知识的顺利转移与贴现率、对方知识存量、对方参与转移知识的比例、自身对知识的吸收能力、自身创造新知识的能力成正比;与转移知识的风险成反比.     

基于信息空间的客企联盟知识转移过程研究

客企联盟是企业与客户间知识共享的有效途径。文章在分析客企联盟知识类型基础上,运用信息空间理论对客企联盟的知识转移过程进行了描述,并提出了知识转移过程的熵模型,最后针对该模型进行了案例分析。     

产学研联盟问题研究综述

产学研联盟是国家创新体系的重要组成部分,一直是世界各国研究和探讨的热点课题。对文献的总结发现,在产学研联盟问题的研究中,主要集中在产学研联盟形成动因、合作模式、绩效评估以及联盟中的风险和知识转移、技术转移等5个方面的问题。本文揭示了产学研联盟有关研究问题间的联系,并针对每一研究问题,阐明了其主要的研究角度、研究观点及研究内容。     

知识联盟与企业知识转移

知识联盟是现代企业战略联盟的一种重要形式。企业在组建知识联盟的过程中,可促使企业之间隐含性知识的转移,并且还能学习和创造新的交叉知识。企业隐含性知识能否在知识联盟的过程中实行有效转移,组织学习具有非常重要的意义,企业需要有明确的学习目标和较强的学习能力。     

企业战略联盟的知识资本集成效应

本文论述了通过构建企业战略联盟可以实现技术联盟的聚合效应;技术溢出效应;知识联盟与企业隐含性知识转移;知识联盟与学习和创造新的知识,等内容。     

Learning to Build a Supply Network: An Exploration of Dynamic Business Models

abstract    Firms are confronted with the challenge of learning how to develop and manage supply networks, which reduce their operating costs and maximize their effectiveness in the marketplace. In pursuit of such goals they are increasingly turning to the use of dynamic business models. Dynamic business models represent continuous change and therefore make firms learn constantly new and better ways of doing things. These changes are manifestations of inter-firm knowledge transfer. The aim of this research is to explore dynamic business models as an example of inter-firm knowledge transfer. Adopting a case study approach, we examine three components of dynamic business models – network structure, inter-firm routines and knowledge forms – and describe their integration through a problem solving approach to building an offshore supply network. Our empirical findings suggest that dynamic business models help organizations identify and link key actors with each other (at the firm and individual level), and aid the identification and specification of appropriate knowledge types and knowledge transfer mechanisms for different actors, in different contexts.     

基于组织认知水平的知识质量研究

从知识效用的角度探讨知识质量问题,给出基于组织认知水平的知识相对质量定义。通过分析构建基于组织认知水平的知识质量转移模型和知识测定模型,提出知识相对质量的测定方法,为进一步研究高效知识管理提供方法支持。最后,选取模具设计知识作为知识范围,以模具概要设计为示例给出说明知识相对质量的测定步骤。     

基于知识网络的高校知识转移价值增值的影响因素研究

知识经济时代,高校的知识转移成为企业获取竞争优势的重要途径,越来越多的企业通过知识网络来共享和转移高校互补性知识,从而提升企业创造价值的能力。本文分析了知识网络中高校知识转移价值增值的传递过程,并进一步探讨了高校知识转移价值增值的影响因素,在此基础上构建基于知识网络的高校知识转移价值增值的影响因素模型,旨在为促进高校知识转移价值增值提供一种新的分析思路。     

Knowledge transfer and competitive advantage on environmental uncertainty: An empirical study of the Taiwan semiconductor industry

This study investigates the inter-relationships among environmental uncertainty, knowledge transfer, and competitive advantage. Based on 176 subjects from the R&D and manufacturing department of 56 Taiwan semiconductor companies, this paper implements a structural equation model to test the research framework and hypotheses. It finds that knowledge transfer could develop semiconductor firms’ core competence and then build their own competitive advantage. In addition, this study considers that environmental uncertainty is a vital factor during knowledge transfer. Research results indicate that the partially mediated model shows good model fitness for this relationship. In addition, the relationship between environmental uncertainty and knowledge transfer is negative, and knowledge transfer and competitive advantage have a positive relationship. This means that environmental uncertainty could hinder knowledge transfer and lead semiconductor firms to develop knowledge by themselves. Therefore, knowledge transfer to semiconductor firms is very important for technological and knowledge management activity in this rapidly changing industry environment.     

The Impact of Organizational and National Cultural Differences on Social Conflict and Knowledge Transfer in International Acquisitions

The purpose of this paper is to elucidate the effects of organizational and national cultural differences on international acquisitions. We argue that cultural differences prompt social identity building that leads to ‘us versus them’ thinking and thereby creates the potential for social conflict. We also maintain that the same cultural differences can contribute to learning in terms of knowledge transfer. We develop a structural equation model to test these hypothesized effects on a sample of related international acquisitions. Our analysis shows that cultural differences at the organizational level are positively associated with social conflict, but that national cultural differences can decrease social conflict. Furthermore, both organizational and national cultural differences are positively associated with knowledge transfer. This analysis shows the importance of disentangling the various effects that cultural differences have on international acquisitions. It also suggests that national cultural differences are less of a problem in international acquisitions than is usually assumed.     

供应链成员间知识转移影响因素与绩效评价模型研究——基于知识转移过程视角

基于供应链成员间知识转移的过程视角,对供应链成员间知识转移的过程进行系统分析。从理论上探讨供应链成员间知识转移的主要因素,基于变量间的逻辑关系推演出供应链成员间知识转移影响因素与知识转移绩效关系的概念模型。引入加权小世界网络分析方法,构建了供应链成员间知识转移绩效的定量评价模型,为供应链成员间以最小的成本来减少知识转移阻力,提高知识转移绩效提供了指导。     

知识转移管理：中欧合资企业的关键成功因素

如何正确应对中西方文化差异,实施成功的知识转移管理是在华中欧合资企业面临的主要难题。论文在明确定义合资企业及其绩效、知识与知识转移等概念的基础上,指出知识转移是中欧合资企业获得成功的关键因素。同时,论文还阐述了合资企业治理框架下知识转移的复杂性。最后,提出中欧合资企业实施有效的知识转移管理的要点。     

The Bridging Role of Expatriates and Inpatriates in Knowledge Transfer in Multinational Corporations

Drawing on the knowledge‐based view of the firm, this article provides the first empirical study that explicitly investigates the relationship between different categories of international assignees and knowledge transfer in multinational corporations (MNCs). Specifically, we examine (1) the extent to which expatriate presence in different functional areas is related to knowledge transfer from and to headquarters in these functions and (2) the extent to which different categories of international assignees (expatriates vs. inpatriates) contribute to knowledge transfer from and to headquarters. We base our investigation on a large‐scale survey, encompassing data from more than 800 subsidiaries of MNCs in 13 countries. By disaggregating the role of knowledge transfer across management functions, directions of knowledge transfer, and type of international assignees, we find that (1) expatriate presence generally increases function‐specific knowledge transfer from and, to a lesser extent, to headquarters; and that (2) the relevance of expatriates and former inpatriates varies for knowledge flows between headquarters and subsidiaries. Additionally, we discuss implications for research and practice, in particular regarding different management functions and different forms of international assignments, and provide suggestions for future research. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Expatriate knowledge utilization and MNE performance: A multilevel framework

We present a multilevel conceptual framework of expatriate knowledge utilization. Drawing from the resource-based view and multilevel approaches to expatriate utilization, we describe how individual expatriate characteristics (task-related and intercultural competencies, and motivation to transfer knowledge) and international adjustment, as well as subsidiary characteristics (absorptive capacity and knowledge sustainability) influence knowledge transfer effectiveness. We also draw from outward knowledge transfer and expatriate learning perspectives to address the cyclical nature of the process. As such, we include the effect of expatriate learning not only in continued knowledge flows to the subsidiary, but also in knowledge flows to the home division. We offer several implications for research on practice, including the notion that knowledge transfer to the subsidiary should continue upon repatriation, and that outward knowledge transfer can begin before repatriation. The framework reiterates that expatriates are valuable human capital and a source of sustained competitive advantage to the MNE.