Capital Allocation in Financial Firms

This paper develops a theory of capital allocation in financial intermediaries where the cost of "risk capital" is a critical consideration. The implication for capital budgeting is that financial firms should use a modified NPV rule in which projects are valued by calculating the NPV of cash flows using marketdetermined discount rates and then subtracting a deadweight cost of capital that reflects the project's marginal contribution to firm-wide risk.
By taking account of deadweight costs—mainly monitoring and moral hazard costs associated with having too little equity capital as well as "free cash flow" agency costs and higher taxes associated with having too much—the capital allocation model predicts that financial firms will diversify across businesses with similar deadweight costs. Such diversification reduces the cost of risk capital for the individual businesses, thereby creating more profitable investment opportunities at the margin and enabling the businesses to operate on a larger scale. The authors note that their model has similarities to but also important differences from the standard applications of RAROC models.     

对会计师事务所分配问题的思考

现状以某会计师事务所为例,除按月对全所人员发放固定工资外,每月均从收入总额中提取5%,注师(含注册会计师、注册评估师,下同)、助审分别按提取总额的56.52%和43.48%进行分配。该所×月效益工资分配情况如右页上表:从右页上表不难看出,该所的工资分配现状是两高两低,即:(1)助审高,注师低。助审是未获得专业技术职称和执业资格的人员。如评估部的两名注册评估师的平均效益工资为678元,而该部的两名助审平均效益工资为753元,比注册评估师高11.06%。(2)无执业资格的高,有执业资格的低。有执业资格的注师平均效益工资为404元,而无执业资格的助审…     

Arbitrage-Free Valuation of Exhaustible Resource Firms

We provide an arbitrage-free valuation of exhaustible resource firms through extending the Gibson and Schwartz (1990) model and also the Jamshidian and Fein (1990) solution to valuing an entire petroleum firm based on quoted oil futures. Our solutions are compared to accounting, traditional finance and to stockmarket valuations on a daily basis. An alternative expression of the valuations relative to stockmarket prices is in terms of the time varying implied 'market price' of convenience yield risk. Initial illustrations show that the implied convenience yield risk is not necessarily consistent between stockmarket and derivative market participants. Finally, we calculate the sensitivities of petroleum firm values to changes in oil prices, the convenience yield observable on NYMEX, and oil price volatilities. These partial derivatives show some of the complexities in the dynamic hedging process of using the contingent claims approach to valuing (and hedging) real assets.     

Capital and Labor Reallocation within Firms

We document how a positive shock to investment opportunities at one plant (“treated plant”) spills over to other plants within the same firm, but only if the firm is financially constrained. To provide the treated plant with resources, the firm's headquarters withdraws capital and labor from other plants, especially plants that are relatively less productive, not part of the firm's core industries, and located far away from headquarters. As a result of the resource reallocation, aggregate firm‐wide productivity increases. We do not find evidence of capital or labor spillovers among plants of financially unconstrained firms.     

浅议会计师事务所的人力资源配置

根据对广西本地会计师事务所的调查,基层注册会计师(中层领导以下、不含占一定股份年终红利分配丰厚的股东)年薪普遍较低,工作量大。这部分员工无归属感,流动性高。从人力资源配置的角度看,会计师事务所在不同的发展阶段,具有不同的特点。1. 会计师事务所脱钩改制前。脱钩前,事务所承揽业务主要依托行政主管部门的垄断优势。这一时期发展起来的大型会计师事务所都是原中央各部委直属管理的会计师事务所以及各省、直辖市的各厅局创办的会计师事务所。在这个阶段,会计师事务所并不迫切需要基层员工的努力来留住客户及拓展业务,只是限于资格的…     

Information Production and Capital Allocation: Decentralized versus Hierarchical Firms

This paper asks how well different organizational structures perform in terms of generating information about investment projects and allocating capital to these projects. A decentralized approach—with small, single–manager firms—is most likely to be attractive when information about projects is "soft" and cannot be credibly transmitted. In contrast, large hierarchies perform better when information can be costlessly "hardened" and passed along inside the firm. The model can be used to think about the consequences of consolidation in the banking industry, particularly the documented tendency for mergers to lead to declines in small–business lending.     

地方政企合谋与信贷资源配置

通过建立地方政企合谋与信贷资源配置的数理模型来研究分权下地方政府干预信贷资源配置服务于地方政府的自身效用,结果表明地方政企合谋是地方政府在直接干预力度减弱的情况下,间接干预金融资源配置的一个重要的途径;且地方政府官员的政治晋升是助长这些干预行为的关键因素。若将发现地方政企合谋与政府地方官员政治晋升与否直接相关,即能起到威慑作用,并能形成最优的防范地方政企合谋契约。     

多元化公司内部资本市场配置效率——国外相关研究述评与启示

内部资本市场理论是理解多元化公司内部资金配置最重要的理论之一,本文介绍了多元化公司内部资本市场理论的研究进展,分别围绕内部资本市场的配置效率、测度方法以及内部资本市场与多元化公司价值的实证检验等几个方面,对国外已有的文献进行回顾与梳理,并阐述了内部资本市场理论对我国经济改革与发展具有的重要现实意义。     

对三亚市金融资源分配情况的分析

本文结合近几年来三亚市经济金融发展的现实情况,从银行信贷、社会投资等方面分析了三亚市金融资 源分配情况,并论述了三亚市金融资源配置结构对经济的影响。     

Career Concerns and Resource Allocation in Conglomerates

We investigate resource allocation decisions in conglomerateswhen managers are motivated by career concerns. When divisionalcash flows are differentially informative about managerial ability,we show that it is in the managers' interest to overallocateunobservable intangible resources to the more informative divisions.Anticipating this bias, it is optimal for the firm's ownersto also overallocate observable capital to the more informativedivisions. The model provides rationale for corporate socialismand corporate hedging. It also highlights a cost of segmentreporting and tracking stocks, namely, that they allow managersto distort their perceived ability at the expense of investors.     

高校资源配置方法的优化研究

大学教育资源的优化配置是提升大学长久竞争力和实现可持续发展的重要保障。本研究利用高校教学资源配置的定量研究,结合单位化的概念．建立了新的高校教学资源配置的评价函数．并结合实际数据进行了检验,证明了评价函数的科学性。     

论会计信息资源的配置机制——对会计信息公共物品论的反思

本文以经济学中的公共物品理论和信息经济学相关理论为基础 ,对当前的会计信息公共物品属性的观点进行了反思。通过界定“复合品”和“核心效用”两个概念 ,本文推导出会计信息产品在特定消费群内仍是私人物品 ,市场机制是配置会计信息资源的基本手段。但会计信息产品的质量具有难以检验性 ,关于会计信息产品质量的信息在企业与投资者之间分布不对称 ,为政府管制提供了理由。     

国有商业银行人力资源的优化配置

目前国有商业银行人力资源配置存在目标模糊等问题,因此要按照战略性人力资源管理要求,摒弃传统人事管理的影响,进行人力资源规划、配置、开发和管理,进行以适应战略发展需要的人力资源配置优化调整.具体包括以下内容:按照企业发展战略调整优化人力资源配置结构,按照分类管理原则重点配置优质人力资源,坚持价值导向对关键岗位优先配置人力...     

多层次资本市场与资源配置效率

本文以1997—2013年中国31个省份的面板数据作为研究对象,采用空间杜宾模型实证测度了主板市场、中小板市场和创业板市场的资源配置效率。结果表明:中国股票市场更多地体现了政府指导下的资源配置效率,并且主板市场的配置效率最低,创业板的配置效率最高,中小板的配置效率居中;在市场竞价条件下,仅中小板市场发挥了基础配置作用,主板和创业板市场的配置效率尚未显现。因此,只有在强化市场监管独立性的同时,大力推进和完善多层次资本市场才能实现资源的优化配置,进而完成中国经济结构的调整和转型。     

资产评估机构的持续竞争优势——论核心人力资源在评估机构中的作用

一、资产评估机构的核心人力资源与其竞争优势的关系 中国的资产评估行业作为新兴行业,其发展本身就具有其特殊性.据一份调查报告显示,在中国所有中介服务行业中资产评估行业的从业人员学历最高,可见单从人力资源方面来看,评估业具有得天独厚的优势.     

Performance Incentives within Firms: The Effect of Managerial Responsibility

We show that top management incentives vary by responsibility. For oversight executives, pay‐performance incentives are $1.22 per thousand dollar increase in shareholder wealth higher than for divisional executives. For CEOs, incentives are $5.65 higher than for divisional executives. Incentives for the median top management team are substantial at $32.32. CEOs account for 42 to 58 percent of aggregate team incentives. For divisional executives, the pay–divisional performance sensitivity is positive and increasing in the precision of divisional performance and the pay–firm performance sensitivity is decreasing in the precision of divisional performance. These results support principal–agent models with multiple signals of managerial effort.     

投资者情绪、企业投资行为与资源配置效率

基于中国资本市场的经验数据,文章实证研究了投资者情绪对企业投资行为影响的经济后果。结果发现,投资者情绪与企业过度投资显著正相关,而与投资不足呈显著的负相关关系;投资者情绪的冲击对企业当前和未来绩效的影响表现为"正向影响——负向影响——逐渐消退"的过程。这意味着,在中国资本市场中,投资者情绪对资源配置效率具有"恶化效应"与"校正效应"的两面性,而其"总体效应"表现为资源配置效率的降低。上述研究发现对于深入理解投资者情绪影响对企业投资行为所产生的经济后果具有重要意义,也有助于我们从微观企业的视角反思金融危机对实体经济的影响。