伦敦:浴火重生的世界金融中心

21世纪或许该是伦敦重现辉煌的世纪.2000年,英美学者在<伦敦纽约研究>系列报告中宣布,全球顶级金融中心只有伦敦和纽约.     

瑞士金融中心战略规划及对北京的启示

一、瑞士金融中心战略规划 （一）瑞士金融中心战略规划的出台背景 20世纪60年代．瑞士成为主要的国际金融中心，在伦敦和纽约之后居于世界第三位，20世纪80年代曾经一度占据世界第二位。瑞士国际金融中心的竞争优势在于：经济、金融和货币的长期稳定性，低通货膨胀率、低利率；金融机构的业绩和服务质量、银行和保险业的悠久历史和丰富经验：多语言、高素质的员工队伍：适当的金融市场法律；持续而有效的金融市场监管。瑞士金融中心在国际金融市场中具有特殊的功能与作用。     

纽约及伦敦金融中心对北京建设国际金融中心的启示

北京在我国经济和金融领域的地位举足轻重,在承担全国经济、金融和商业调控中心的同时,要发展称为国际化大都市,客观上要求北京发展成为国际金融中心城市。提升北京的金融竞争力,打造国际金融中心是一项长期的战略,因此借鉴世界一流金融中心的优势和长处,是北京应对国际竞争的需要。在对纽约、伦敦等国际金融中心的研究中发现,金融中心的形成是由经济和金融业发展的程度决定的,同时,监管制度和政府政策发挥着重要的推动作用。所以,北京在建设国际金融中心的过程中,一方面要发挥自身优势,另一方面要积极借鉴纽约、伦敦等国际一流金融中心的优势,完善和成熟金融市场,提升金融业的活力,逐步建立于国际接轨的金融监管体系。     

成都金融街

任何一个国际化的金融中心都拥有一个相对集中的金融核心区.就像纽约的曼哈顿、伦敦的老城、上海的陆家嘴…….为把成都建设成为西南乃至西部地区的金融中心,成都应有一个金融核心区.     

利用关键事件促成北京金融中心建设——基于伦敦和纽约的案例研究

本文在路径依赖理论框架下,分析国际金融中心的发展路径和关键事件对国际金融中心变迁的影响.在此基础上,梳理、分析和总结了伦敦和纽约金融中心演进过程中的关键事件、后续效应和经验启示.基于上述案例研究,结合北京经济金融发展现状,本文提出了北京金融中心建设能够运用的关键事件及其路径选择.     

国际金融中心发展路径及其对上海国际金融中心建设的启示

国际金融中心是指闰际七资金融通、集散和交易的中心城市。通常来说,国际金融中心一般会表现出这么几个共同特征：资本流通方便自由、具有相当规模的证券及金融衍生产品交易市场、金融服务业高度密集、自身通常是所在旧或地区的下商业中心而且对周边区域乃至伞世界具有相当的经济辐射影响力等。伦敦、纽约和东京是目前世界三大主要日际金融中心。除此之外,还有香港、新加坡等区域性的金融中心。     

国际金融中心比较研究——基于路径依赖与蝴蝶效应的分析（下）

四、路径依赖、蝴蝶效应与纽约国际金融中心发展 19世纪上半叶,纽约取代费城成为美国最大的金融和商业中心,之后的纽约经济和金融业的发展突飞猛进。尽管经历了1929年的经济危机,依赖美国在两次世界大战前后30年经济的突破性发展,大批金融机构聚集于纽约,使纽约迅速发展成为先是与伦敦并驾齐驱而后超过伦敦的全球最大的国际金融中心。     

上海国际金融中心建设应重视“智慧金融”

自IBM提出＂智慧地球＂概念后,作为其中的一个重要主题,＂智慧金融＂受到重视新科技应用的金融界的广泛关注。本文认为,上海国际金融中心有条件,也应该占领这一＂智慧金融＂的制高点,从而缩小与纽约、伦敦等金融中心的距离。对于高校金融学科来说,＂智慧金融＂将引起教学与人才培养上的新一轮改革。     

在纽约和伦敦的外国银行

伦敦一直是世界金融的中心,可是近年来在纽约开设分支机构的外国银行日益增多,1970年时还只有73家(伦敦有161家),至1979年底已增至234家(伦敦328家。) 此外,还有28家是间接通过银团来进行业务的,从国籍来分。在纽约开设银行机构的有48个国家。在英国的外国银行,基本上集中设在伦敦,仅有少数几家外国银行在伦敦以外开设机构,有的是因为北海油田的关系在苏格兰开行,有些则开设在外裔公民聚居的城市里。     

谈谈离岸金融中心的发展、特点和影响

本世纪六十年代以来,国际金融市场的一个突出的发展是,出现了一批新兴的离岸金融中心(offshore Financial Centers),如卢森堡、拿骚、开曼群岛、巴拿马、新加坡、香港、巴林等。这些新兴的离岸金融中心,同伦敦、纽约、巴黎、苏黎士等发展较早的国际金融中心一起,形成了一个连接全球的国际金融市场网络,这些金融中心则成为网络中的各个环节。最近,东京和我国的台湾省都在加快建立和发展离岸金融中心的步骤。这些发展正在引起广泛的重视。在这种情况下,了解和研究离岸金融中心的发展动因,其主要的经营特点。     

Private Equity 4.0: Using ESG to Create More Value with Less Risk

A growing number of private equity firms have responded to the increased focus on climate change, social issues, and technology disruption by broadening their corporate mission to encompass all important stakeholders, as well as their limited partners. And in the process, the management of ESG risks and pursuit of ESG opportunities have become increasingly fundamental to the staying power and value creation potential of PE firms by reducing the risk of their investments, discovering new sources of growth, and increasing their resilience to changes in the political and regulatory environment. This article tells the story of how the Nordic PE firm, Summa Equity, has turned its ESG approach into a core competence and a source of competitive advantage that has enabled the firm to distinguish itself from its competitors and bring about significant improvements in the financial performance of its portfolio companies while providing benefits for their stakeholders. Using the U.N. Sustainable Development Goals to guide them, the firm invests in companies they perceive to be addressing major environmental or social challenges in an innovative and commercially successful way. This has led to investments in significant growth opportunities in areas such as health care, education, waste management, and acqua‐culture. And the firm's returns to its investors have been high enough—and the perceived social benefits large enough—that the firm recently closed its second fund (which was significantly oversubscribed) for 650 million euros, and received the ESG award at the 2019 Private Equity Awards in London.     

How it all began: the rise of listing requirements on the London, Berlin, Paris, and New York stock exchanges

The issue of accounting standards for foreign securities listed on a stock exchange arose gradually over the period 1825-1914 among the leading exchanges in the first global financial market—London, New York, Paris, and Berlin. Comparing their listing requirements on the eve of World War I, we find that the London and New York exchanges were most detailed, reflecting their common-law legal environments and their status as self-regulating organizations. The evolution of listing requirements in London and New York therefore influenced the development of accounting standards in those countries. By contrast, Paris and Berlin relied on validation of a security by political authorities. One result of these differences in legal and political environments was that American railroads issued the only securities to be listed on each of the four exchanges.     

Spatial Planning and Transport in London and the South East—Can Policy Co-Ordination and Delivery be Achieved?

The railway system in London and the south east is fundamental to London in its roles as the capital of the country and as a world-class financial and business centre. This article examines the formal strategies for spatial planning and railway investment in London and the south east and shows that there is a distinct dichotomy between spatial and transport planning. The authors explain the key investments needed in the network. They call for the Government to demonstrate how land use planning and transport investment are dovetailed together and properly funded, and for the Strategic Rail Authority to act more in concert with regional and local interests.     

Spatial Planning and Transport in London and the South East—Can Policy Co-Ordination and Delivery be Achieved?

The railway system in London and the south east is fundamental to London in its roles as the capital of the country and as a world-class financial and business centre. This article examines the formal strategies for spatial planning and railway investment in London and the south east and shows that there is a distinct dichotomy between spatial and transport planning. The authors explain the key investments needed in the network. They call for the Government to demonstrate how land use planning and transport investment are dovetailed together and properly funded, and for the Strategic Rail Authority to act more in concert with regional and local interests.     

伦敦离岸人民币市场发展现状及展望

在中英双边政策支持和金融市场力量的合力驱动之下,伦敦人民币业务快速发展。伴随中英政策合作成果全面显现、中英经贸往来水平不断提升、市场驱动人民币产品创新和金融交易驶入快车道,伦敦离岸人民币市场发展前景广阔。面对日益激烈的市场竞争格局,中资银行需从外汇交易业务、贸易金融服务、投融资业务和市场研究等领域加大投入和开拓力度,全面提升竞争力。     

Hedging Housing Risk in London

This paper investigates the benefits of allowing households to compensate the portfolio distortion due to their housing consumption through investments in housing price derivatives. Focusing on the London market, we show that a major loss from over-investment in housing is that households are forced to hold a very risky portfolio. However, the strong performance of the London housing market means that little is lost in terms of expected returns. Even households with limited wealth are better off owning their home rather than renting and investing in financial assets, as long as they are willing to face the financial risk involved. In this context, access to housing price derivatives would benefit most poor homeowners looking to limit their risk exposure. It would also benefit wealthier investors looking for the high returns provided by housing investments without the costs of direct ownership of properties. Comparisons with French, Swedish and U.S. data provide a broader perspective on our findings.     

Financial Research in the European Region: a Long‐Term Assessment (1990–2008)

We provide a long‐term comprehensive assessment of financial research in the European region. As with earlier findings in Chan et al. (2004) , the European academic institutions, as a group, perform very well during the 1990–2008 period. Specifically, European institutions exhibit a steady increase in the share of global financial research. During the sample period, the top five institutions were London Business School, INSEAD, Sir John Cass Business School, London School of Economics, and Erasmus University Rotterdam. Subperiod analysis shows that some universities, such as Oxford University, increased their research output substantially. Many of the leading European scholars received their training and had prior experience in North American institutions. We find that a high ranking of the scholars’ affiliated and doctoral granting institutions is correlated with finance research productivity.     

Volatility in the federal funds market and money market spreads during the financial crisis

We analyze the role of federal funds rate volatility in affecting risk premium as measured by various money market spreads during the 2007–2009 financial crisis. We find that volatility in the federal funds market contributed to elevated Overnight Index Swap (OIS) spreads of unsecured bank funding rates during the crisis. Using OIS as a proxy for market expectations, we also decompose London Inter-Bank Offered Rate (Libor) into its permanent and transitory components in a dynamic factor framework and show that increased volatility in the federal funds market contributed to substantial transitory movements of Libor away from its long-run trend during the financial crisis.     

基于GARCH族模型的黄金市场的风险度量与预测研究

本文以上海和伦敦黄金市场的现货交易为对象,比较研究了不同分布假定下RiskMetrics、GARCH族及其衍生模型度量VaR值的精确程度,并对超前一天预测的VaR值进行了失败率检测和动态分位数测试。结果表明:两个市场的收益率分布均具有尖峰厚尾、波动集聚和长记忆性等特征;学生t分布很好的刻画了上海黄金市场的风险特征,而正态分布则适合描述伦敦黄金市场特征;上海黄金市场相比于伦敦黄金市场风险更大。