共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Aaron De Laporte;Daniel Schuurman;Tristan Skolrud;Peter Slade;Alfons Weersink; 《Revue canadienne d'agroeconomie》2024,72(3):309-324
Canada's agricultural business risk management (BRM) programs require significant public expenditure, with unclear consequences related to climate change adaptation and mitigation through the adoption of beneficial management practices (BMPs). This study examines the relationship between Canada's current suite of BRM programs and the adoption of practices that mitigate GHG emissions in crop agriculture. We review the impacts of agricultural insurance on climate adaptation and mitigation, identifying impacts on both the intensive and extensive margins of production. We consider five potential program modifications, including: (1) changes in producer insurance premiums in AgriInsurance for the adoption of practices that would decrease the actuarially fair insurance rate if they were properly incorporated in the calculation; (2) dedicated insurance products related to trials of specific BMPs; (3) adjustments to current programs to allow more whole-farm considerations and intercropping; (4) cross-compliance measures on AgriInvest tied to environmental education; and (5) reduced insurance coverage for unfavorable environmental practices. While the effects of these potential modifications remain uncertain, they will drive the data collection process necessary to ensure that Canada's BRM programs play an appropriate role in greenhouse-gas reducing BMP adoption and climate change adaptation and mitigation. 相似文献
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Geoffrey N. Kerr Basil M.H. Sharp 《The Australian journal of agricultural and resource economics》2008,52(4):381-399
Evaluation of off‐site mitigation entails comparison of utility changes between two sites. Choice modelling has been used to identify community willingness to trade‐off attributes for two different types of stream in New Zealand. Estimated utility functions are used to derive marginal rates of substitution and stream attribute part worths which can be used to design or evaluate both on‐site and off‐site mitigation policy. Latent class multinomial logit models identified classes of citizens who valued stream attributes quite differently. Significant differences in values for some attributes on different stream types imply heterogeneous mitigation ratios across environmental attributes. 相似文献
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综合洪水风险管理是风险社会人类更好地防御洪水风险的基本要求,也是综合水资源管理的组成部分。党的二十大报告等政策文件和《中华人民共和国长江保护法》《中华人民共和国黄河保护法》等的出台实施、新一轮政府机构改革和丰富的防洪实践、域外经验积累等为《中华人民共和国防洪法》的修订贯彻综合洪水风险管理理念、优化防洪管理体制机制提供了政法依据和实践基础。具体优化路径如下:健全防洪管理体制,包括明确领导部门和职能部门的职责,夯实行政首长和政府的职责,建立部门协同机制和省际协同机制,建立重要水系的全流域协调机制,设立专家咨询委员会和社会互助机制等;强化蓄滞洪区建管体制机制,在明确蓄滞洪区管理体制的基础上,建立蓄滞洪区全过程风险管控机制,改进蓄滞洪区的运用补偿和扶持救助制度;优化防洪规划和防洪标准制度,尤其是建立定期审查和更新制度;新建非工程防洪制度,如建立重要水系的子流域防洪规划、洪水风险图编制、洪水保险等制度。 相似文献
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李璐 《中国农业资源与区划》2013,34(1):71-75
文章通过对成本有效的、可持续的、符合地区实际情况的气候变化减缓政策措施和减缓技术的研究,提出减缓气候变化的途径和方法.文章分别从减缓气候变化的主要政策措施、减缓气候变化的技术选择以及中国减缓气候变化的实践等角度,从理论和实践、国际和国内、近期和长期等多个环节对减缓气候变化措施进行探讨,从而提出减缓气候变化的行动建议. 相似文献
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Global groundwater overexploitation positions groundwater governance as a critical issue for improving sustainable water management. Evidence of aquifer recovery after overexploitation is scattered, as is the research on the drivers behind recovery. The Fuencaliente Aquifer in Spain faced a tragedy of the commons situation, but after an innovative governance arrangement was implemented, the aquifer is gradually recovering. In this research, we identify the drivers that made possible the emergence and acceptance of such an arrangement using the social-ecological system framework. We identified external drivers such as market incentives and limited enforcement capacity of the water authority as the main factors that led to groundwater depletion, but we also found that these same drivers, under a new regulatory framework that reinforced monitoring and sanctioning capacities, are the basis for the effective recovery of the aquifer. Internal drivers such as the socioeconomic attributes of the users, their limited collective action and the power differences between traditional and commercial farmers are also critical in explaining the acceptance of the new governance arrangement. Even if these drivers are context-specific, we identified innovations that might be transferable and contribute to the literature on good practices in groundwater governance and management. 相似文献
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[目的]通过对农业洪涝灾害研究使用的数据源的分析,明确农业洪涝灾害研究的现状,归纳农业洪涝灾害研究的技术与方法,分析农业洪涝灾害未来研究方向。[方法]文章以农业洪涝灾害研究所使用数据源作为索引,对基于不同数据源开展的农业洪涝灾害研究进行概述。[结果]从农业洪涝灾害研究所涉及的数据源来分析,主要包括气象水文数据、遥感数据和统计数据,从农业洪涝灾害研究所涉及的内容来分析,主要包括洪涝灾害监测、风险预警和风险评估等3个方面的内容。[结论](1)我国农业洪涝灾害研究主要为区域和小流域洪涝灾害监测和风险评估,河流、暴雨和气候与洪涝灾害、自然灾害和社会要素的洪涝灾害以及水文模型、气候模型、土壤湿度等基础研究。通过不同研究方法研究洪涝灾害风险,高度重视洪涝灾害风险管理;(2)已经形成“天—空—地”一体化洪涝灾害立体遥感监测体系,但基于遥感数据开展的农业洪涝灾害研究,主要集中在洪涝灾害监测领域,格局分析以及预警评价的研究相对薄弱;(3)农业洪涝灾害风险预警主要从脆弱性、影响性、适应性等角度对风险进行分析,得到洪涝灾害综合风险区划并进行预警;(4)地理信息系统技术是农业洪涝风险评价中的热门方法;(5)农业洪涝灾害的评估体系缺乏统一的洪涝灾害风险理论模型与评估框架;(6)我国农业洪涝风险定量评估研究较少。 相似文献
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Forceful evictions have become a serious problem in Cambodia with an increasing number of families being deprived of their land, homes and livelihoods without compensation. This article analyses Cambodian land rights in the context of economic development theory. It assesses whether increasing economic inequalities, stemming from forceful evictions, can be categorized as an impediment to Cambodian economic growth. The Cambodian case illustrates that a lack of good governance due to corruption leads to the unequal distribution of land which, in turn, causes inequitable economic development. The paper concludes that Cambodia is trapped in a vicious cycle of inequality, which is upheld by elites who benefit from evictions and land concessions while evictees become trapped in poverty. Given that the population is growing angrier, the article warns of potential for a violent revolution that could have disastrous consequences for the Cambodian kingdom, a country that recently emerged from years of civil conflicts and is still in the process of rebuilding its social fabric. 相似文献
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防洪减灾治理中的非工程措施:以瓯江流域为例 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
通过对瓯江流域洪涝灾害的特征与防洪减灾非工程建设现状进行分析,针对其管理现状的不足之处,提出了瓯江流域防洪减灾非工程建设应在采取工程措施修建各种水利工程的同时,积极采取非工程措施:加强管理系统、应急预案和防汛队伍建设,健全和完善各类防洪预案,加强洪灾风险管理;加速防洪信息系统的现代化建设;建立和完善群众性防洪减灾制度,做好水利法规和防洪减灾的宣传工作,提高群众的法制意识和防洪意识,发动全社会参与防洪减灾工作,达到管理洪水、利用洪水资源的目的。 相似文献
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The Netherlands and the United Kingdom are known for their different traditions of river flood risk management, which is reflected in their respective institutional frameworks. Whereas the Dutch have focused almost exclusively on reducing the probability of flooding by defining high safety standards, British flood managers are known for their propensity to influence spatial planning decisions as a means to reduce the potential impacts of flood events. This paper scrutinizes this alleged major difference in institutional arrangements and planning practices, so as to evaluate the room for elements of the risk approach in the Netherlands. Using Ostrom's IAD framework, we analyze the rules-in-use in two cases in which a new hospital is being planned in a flood-prone area. It will be shown that in spite of some important differences observed in the rules-in-use, the Dutch institutional configuration has absorbed several elements of the risk approach, and displays a higher similarity in planning practice to the UK than expected. It thus seems that Dutch flood risk management is gradually evolving into the direction of a more integral approach to water safety in spatial planning. 相似文献
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Governance of the environment and natural resources involves interests of multiple stakeholders at different scales. In community-based forest management, organisations outside of communities play important roles in achieving multiple social and ecological objectives. How and when these organisations play a role in the community-based forest management process remains a key question. We applied social network analysis to a case study in Indonesian Borneo to better understand the evolution of interactions between organisational actors, and with communities. NGOs featured most prominently in initiating the permit process, implementing management, and providing other support activities, while also being well-connected to donors and government actors. The network configurations indicated significant cooperation among organisations when initiating the community forest process, while bridging between village and organisational levels characterised all stages of the community forest process. While community-based forest management often evokes images of grassroots efforts and broad local capacity to manage forests, reality shows a more dynamic and heterogeneous picture and broader involvement of different actor types and motivations in Indonesia. These findings can be applied to other countries implementing and expanding their decentralised forest policies. 相似文献
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政治风险的考量对于海外投资项目的成败至关重要,密松水电工程作为中国水电企业的境外投资项目,具有一定的代表性。密松水电站项目搁浅的政治风险因素涉及多个层面:缺乏合理的政治风险评估体系、公关意识的缺失、过程风险评估的不足、对当地文化与母国民意走向的不敏感、企业缺乏独立性与风险分担意识。通过对密松水电站案例的剖析,试图从政府、企业双视角下探讨中国海外投资水电项目政治风险的规避对策。 相似文献
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加强和改进乡村治理需要科学、合理、适切的政策体系保驾护航。文章通过构建"政策工具—目标评价"二维框架对文本进行分析,研究发现:政策工具维度的基本工具偏好从环境型到供给型再到需求型加速递减,"公共资金投入"和"财政措施"等次级工具偏少;目标评价维度的基本工具偏好分布均衡、结构协调,但次级工具结构需进一步优化和完善。进一步分析表明,乡村治理的目标意涵呈现出清晰图景,政策情绪分布比例协调。未来乡村治理的政策制定应遵循四条原则:推进政策工具分布有机平衡,实现次级结构统筹优化;提升政策工具与治理目标契合度,注重补齐政策短板;完善细节设计,提高可操作性;持续推进政策优化升级。 相似文献
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Flood risk is increasing all over the globe due to urbanization and the effects of climate change. Water managers and urban planners try to cope with flood risk by enhancing urban flood resilience. Three main discourses of resilience are engineering, ecological, and socio-ecological resilience. Whereas the discourse of engineering resilience emphasizes the use of flood protection infrastructures, the discourses of ecological and socio-ecological resilience advocate river restoration and spatial strategies to reduce flood risk. In this paper, we investigate which resilience discourse is dominant in the Lambro river basin (Metropolitan City of Milan), and how this discourse has been translated into institutions (rules-in-use) and outcomes, such as flood protection infrastructures or building regulations. Our discursive-institutional analysis is informed by the (politicized) Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) framework, which highlights the role of discursive, institutional, and contextual factors in explaining the outcomes of strategic interactions within action arenas. It is shown that whereas bottom-up initiatives try to foster socio-ecological resilience, the engineering resilience discourse still dominates within the Lambro river basin because national policies and funds are geared towards hard infrastructure measures. 相似文献
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This article analyses the consequences of institutional and organisational arrangements for the legitimacy of the governance of Finnish public forests. It focuses on normative legitimacy, which comprises input legitimacy (accountability), throughput legitimacy (power relationships, transparency and inclusiveness) and output legitimacy (problem-solving capacity). These components, and the challenges involved in them, are analysed in relation to the governance of the Finnish Forest and Park Service. It is a hybrid agency which combines business economic tasks with broader societal duties related to public forests. The article draws on the relevant laws, parliamentary reports and comments, policy and planning documents, as well as interviews with MPs, government officials and agency staff. The discrepancy between written regulations and policies on the one hand, and the actual governance practices and rationalities that guide informants’ interpretations and implementation of the regulations on the other, constitutes (in addition to the regulatory vagueness) the key challenge to the system's legitimacy. The Finnish case shows that assigning to Parliament a central formal role in the governance of public forests may serve more as window-dressing than providing genuine legitimacy to the decisions being made, as its actual role is dependent on how – and by whom – such decisions are prepared. The results highlight the importance of inclusiveness and transparency in the governance process; and of concrete, measurable criteria and indicators for each policy goal, against which performance may be assessed on a regular basis. 相似文献
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This contribution examines Switzerland’s shift towards integrated flood risk management from a policy coordination perspective. The study applies a heuristic framework of policy coordination to explore how adaption needs promoted cross-sectoral policy coordination between hydraulic engineering and land use planning and enhanced coherence in flood policies targeting extreme flood events. To account for the temporal dimension in policy coordination, the article traces Swiss flood policies back to the early 1800s and distinguishes four phases of policy coordination. Across the four periods, the analysis focuses on (a) the drivers of policy coordination, (b) the manifestation of policy coordination in terms of policy frames, goals, instruments and subsystem involvement, and (c) the performance of policy coordination. Complemented by an in-depth case study of cross-sectoral flood policies in the Swiss canton Nidwalden findings show that the coordination between flood and land use policies has primarily been driven by three factors: (i) extreme floods as focusing events, (ii) an increasing problem pressure, and (iii) strategic reorientations in flood and land use policies. Today, flood risk management in Switzerland displays a high degree of sectoral interplay between hydraulic engineering and spatial planning. By fostering flood-adapted land uses Switzerland’s coordinated flood policies reduce the vulnerability to uncertain future changes in flood risk and strengthen the country’s capacities to mitigate damage in extreme floods events. 相似文献