证券监管与执法ADR模式探参

选择性或替代性纠纷解决方法（ADR），是一种新兴的诉讼外和解机制，它具有程序简捷、解决纠纷快、降低成本、提高效率及减少诉讼风险等优势。目前，ADR在美、欧等发达国家司法实践以及资本市场监管与执法中被广泛采用。本文在总结ADR特点、类别的基础上，对ADR在证券监管与执法中的表现形式进行了分析，结合我国资本市场新兴加转轨的发展现状，论述了引入ADR制度的必要性，并诠释TADR的适用范围及模式选择。     

Earnings guidance and market uncertainty

We study the effect of disclosure on uncertainty by examining how management earnings forecasts affect stock market volatility. Using implied volatilities from exchange-traded options prices, we find that management earnings forecasts increase short-term volatility. This effect is attributable to forecasts that convey bad news, especially when firms release forecasts sporadically rather than on a routine basis. In the longer run, market uncertainty declines after earnings are announced, regardless of whether there is a preceding earnings forecast. This decline is mitigated when the firm issues a forecast that conveys negative news, implying that these forecasts are associated with increased uncertainty.     

会计信息不实的行政法律规制研究

1929年-1933年席卷欧美的经济危机和2008年世界金融危机本质上是会计信息不实孕育的“恶果”,证明会计信息不实具有严重的社会危害性。为把不实会计信息的状况限制在低水平,保护相关利益主体的权益,防止信息障碍累积,构建有效经济社会信用体系,避免经济发生重大病变,需要实施全过程一般会计信息问题的有效行政法律监管。如何实施会计信息不实的行政监管,关键是从操作层面完善现有行政法律规制内容.     

完善金融业机构信息管理的建议

为保障金融体系稳健运行,防范系统性金融风险,人民银行自2009年开始进行了一系列规范和加强金融业机构信息管理工作,开发并建立了“金融业机构信息化管理系统”,为推进我国金融标准化建设、实现金融体系内信息共享奠定了基础。系统运行两年后,相关工作有待进一步完善。     

Valuation and classification of company issued cash and share-puts

This paper examines whether investors’ valuations of cash and share-put warrants are influenced by their potential differential effect on firm solvency. It is motivated by the enactment of SFAS 150, which requires that all contingent put warrant obligations be classified as balance sheet liabilities regardless of put type. Consistent with the critics of SFAS150, we show that market participants differentially value cash and share-puts based on their solvency characteristics beyond the firm’s recorded assets and liabilities. Our results add to existing capital structure literature by suggesting that complex financial instruments (such as cash and share-puts) be reported separately from each other on a firm’s balance sheet.

How to get banks to take less risk and disclose bad news

There is wide agreement that before the recent financial crisis, financial institutions took excessive risk in their investment strategies. At the same time, regulators complained that banks did not reveal the extent of their difficulties in a timely fashion thus reducing the effectiveness of government intervention to prevent or mitigate the deleterious effects of the financial crisis. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how regulators can best use certain tools at their disposal to motivate banks to take less risk and to provide adverse information to regulators early. We argue that two tools, namely (i) allowing bank payouts to equity holders even when banks report they are in trouble and (ii) constraining banks’ future investment strategy when they are in trouble can achieve both goals. We show that, in some cases, it is optimal to use both of these tools in combination. That is, in such cases it is optimal to allow equity payouts when banks report they are in trouble, even though such payouts increase the incentive for banks to take excessive risk and even though these payments are financed by taxpayers. We also show that the more socially costly is constraining the bank’s portfolio selection or the more complex are the bank’s assets, the more likely it is that allowing larger payouts and fewer constraints is optimal. Finally we discuss how changes in bank capital requirements interact with inducing disclosure and preventing excessive risk taking.     

国有资产信息化管理研究

运用现代信息技术,建立科学的国有资产管理信息系统,推进事业单位国有资产信息化管理,有助于单位对国有资产进行实时监控,进行动态管理,提高单位的资产管理水平。本文研究了事业单位国有资产在管理中存在的问题,阐述了事业单位实施国有资产信息化管理的意义,以及完善资产信息化管理的措施建议,对于规范事业单位国有资产管理,提高资产管理水平具有重要的现实意义。     

论深化税收信息化管理

先进的技术和科学的管理，是现代税收管理的标志，我国目前应当通过创新税收管理理念和管理体制，加快建立全国统一的税收管理信息网络系统，推广应用全国统一的征管软件，完善与税收信息化管理相适应的人才培养机制，才能最终实现在信息化支持下的税收专业化管理。     

内在价值、市场信息、投资者先验乐观情绪与创业板IPO抑价

我国创业板IPO自开板以来表现出较高的抑价率,其影响因素较多。本文首先从公司内在价值、市场信息和投资者先验乐观情绪三方面对影响创业板IPO抑价的因素进行了理论分析;然后建立了不同的回归模型进行实证检验。结果发现市场信息和投资者先验乐观情绪是抑价率的主要影响因子,公司的内在价值在抑价上较少得到体现。IPO首日换手率较高,股票的流动性较强,但存在一定的操控性因素。     

共同治理模式下的非营利组织财务信息需求与供给

本文在分析非营利组织的财务受托责任以及三权分离的财务特征基础上,剖析利益相关者共同治理模式下非营利组织财务信息需求特征和供给动力,并对其制约因素进行深入的分析,提出所有者缺位以及信息需求的分散性、信息披露成本的制约以及政府监管能力有限等因素是导致非营利组织财务信息供给不足的主要因素。     

组织文化、环境不确定性与管理会计信息认知

管理会计是一门应用性学科,它围绕组织的价值创造服务于企业实践。组织文化在其核心价值观的传递与解释过程中会对管理会计信息的认知程度产生影响,也会改变人们对环境不确定性的态度。管理会计信息支持系统通过对信息有用性的甄别与分析,提高人们对管理会计信息的认知能力,进一步使管理会计控制系统发挥更大的作用,提高管理会计的效率与效果。     

我国个人信息保护行政监管的立法选择

在大数据时代,个人信息的重要性愈发凸显。作为个人信息保护的第三大支柱,垂直面的监管制度构建与水平面的权利义务设立同样重要。由于顶层设计的缺失和部门分散立法的局限,我国目前的个人信息保护行政监管存在着目标弱化、主体分散、措施乏力和程序模糊等问题,严重阻碍了个人信息保护水平的提高。面对新兴科技的法律挑战与错综复杂的利益平衡需求,未来的个人信息保护立法应当明确行政监管的主要目标,建立统一和独立的监管机构,提升其专业性和行政级别,细化具体的监管措施,并协调不同保护程序之间的关系。     

Impact of Regulatory Enforcement on Leakages Prior to Analyst Recommendations

The financial press suggests that information is commonly leaked prior to analyst recommendations. We examine the impact that three regulatory actions (Regulation Fair Disclosure, Global Analysts Research Settlement, and the legal case against Galleon Group) have on information leakage prior to analyst recommendations. We find that all three regulatory actions have significantly reduced the leakage of information prior to analyst recommendations, even after controlling for several characteristics that explain the variation in information leakage. Our results are robust when applying an alternative method of measuring information leakage, and when forming various samples of analyst recommendations based on different criteria.     

Prior Information and the Market Reaction to Dividend Changes

We investigate two hypotheses regarding the information content of dividend change announcements. The first is that the importance of information signaled by a dividend change depends on the reliability of earnings forecasts existing before the dividend announcement. The second hypothesis is that the stock price reaction to dividend change announcements is related to earnings forecast error as of the time of the dividend announcement. Our results reveal that dividend increases convey more information for firms in which financial analysts least accurately predict earnings. The results also indicate that dividend increase and decrease announcements provide market participants with information which, on average, allows them to differentiate between firms on the basis of future earnings realizations. These differential information effects are shown to be robust to price, size, dividend yield, and overinvestment effects.     

作为金融信息中介的网贷平台信息披露规则

从金融属性上看,网贷平台提供的是借贷信息中介服务。信息披露是其主营业务内容,平台不能参与借贷交易,否则将使流动性等风险大量集中到平台并引发严重后果。从法律性质来看,网贷平台则是借贷居间商,应当向交易双方履行相应的信息披露义务。网贷业务兼具金融和网络化特点,我国《合同法》第425条的一般性规定无法有效规制网贷平台的信息披露行为。P2P网络借贷信息披露监管规范虽初具体系,但还需围绕投资者等金融消费者保护这一根本宗旨进行改进,使信息披露内容以普通消费者等客户认知水平和需求为导向,信息披露义务的履行贯穿借贷合同存续的全过程,平台违反信息披露义务应当承担相应的民事责任等。     

The dynamics of volatility transmission and information flow between ADRs and their underlying stocks

This research examines the dynamics of volatility transmission and information flow between ADRs and the underlying stocks. Using a bivariate GARCH model with BEKK parameterisation, the study investigates how changes in volatility in the ADR market affect the volatility in the underlying equity market and vice versa. The findings suggest a bidirectional volatility transmission and information flow between the ADR and underlying stock markets. ADRs and underlying stocks respond to their own innovations as well as to the innovations in each other's market. The findings are consistent for all countries in the sample as well as for different sub-periods. The evidence suggests that the differences in synchronicity of trading period between the US market and other developed markets included in the sample has had no effect on the volatility transmission and information flow between ADRs and underlying stocks.     

证券公司合规管理的新趋势:基于原则的监管

基于原则的监管(Principles-Based Regulation,PBR)是2002年以来欧美国家证券公司合规管理的新趋势,被西方业界广泛讨论并逐步付诸实践。对习惯于以规则为导向的传统而言,基于原则的监管无疑是一种巨大的挑战和变革,其带来的激烈争议在所难免。我国证券公司的合规管理起步较晚,但起点较高,基于原则的监管已初现端倪,在外部监管方面可以适当借鉴;但对于证券公司的内部管理而言,则不宜立即推广。     

我国存款准备金管理研究

由于我国存款准备金政策执行时间跨度大,管理规定繁多,核定工作流程不规范,加之自2008年起,人民银行总行授权省级人民银行核定辖内地方性法人金融机构存款准备金和财政存款交存范围等,使得准备金管理过程中诸多问题逐步显现,存在一定风险。因此,需要客观反映存款准备金管理过程中存在的问题及潜在风险,重新调整地方性法人金融机构准备金交存范围核定工作流程,并提出进一步规范我国准备金管理的有效途径。     

Past managerial guidance and returns to variance trading around earnings announcements

I investigate the relationship between past managerial guidance and realized variance risk premiums (VRPs) – i.e., the difference between implied and realized variance – in equity options around earnings announcements. I find that implied variances are lower before earnings announcements but VRPs are higher when firms provide guidance. I also find higher option-implied jump risk when firms issue surprising guidance. Further tests suggest a portion of the higher VRPs are due to changes in perceived higher-order risks, but traders also underreact to the precision of information in short-term guidance. These results are attenuated for firms with a better information environment.     

Information Leakage Prior to Takeover Announcements: The Effect of Media Reports

There is considerable evidence documenting pre-bid price and volume reaction to takeover announcements. This has at times been argued to constitute evidence of insider trading. Although insider trading probably occurs, much pre-bid trading may result from event anticipation. This paper documents the effects of one source through which such anticipation is disseminated, namely the print media. Our results show that measures of unexpected returns and turnover can be reduced by one third when the information from media reports is controlled for. The general implication of our finding is that, if other such sources were taken into account (for example, information conveyed by substantial shareholder notices and the transactions costs of trading), then previous evidence of statistically significant unexpected pre-bid returns and turnover may be substantially reduced if not eliminated.